周期驱动的二能级系统中的准宇称-时间对称动力学

本文研究了一个周期驱动的非宇称-时间对称二能级量子系统的非厄米动力学.通过经典相空间分析方法,解出了该非厄米系统的Floquet态和准能谱,并解析构造了由该非厄米哈密顿量支配下的量子态的非幺正时间演化算符,给出了不同参数区域的量子态演化.本文数值和分析证明,该非宇称-时间对称二能级Floquet系统,类似于宇称-时间对称系统,存在一个准能谱从实数谱到复数谱的相变.本文还揭示了在量子态的动态演化中存在一种准宇称-时间对称动力学,即,该系统的粒子布居概率演化完全满足时间空间对称(宇称-时间对称),但是由于相位演化违反了宇称-时间对称性的要求,因此包含相位信息的量子态演化不满足时间空间对称(宇称-时间对称).这些结果加深了对非厄米物理的理解,拓展和推广了传统的宇称-时间对称概念.     

反射不对称壳模型对221,223Ra的描述

用反射不对称壳模型描述了奇A核^221,223Ra的低激发态能谱, 计算结果非常好地再现了^221,223Ra基态的自旋、宇称以及具有相反宇称的基态宇称二重带. 基态宇称二重带的存在表明^221,223Ra的基态确实具有反射不对称形状, 即八极形变.     

锕系核集体运动的负宇称态

从锕系区40多个核的正负宇称态的实验数据,如激发能、J^π、电偶极跃迁等,得到一系列与核结构有关的物理量,如宇称劈裂能级差δE_I,正负宇称带的第一和第二类转动惯量J⁽¹⁾和J⁽²⁾及第一负宇称态的电偶极跃迁强度比等,以及它们与角动量I或转动角频率ω的动力学和核子数A的系统行为,从而为研究锕系核负宇称态的产生机制及动力学特点提供了信息.     

探测B_s~0-_s~0混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应(英文)

最近由CDF合作组和DΦ合作组测量的Bs质量差ΔMs粗略地与标准模型预测值一致,因此这些测量将对限制超出标准模型的新物理信号提供一个机会．考虑Bs0-s0混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应,并用最近ΔMs的实验结果去限制树图的R宇称破缺耦合．然后,通过从ΔMs实验限制得到R宇称破缺耦合的参数空间,显示在Bs宽度差ΔΓs中的R宇称破缺超对称效应．     

QED是否还有新参数?

量子电动力学(QED)可以允许宇称破坏的费米子质量项,并由此引进一个新参量.这时不存在守恒的空间反演算符,并有明显的宇称破坏效应-电偶极矩.在手征变换下,在纯规范部分出现宇称破坏项.这一项不是对时间的全微商,所以对规范场的运动方程有贡献.用一个双联(dual)转动可以反手征转动前后的电磁场联系起来.第二类电磁场方程变成非齐次,并破坏宇称守恒.     

具有双Y-型结构的Θ+的研究

采用由单胶子交换产生的库仑势加上流管模型给出的双Y-型禁闭势之和的相互作用势,分别计算了正、负宇称态的Θ⁺的质量, 给出负宇称态Θ⁺的质量为1.935GeV, 正宇称态Θ⁺的质量为2.082GeV. 其中较低的负宇称态仍比实验给出的Θ⁺(1540)的共振峰高出近400MeV.     

1p壳层核的α折合宽度

利用谐振子壳模型波函数,计算了1p壳层核的α折合宽度。计算结果发现,正常宇称能级的理论值与实验值大致相符,反常宇称能级的理论值则比实验值小得多。这表明至少对于反常宇称能级,通常的单量子激发壳模型波函数还不能正确反映原子核的结团现象,它们与原子核真实状态的差别还是很大的。     

弱相互作用中宇称不守恒效应的实验测定

宇称是粒子(或粒子系)在空间反射变换下的特征.如粒子(或粒子系)的波函数在空间反射变换下不变,它的宇称为偶.如果只是改变符号,它的宇称为奇.宇称守恒是指宇称的奇或偶不改变.这一假设是人们从宏观世界所意识到的对称性中提出来的.在1956年以前从来也没有被严格地检验过. 在四种普适相互作用(强相互作用、电磁相互作用、弱相互作用和引力相互作用仲,除引力相互作用外,弱相互作用是最弱的一种.强相互作用、电磁相互作用和弱相互作用的无量纲的耦合常数分别为:1,1/137和 10-5根据测不准原理,实验上在往可以利用它们的衰变寿命来区分它们.前两…     

电子-狄喇克双子束缚态的宇称性质及其斯塔克效应

讨论了电子—狄喇克双子束缚态解的宇称性质,指出:当q≠0(即磁荷存在)时,解的宇称确定性遭到破坏,因此破坏宇称守恒的△j=0的跃迁是允许的。从而产生了不同于通常类氢原子的线性斯塔克效应。还计算了该系统的斯塔克效应的能级分裂,指出了它不同于类氢原子的诸多特点。 关键词：     

角动量问题浅析

大学物理教学中,一些基本概念的讲授不仅对于物理概念本身的深化十分重要,而且对于现代物理学思想的把握和对后续课程的学习也具有十分重要的作用.通过讨论角动量及其在宇称变换下的性质,我们介绍了轴矢量的概念,并在量子力学层次对宇称变换进行了分析,将量子力学层次的态函数和场算符进行了分类,同时说明了在基本粒子物理研究当中对复合粒子进行分类时一个重要的量子数——宇称.     

Parity states in the one-atom maser

An experiment to determine the parity of the photon field of one privileged mode in a high-Q resonator is proposed. Even parity indicates that the photon number equals zero, two, four or any other even integer; likewise, odd parity states are mixtures of states with any odd number of photons. The parity measurement can be performed while the resonator is pumped as in standard one-atom maser operation. The time dependence of the parity expectation value is studied theoretically, and we suggest its experimental verification, which would serve as a test of the standard models describing both the relaxation of the cavity field toward thermal equilibrium and the pumping process. The connection between parity expectation values and Wigner's phase space function is recalled; the central value of the Wigner function equals twice the mean parity and it is, therefore, a measurable quantity.     

Parity Violating Electron Scattering in the Relativistic Eikonal Approximation

The parity violating electron scattering is investigated in the relativistic Eikonal approximation. The parity violating asymmetry parameters for many isotopes are calculated. In calculations the proton and neutron densities are obtained from the relativistic mean-field theory. We take Ni isotopes as examples to analyse the behaviour of the parity violating asymmetry parameters. The results show that the parity violating asymmetry parameter is sensitive to the difference between the proton and neutron densities. The amplitude of the parity violating asymmetry parameter increases with the distance between the minima of proton and neutron form factors. Our results are useful for future parity violating electron scattering experiments. By comparing our results with experimental data one can test the validity of the relativistic mean-field theory in calculating the neutron densities of nuclei.     

On Design of Parity Preserving Reversible Adder Circuits

In this paper novel parity preserving reversible logic blocks are presented and verified. Then, we present cost-effective parity preserving reversible implementations of Full Adder, 4:2 Compressor, Binary to BCD converter, and BCD adder using these blocks. The proposed parity preserving reversible BCD adder is designed by cascading the presented 4-digit parity preserving reversible Full Adder and a parity preserving reversible Binary to BCD Converter. In this design, instead of realizing the detection and correction unit, we design a Binary to BCD converter that its inputs are the output of parity preserving binary adder, and its output is a parity preserving BCD digit. In addition, several theorems on the numbers of garbage outputs, constant inputs, quantum cost and delay of the designs have been presented to show its optimality. In the presented circuits, the delay and the quantum cost are reduced by deriving designs based on the proposed parity preserving reversible blocks. The advantages of the proposed designs over the existing ones are quantitatively described and analysed. All the scales are in the Nano-metric area.     

A Re-Examination of the Arguments for Baryon Parity Doublets

The arguments for baryon parity doubling are re-examined by use of a spin formalism developed by the author together with B. E. LAURENT . It is shown that the transformation between good parity amplitudes and helicity flip and non-flip amplitudes in πN scattering is ambiguous. It is further shown that the unitary condition for boson-fermion scattering gives no information of the parity of intermediate states contributing to a good parity amplitude. These ambiguities follow from the fact that for boson-fermion scattering the CPT transformation of an amplitude does not commute with the projection on a definite parity. It is finally shown how a Regge pole model with linear trajectories without parity doubling can be constructed without any specific dynamical assumptions or artifices. The constraints on the residues needed in this case do not violate any general principles.     

Properties of Parity Non-conserved and Parity Conserved States in MatrixProduct Systems

In terms of reflection transformation of a matrix product state (MPS), the parity of the MPS is defined. Based on the reflective parity non-conserved MPS pair we construct the even-parity state |Ψ_e> and the odd-parity state |Ψ_o>. It is interesting to find that the parity non-conserved reflective MPSpair have no long-range correlations; instead the even-parity state|Ψ_e> and the odd-parity state |Ψ_o> constructed from them have the same long-range correlations for the parity non-conserved block operators. Moreover, the entanglement between a block of n contiguous spins and the rest of the spin chain for the states |Ψ_e> and |Ψ_o > is larger than that for the reflective MPS pair except for n=1, and the difference of them approaches 1 monotonically and asymptotically from 0 as n increases from 1. Thesecharacteristics indicate that MPS parity as a conserved physical quantity represents a kind of coherent collective quantum mode, and that the parity conserved MPSs contain more correlation, coherence, and entanglement than the parity non-conserved ones.     

Parity violation in four and higher dimensional spacetime with torsion

The possibility of parity violation in a gravitational theory with torsion is extensively explored in four and higher dimensions. In the former case, we have listed our conclusions on when and whether parity ceases to be conserved, with both two- and three-index antisymmetry of the torsion field. In the latter, the bulk spacetime is assumed to have torsion, and the survival of parity violating terms in the four dimensional effective action is studied, using the compactification schemes proposed by Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali and Randall-Sundrum. An interesting conclusion is that the torsion-axion duality arising in a stringy scenario via the second rank antisymmetric Kalb-Ramond field leads to conservation of parity in the gravity sector in any dimension. However, parity violating interactions do appear for spin-1/2 fermions in such theories, which can have crucial phenomenological implications.Received: 17 July 2003, Revised: 12 February 2004, Published online: 23 April 2004     

Theory of the cranked temperature-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation and parity projected statistics

Projected statistics is proposed to select states of specified space parity and number parity from the Fock space. In the framework of the self-consistent mean field method the temperature-dependent (or thermal) HFB (THFB) equation with the constraints of angular momentum as well as particle number can be derived from the variation after projections of space parity and number parity. By considering the behavior of the quasiparticle distribution function in the limit of zero temperature, it is shown that the self-consistently blocked HFB equation follows from the THFB equation in this limit. An improved level density formula which is free from the problem of enhancement at low temperatures is derived.     

No parity anomaly in massless QED3: A BPHZL approach

In this Letter we call into question the perturbatively parity breakdown at 1-loop for the massless QED₃ frequently claimed in the literature. As long as perturbative quantum field theory is concerned, whether a parity anomaly owing to radiative corrections exists or not shall be definitely proved by using a renormalization method independent of any regularization scheme. Such a problem has been investigated in the framework of BPHZL renormalization method, by adopting the Lowenstein–Zimmermann subtraction scheme. The 1-loop parity-odd contribution to the vacuum-polarization tensor is explicitly computed in the framework of the BPHZL renormalization method. It is shown that a Chern–Simons term is generated at that order induced through the infrared subtractions — which violate parity. We show then that, what is called “parity anomaly”, is in fact a parity-odd counterterm needed for restauring parity.     

Parity checking and generating circuit with semiconductor optical amplifier in all-optical domain

In this paper, an all-optical parity checker and parity generator circuit is proposed in which SOA-MZI configuration is used to implement the XOR logic gate. This performance monitoring logic device is simulated at ultra high speed i.e. 120 GHz. Two logic circuits are proposed for parity generator, in one design inverter used to generate parity bit is implemented by the same additional XOR gate as inverter while in 2nd design inverter is implemented using XGM in SOA and thus number of SOA in 2nd design is reduced. ER ratio achieved in 1st case is 9.28 with maximum Q factor 73.39 and minimum BER 0 while in 2nd design it is 9.35 with maximum Q factor 8.41 and minimum BER 1.93e−17. ER ratio achieved in parity checker circuit is 32.54 with maximum Q factor 77.76 and minimum BER 0.     

Parity anomalies in gauge theories in 2 + 1 dimensions

It is shown that the introduction of massless fermions in an abelian gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions does not lead to any parity anomaly despite a non-commutativity of limits in the structure function of the odd part of the vacuum polarisation tensor. However, a parity anomaly does exist in non-abelian theories due to a conflict between gauge invariance under large gauge transformations and the parity symmetry.