Note on the Design Differentiability of the Static Response of Elastic Structures

This paper provides a new proof of design sensitivity of the static response of some typical structures. These structures (beams, plates, and plane elastic solids) have been described previously. A proof of design sensitivity of the inverse state operator was provided there, and design sensitivity of static response was derived. The proof presented here is simpler and self-contained.     

计算结构力学在桥梁结构施工设计与施工控制中的应用

随着大跨径桥梁结构在工程中应用日趋广泛,其施工控制问题也越来越受到工程界的重视。本文将计算结构力学方法引入桥梁结构的施工设计与控制,给出桥梁结构竣工后受力状态、施工各阶段理想状态的确定、施工控制方法及其程序系统的设计思想。     

现代分析测试方法在有机摩擦材料研究中的应用

本文中总结了热重分析仪(TGA)、动态力学分析仪(DMA)、红外(FTIR)及拉曼(Raman)光谱、核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、聚焦离子束显微镜(FIB)等现代分析测试方法在有机摩擦材料的热性能分析、原材料结构与成分鉴定、微观形貌观察、摩擦化学反应和制动过程释放物分析等方面的应用,希望为高性能摩擦材料的研究者提供分析表征测试方法和研究思路.     

曲棍球击球动作的动力学分析

本文通过实验对曲棍球击球技术进行了动力学分析.计算结果表明,击球动作的不确定性对其影响不大。文中使用的实验方法和计算公式适用于其它一些击球类运动.     

Static, stability and dynamic analysis of gradient elastic flexural Kirchhoff plates

The governing equation of motion of gradient elastic flexural Kirchhoff plates, including the effect of in-plane constant forces on bending, is explicitly derived. This is accomplished by appropriately combining the equations of flexural motion in terms of moments, shear and in-plane forces, the moment–stress relations and the stress–strain equations of a simple strain gradient elastic theory with just one constant (the internal length squared), in addition to the two classical elastic moduli. The resulting partial differential equation in terms of the lateral deflection of the plate is of the sixth order instead of the fourth, which is the case for the classical elastic case. Three boundary value problems dealing with static, stability and dynamic analysis of a rectangular simply supported all-around gradient elastic flexural plate are solved analytically. Non-classical boundary conditions, in additional to the classical ones, have to be utilized. An assessment of the effect of the gradient coefficient on the static or dynamic response of the plate, its buckling load and natural frequencies is also made by comparing the gradient type of solutions against the classical ones.     

工程机械中的机构-结构一体化优化设计

工程机械中的运动机构同时往往也是承载机构,其结构优化问题须同时考虑机构运动和结构受力,较传统的结构优化问题需要考虑的因素更多,约束条件更为复杂。本文以广泛应用于工程机械中的四连杆式俯仰机构为对象,研究了工程机械中机构-结构一体化优化问题,探讨了此类优化问题的目标函数、设计变量和约束条件,并对实际工程机械进行了分析和优化,达到了理想的效果。     

Time-series analysis of pressure fluctuations in gas–solid fluidized beds – A review

This work reviews methods for time-series analysis for characterization of the dynamics of gas–solid fluidized beds from in-bed pressure measurements for different fluidization regimes. The paper covers analysis in time domain, frequency domain, and in state space. It is a follow-up and an update of a similar review paper written a decade ago. We use the same pressure time-series as used by Johnsson et al. (2000). The paper updates the previous review and includes additional methods for time-series analysis, which have been proposed to investigate dynamics of gas–solid fluidized beds. Results and underlying assumptions of the methods are discussed.     

复杂工程结构构件的预应力光弹性分析方法及应用

本文提出了一种后张法预应力光弹性实验方法与技术，并用该方法解决了三峡工程升船机的试验机－清江隔河岩水利枢纽第二级垂直升船机承重结构的楼板与深梁的预应力分析问题，实验结果已被工程单位所采用。     

The thermodynamic design of heat and mass transfer processes and devices

This review article places in perspective the new work devoted both to the analysis of the thermodynamic irreversibility of heat and mass transfer components and systems and to the design of these devices on the basis of entropy generation minimization. The review focuses on the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the generation of entropy in heat and fluid flow and on the design tradeoff of balancing the heat transfer irreversibility against the fluid flow irreversibility. Applications are selected from the fields of heat exchanger design, thermal energy storage, and mass exchanger design. This article provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of second-daw analyses published in the heat and mass transfer literature during the last decade.     

On the strategy for processing modal shapes with the clustered natural frequencies

In this paper, it is pointed out that when several natural frequencies of a structure are clustered in a narrow band the individual modal shapes are very hard to measure or calculate with acceptable accuracy, whereas the invariant subspace spanned by them can be easily determined. It is recommanded that the sine of the included angle of two subspaces of equal dimensions may be used as an index for measuring the difference of the subspaces. A simple method is proposed for calculating the cosine of the included angle.The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Interval,ellipsoidal, and super-ellipsoidal calculi for experimental and theoretical treatment of uncertainty: Which one ought to be preferred?

In this study we compare three calculi listed in the title for analysis of structures involving uncertainty. The main idea is based on the consideration that the maximum structural response predicted by the preferred theory ought to be minimal, and the minimum structural response predicted by the preferred theory ought to be maximal, to constitute a lower overestimation. We present analytic results that allow one to calculate the structural response via the interval, ellipsoidal or super-ellipsoidal calculus. We provide several examples of truss structures and illustrate that in different situations, depending on the available data, one of these calculi ought to be preferred. Conclusion is made on the preferable approach to be the super-ellipsoidal calculus.     

机抖激光陀螺动力学分析及优化设计

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了机抖激光陀螺有限元模型并进行了模态分析和随机振动分析,通过与试验结果对比,验证了模型的合理性和精确性,指出了现有结构的薄弱环节。利用灵敏度分析技术分析了安装盒底部、四壁和支柱等几何尺寸和约束位置对机抖激光陀螺固有频率的影响。计算表明:影响固有频率的主要因素是安装盒的支柱高度、底面厚度和约束位置,而安装盒四壁厚度对固有频率影响很小。最后对结构进行了优化设计,优化后结构一阶固有频率提高35.7%,二阶以上固有频率提高63%以上。     

基于应力及其灵敏度的结构拓扑渐进优化方法

在导出应力灵敏度的基础上，建立了一种改进的基于应力及其灵敏度的结构拓扑双方向渐进优化算法．该方法是对传统ESO和BESO方法的改进和完善．算例表明该方法能较大程度减少解的振荡状态数，获得更佳的拓扑结构．具有概念上的简洁性和应用上的有效性。     

Wavelet analysis in testing signals

I.IntroductionAseriesofnon-stationary,shocksignalsareoftenpresentedinengilleeringpractice.Forexample,thevibrationresponseofautomobilesrunningonanunevenroad,aircraftstlyinginchangingairflowandtheresponseofhighbuildingstructurestoearthquakewaves.Thetraditionaltime-frequencyanalysingmethodwhichisbasedonFouriertranstlormcanonlyprovidetheaveragestatisticalresultsinanalysingshocksignals.It'sdiftlcultl'OrFourierTransformtodiscribetilelocalandprecisecharacteristicsofnon-stationarychocksignals.ButW…     

The finite element method based on interpolating with wavelet basis function

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正交正放类网架结构分析的分解刚度法

把正交正放类网架结构简化为构造上正交异性的夹层板,采用考虑剪切变形的具有三个广义位移的平板弯曲理论进行分析。基于分解刚度思想对三类屋面网架(正放四角锥网架、两向正交正放网架和正放抽空四角锥网架)进行了静力分析和固有振动分析,对三类竖向承重网架墙体进行了稳定性分析,给出了简便实用的计算公式。通过与有限元法分析结果的对比,表明了本文提出的方法作为一种简化的计算方法,其精度是比较高的,绝大多数的误差都小于5%,可以应用于工程结构的初步设计。此外,与其他的简化计算方法相比它的精度比较高而且计算过程大大简化了。     

Spectral Response of a Stochastic Oscillator under Impacts

An approximate analytical procedure is presented to estimate theresponse spectrum of an oscillator with elastic impacts under a Gaussian whitenoise excitation. The proposed approach is based on a perturbation analysis ofthe problem and on the use of the stochastic averaging principle. The basicidea is to replace the initial system by a more regular system obtained byapproximating the nonlinear restoring force by a Chebychev polynomial, and thento construct for this regular system two approximations: one for the flowand one for the stationary distribution of the response amplitude. Ananalytical approximation of the response spectrum can then be derived fromthese results. Predictions from this analytical approximation are compared with corresponding digital simulation estimates and with the ones obtained from theconventional equivalent linearization method.     

Sensitivity‐guided decision‐making for wind farm micro‐siting

This paper presents a quantitative risk assessment for design and development of a renewable energy system to support decision‐making among design alternatives. Throughout the decision‐making phases, resources are allocated among exploration and exploitation tasks to manage the uncertainties in design parameters and to adapt designs to new information for enhanced performance. The resource allocation problem is formulated as a sequential decision feedback loop for a quantitative analysis of exploration and exploitation trade‐offs. We support decision‐making by tracking the evolution of uncertainties, the sensitivity of design alternatives to the uncertainties, and the performance, reliability, and robustness of each design. This is achieved by analyzing the uncertainties in the wind resource, the turbine performance and operation, and the models that define the power curve and wake deficiency. Comparison of the performance, reliability, and robustness of aligned and staggered turbine layouts before and after wind assessment experiments aids in improving micro‐siting decisions. The results demonstrate that design decisions can be supported by efficiently allocating resources towards improved estimates of achievable design objectives and by quantitatively assessing the risk in meeting those objectives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress analysis of functionally graded rotating discs: analytical and numerical solutions

This study deals with stress analysis of annular rotating discs made of functionally graded materials(FGMs).Elasticity modulus and density of the discs are assumed to vary radially according to a power law function,but the material is of constant Poisson’s ratio.A gradient parameter n is chosen between 0 and 1.0.When n = 0,the disc becomes a homogeneous isotropic material.Tangential and radial stress distributions and displacements on the disc are investigated for various gradient parameters n by means of the diverse elasticity modulus and density by using analytical and numerical solutions.Finally,a homogenous tangential stress distribution and the lowest radial stresses along the radius of a rotating disc are approximately obtained for the gradient parameter n = 1.0 compared with the homogeneous,isotropic case n = 0.This means that a disc made of FGMs has the capability of higher angular rotations compared with the homogeneous isotropic disc.