薄层色谱在高速逆流色谱溶剂系统选择过程中的应用

本文对薄层色谱在高降流色谱的溶剂系统选择过程中的应用进行了研究，发现根据薄层色谱的斑点色度可以观察样品中各组分的含量差别及其在两相溶剂中分配系数间的差异，由此来判断溶剂系统的适用性，并确定哪一层适宜作流动相。     

Isolation of N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-Substituted Flavanols from White Tea Using Centrifugal Countercurrent Chromatography Off-Line ESI-MS Profiling and Semi-Preparative Liquid Chromatography

N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavanols (EPSF) are marker compounds for long-term stored white teas. However, due to their low contents and diasteromeric configuration, EPSF compounds are challenging to isolate. In this study, two representative epimeric EPSF compounds, 5′′′R- and 5′′′S-epigallocatechin gallate-8-C N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (R-EGCG-cThea and S-EGCG-cThea), were isolated from white tea using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Two different biphasic solvent systems composed of 1. N-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:5:1:5, v/v/v/v) and 2. N-hexane-ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (0.7:3.0:1.3:5.0, v/v/v/v) were used for independent pre-fractionation experiments; 500 mg in each separation of white tea ethyl acetate partition were fractionated. The suitability of the two solvent systems was pre-evaluated by electrospray mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analysis for metabolite distribution and compared to the results of the CPC experimental data using specific metabolite partition ratio K_D values, selectivity factors α, and resolution factors R_S. After size-exclusion and semi-preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography, 6.4 mg of R-EGCG-cThea and 2.9 mg of S-EGCG-cThea were recovered with purities over 95%. Further bioactivity evaluation showed that R- and S-EGCG-cThea possessed in vitro inhibition effects on α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ of 70.3 and 161.7 μM, respectively.     

高效毛细管电泳在高速逆流色谱的溶剂系统选择过程的应用

对高产毛细管电泳在高速逆流色谱溶剂系统选择过程的应用进行了研究。应用高效毛细管电泳分析高速逆流色谱溶剂系统两相中样品的组成，可以利用其高的分辨率使各组分得到良好的分离，并且容易定量，有利于迅速了解各组分在两相溶剂中的分配情况。根据各组分的相对含量变化判断溶剂系统的适用性，具有实际意义。     

用亲水性的C16硅胶反相色谱柱分离测定血清样品中的雌激素

将亲水性较强的C16硅胶反相色谱柱应用于血清样品中β-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮和17α-乙炔基雌二醇的分离。实验对分离条件进行了优化,得到的最佳色谱条件是：柱温40℃,流速1mL／min,以40％乙腈水溶液作等度洗脱。在此条件下．4种雌激素可在大约26min内实现基线分离,得到的4个色谱峰峰型对称。分离后的4种雌激素用紫外检测器在200nm处进行测定,方法对β-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮和17α-乙炔基雌二醇的检出限分别为0．024、0．015、0．012和0．016mg/L;校正曲线的线性范围为2-3个数量级,相关系数为0．998以上。方法应用于血清样品的测定,β-雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮和17α-乙炔基雌二醇的标准加入回收率分别为96．3％、103．7％、100．1％和95．2％。     

Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Cuscuta Campestris by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

Plant-derived antioxidant compounds have the potential to prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. As a holoparasitic plant, Cuscuta campestris Yuncker is being valorized for treatment of liver injury and cancer prevention in traditional medicine. The main purpose of this present study is to elucidate the antioxidant- and anticancer-associated contents of C. campestris by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, n-butanol, and water were used as extraction solvents to reach a wide range of secondary metabolites synthesized by this plant. Antioxidant potentials of these extracts were characterized by (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)-free radical scavenging activity. Their anticancer activities were evaluated on SNU-398 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and controlled on the normal adult human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) cells. Their phenolic compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector to illuminate the responsible anticancer agent(s). The ethyl acetate extract revealed the most significant antioxidant effect. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were found to be cytotoxic on the SNU-398 cell lines with CC₅₀ values of 18.7 and 19.6?µg?mL^?1, respectively, whereas these extracts were not cytotoxic to the adult hDFs cells. Due to their abundance in the extracts, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin may have caused this anticancer activity. Methanol extract has the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. Based on chromatographic analyses, we propose that these anticancer effects were positively correlated with plant phenolic compounds. The results showed that this plant is worth further study for its therapeutic uses.     

Determination of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Vegetable Oil and Oil-Enriched Foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

Three synthetic phenolic antioxidants, tertiary butyl hydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, and butylated hydroxyanisole, were determined in vegetable oil and oil-enriched food by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. The separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and gradient elution with methanol and 1% acetic acid. The limits of detection and quantification of the analytes were 2–120 lower, higher than those obtained by diode-array detection. The recoveries were 103.3% for tertiary butyl hydroquinone, 97.3% for butylated hydroxyanisole, and 95.2% for butylated hydroxytoluene. The results showed that HPLC with electrochemical detection is suitable for the quantification of low concentrations of phenolic antioxidants in vegetable oil and oil-enriched food with high sensitivity and accuracy.     

Determination of Capsaicinoids in Red Pepper Products from South Korea by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

This study aimed at determining the concentrations of the major capsaicinoids, namely, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, in commonly consumed red pepper products from South Korea. The capsaicinoids were extracted with 95% methanol and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with florescence detection. The analytical method was validated by quality assurance parameters such as the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, and accuracy. Satisfactory results were obtained in accordance to the specified criteria for application of analytical techniques in food. The concentration of capsaicinoids was the highest for red pepper powder (4.18–139.4?mg/100?g), followed by gochujang (0.93–23.20?mg/100?g), kimchi (0.05–1.16?mg/100?g), and sliced kimchi (0.06–0.88?mg/100?g). Comparing the capsaicinoid contents in samples from different production areas, no significant differences were found. This research concluded that the capsaicinoid content of red pepper products provided valuable information regarding the samples.     

Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Siparuna glycycarpa n-Butanol Extract with Inhibitory Activity against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC)

Siparuna glycycarpa occurs in the Amazon region, and some species of this genus are used in Brazilian folk medicine. A recent study showed the inhibitory effect of this species against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and in order to acquire active fractions, a polar solvent system n-butanol-methanol-water (9:1:10, v/v) was selected and used for bioassay-guided fractionation of n-butanol extract by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The upper phase was used as stationary phase and the lower phase as mobile (descending mode). Among the collected fractions, the ones coded SGA, SGC, SGD, and SGO showed the highest antiviral inhibition levels (above 74%) at 100 µg·mL⁻¹ after 24 h of infection. The bioactive fractions chemical profiles were investigated by LC-HRMS/MS data in positive and negative ionization modes exploring the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform to build a molecular network. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were annotated in the fractions coded SGA, SGC, and SGD collected during elution step. Aporphine alkaloids, O-glycosylated flavonoids, and dihydrochalcones in SGO were acquired with the change of mobile phase from lower aqueous to upper organic. Benzylisoquinolinic and aporphine alkaloids as well as glycosylated flavonoids were annotated in the most bioactive fractions suggesting this group of compounds as responsible for antiviral activity.     

Determination of Tetracyclines in Honey Using Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Absorbance Detection and Residue Confirmation by Mass Spectrometry

A determination method has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous analysis of tetracycline （TC）, oxytetracycline （OTC）, chlortetracycline （CTC） and doxycycline （DC） in honey. Tetracyclines （TCs） were removed from honey samples by chelation with metal ions bound to small Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow columns and eluted with Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine pH 4.0 buffers. Extracts were further cleaned up by Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction （SPE）, while other solid-phase extraction cartridges were compared. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a polar end-capped C 18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of oxalic acid, acetonitrile and methanol. LC with ultraviolet absorbance at 355 nm resulted in the quantitation of all four tetracycline residues from honey samples fortified at 15, 50, and 100 ng/g, with liner ranges for tetracyclines of 0.05 to 2 μg/mL. Mean recoveries for tetracyclines were greater than 50% with R.S.D. values less than 10% （n= 18）. Detection limits of 5, 5, 10, 10 ng/g for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline, respectively and quantitation limits of 15 ng/g for all the four tetracyclines were determined. Direct confirmation of the four residues in honey （2-50 ng/g） was realized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC/MS/MS）. The linear ranges of tetracyclines determined by LC/MS/MS were between 5 to 300 ng/mL, with the linear correlation coefficient r〉 0.995. The limits of detection of 1 to 2 ng/g were obtained for the analysis of the TCs in honey.     

牛血清白蛋白中氨基酸的高效液相色谱荧光测定及质谱鉴定

利用新型荧光试剂1,2苯-并-3,4二-氢咔唑-9乙-基氯甲酸酯(BCEOC)作为柱前衍生化试剂,在Hypersil BDS C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)反相色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱对氨基酸衍生物进行了分离检测。检测的激发和发射波长分别为λex=333 nm,λem=390 nm。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI Source),实现了牛血清白蛋白中氨基酸的定性测定。荧光定量检测的线性回归系数均大于0.999;检出限为6.3~117.6 fmo。l     

Determination of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Capacity of Ximenia parviflora Benth. var. parviflora (Olacaceae) Fruit by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

The total phenolic and flavonoid content, phenolic composition, and in vitro antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts of Ximenia parviflora Benth. var. parviflora fruits collected at Zinaparo, Michoacan (in central Mexico) were determined. Fruit extracts present a high scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] radicals (71.49?±?0.11% and 85.00?±?1.29% inhibition, respectively). The four phenolic compounds identified in fruit extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin. X. parviflora fruits may be used as a starting material for the extraction of high value antioxidant phenolic compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and dietary supplement industries.     

不粘锅涂层中全氟辛酸及其盐的快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了不粘锅涂层中全氟辛酸(PFOA)及其盐残留量的气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱（GC/NCI-MS）测定方法。样品经快速溶剂萃取仪提取及衍生化处理后进行GC/NCI-MS测定。PFOA的定量检测限为5 μg/kg;4个添加水平的平均回收率为90.9%~96.2%,相对标准偏差为1.37%~6.37%。该方法提取时间短,提取效率高,衍生化步骤简单,杂质干扰小,灵敏度高,适用性强。     

美白化妆品中杜鹃醇的超高效液相色谱荧光检测及质谱确证

采用超高效液相色谱结合荧光检测建立了美白化妆品中杜鹃醇的分析方法,并采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行确证。化妆品试样以5%三氯乙酸-乙腈混合溶液(70∶30)超声提取15 min,离心过膜后,采用通用型的反相C18色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈(75∶25)为流动相,荧光检测器(λex/λem=280nm/315 nm)检测,外标法定量;质谱确证采用水(含0.01%氨水)和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式电离,多反应监测模式检测。结果显示,杜鹃醇在0.05~1.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 6,方法的定量下限为2.5 mg/kg。面膜、乳霜、乳液和爽肤水等样品在加标浓度为5.0,10,25 mg/kg时的回收率为86.5%~103.4%,RSD(n=6)为1.1%~3.4%。该方法简便、灵敏,加标回收率和重现性良好,可用于化妆品中杜鹃醇的检测及其含量水平的普查。