平面撞击流偏斜振荡的实验研究与大涡模拟

采用实验和大涡模拟对喷嘴出口雷诺数(Re= U₀ hρ/μ, 其中 U₀为出口平均速度, h为平面喷嘴出口狭缝高度, ρ和 μ分别为流体的密度与动力黏度)为25–10000, 喷嘴间距 L为4h–40h范围内的平面撞击流偏斜振荡特性进行了研究. 通过对平面撞击流模拟和实验的结果进行比较, 验证了数值模拟的可靠性, 并对平面撞击流发生偏斜振荡的无因次参数(喷嘴间距 L/h与出口雷诺数 Re)范围进行划分, 重点考察了湍流平面撞击流的偏斜振荡周期及速度-压力变化特征. 研究结果表明大涡模拟能对平面撞击流的偏斜振荡进行有效预报; 当平面撞击流发生周期性偏斜振荡时, 特定点的压力与速度也发生周期性变化, 且变化周期与偏斜振荡周期一致, 偏斜振荡本质上是由速度-压力的周期性变化和转换引起的. 关键词： 平面撞击流 偏斜振荡 大涡模拟     

圆形射流中心线上小尺度湍流的统计特性及其受高频噪声的影响

本文采用热线风速仪测量了出口雷诺数为Re (≡ U_jd/ν) = 20100的圆形射流的中心线轴向速度,其中U_j为动量平均出口速度,d为喷嘴出口直径,ν为运动黏性系数.在有效去除热线测量数据中的高频噪声后,作者对射流中心线上小尺度湍流统计量的变化规律进行了系统的分析.研究发现,射流在经过一定距离的发展后,其小尺度统计量逐渐进入自相似状态,湍动能平均耗散率ε随下游距离的增加以指数形 关键词： 恒温热线 圆形湍射流 耗散率 小尺度     

雷诺数对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响

本文研究雷诺数(Re)对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响.实验在射流出口雷诺数为 Re = 4050—20100 的范围内进行,分别测量了射流出口、中心线的平均及湍流流场以及部分径向剖面速度分布.所有测量均采用单热线恒温热线风速仪进行高频采样,所测流场范围在轴向上为 0—30d(这里d为射流出口直径).虽然出口速度分布均为"平顶帽"形,但测量结果依然反映出Re对射流出口以及下游流场有强烈的影响.当Re小于临界值(～10000)时 关键词： 雷诺数 圆形射流 热线风速仪     

关于MgB2/Al2O3超导薄膜电阻转变和各向异性的研究

利用电子束蒸发方法将MgB₂超导薄膜沉积到Al₂O₃(001)衬底上.采用标准的四引线法研究了磁场平行和垂直超导薄膜ab平面下的电阻转变.一个激活能模型 U(T,H)=U₀(1-T/(T_c+δ))ⁿ(1-H/H 关键词： 2/Al₂O₃')" href="#">MgB₂/Al₂O₃ 超导体 电阻转变 各向异性     

Influences of initial velocity, diameter and Reynolds number on a circular turbulent air/air jet

This paper assesses the suitability of the inflow Reynolds number defined by Re_o ≡ U_oD/ν (here U_o and D are respectively the initial jet velocity and diameter while ν is kinematic viscosity) for a round air/air jet. Specifically an experimental investigation is performed for the influences of U_o, D and Re_o on the mean-velocity decay and spread coefficients (K_u, K_r) in the far field of a circular air jet into air from a smoothly contracting nozzle. Present measurements agree well with those previously obtained under similar inflow conditions. The relations K_u ∝ U_o and K_r ∝ 1/U_o for U_o < 5 m/s appear to work, while each coefficient approaches asymptotically to a constant for U_o > 6 m/s, regardless of the magnitudes of Re_o and D. It is revealed that Re_o may not be an appropriate dimensionless parameter to characterize the entire flow of a free air/air jet. This paper is the first paper that has challenged the suitability of Re_o for turbulent free jets.     

Cu1-xHxZr2(PO4)3中Cu2+的EPR谱和局域结构研究

本文采用Cu²⁺斜方对称电子顺磁共振（EPR）参量的高阶微扰公式计算了晶体Cu_1-xH_xZr₂（PO₄）₃中Cu²⁺的EPR参量（g因子和超精细结构常数A因子）．计算结果表明,晶体Cu_1-xH_xZr₂（PO₄）₃中[CuO₆]^10-基团的Cu-O键长分别为R_||≈0.241 nm,R_⊥≈0.215 nm,平面键角τ≈80.1°;由于对称性降低,中心金属离子基态²A_1g（θ）和²A_1g（ε）有一定程度混合,混合系数α≈0.995．所得EPR谱图的理论计算值与实验数据符合得很好．     

稠苯芳杂环及其烷基质子化学位移的计算

本文提出了予测稠苯芳杂环及其烷基链上质子化学位移的计算方法。 将稠苯芳杂环化合物用凯库勒式表示,计算式为为需考虑的苯环内的乙烯基效应。σ_mi,ci为各苯环的环流效应。σ_1,Hc为各芳杂环的屏蔽效应,对杂环上质子它就是该单独芳杂环上相应质子的δ值,对苯环上质子要将它分解为各结构因素的效应,即:σ_1,He=(1/2)^d-1δ_x=y(或σ_z)+σ_c-c·σ_m,H. σ_x-y与σ_z为杂原子或其基团的屏蔽效应,σ_c=c为存在于芳杂环中的乙烯基的效应,σ_m,Hc为芳杂环的环流效应,d为对不同质子所考虑的键数。有取代基时需考虑取代基的效应。计算环上烷基质子的公式为:δ=σ_p,CH3+ασ_c,CH3+βσ_t,CH3+σ_l,G σ_l,G为稠苯芳杂环基的某级效应。     

确定等价电子杨盘基的等概率比对方法

给出了等价电子正则杨盘T^［λ］_ig的基本对称算子、完全对称算子概念,同时给出了这些对称算子作用于任一Slater函数_i所产生的根态、生成态概念.由正交归一化杨盘T^［λ］_ie的纵置换算子A^［λ］_ie的构造规则,给出了A^［λ］_ie中存在的对称算子和确定T^［λ］_ie的等概率比对方法,从而基本避免了牵涉到许多算子的极其复杂的代数,给出了求解N值较大的电子系统杨盘基问题的新方法. 关键词： 正则杨盘 对称算子 根态 等概率比对方法     

多晶Mn1-xCux(0.1≤x≤0.3)合金的磁诱发应变

采用X射线衍射分析、显微形貌观察、差示扫描量热法、标准电阻应变计法等实验方法,研究了室温下多晶Mn_1-xCu_x(0.1≤x≤0.3,原子分数)合金在低磁场中的磁诱发应变性能.结果表明,Mn_1-xCu_x合金经过长时间的固溶处理,在冷却过程中会出现fcc(γ)→fct(γ’)马氏体相变,形成(γ+γ 关键词： 磁诱发应变 MnCu合金 马氏体相变     

H掺杂α-Fe2O3的第一性原理研究

α-Fe₂O₃是一种重要的磁性半导体材料, 在电子器件中应用广泛, 具有重要的研究意义. 本文基于密度泛函理论, 采用GGA+U方法, 应用第一性原理对间隙H掺杂前后的六方相α-Fe₂O₃的晶格常数、态密度、Bader 电荷分布进行了计算分析. 研究了U值对结果的影响, 发现U=6 eV时, 体相α-Fe₂O₃的晶胞平衡体积、Fe原子磁矩、带隙值与实验值最符合. 在选取合适U值后, 第一性原理计算结果表明, H掺杂后, 间隙H部分被氧化, 其最近邻的Fe 和O部分被还原, H和O有一定程度的成键. 在费米面附近, 出现了新的杂化能级, 杂化能级扩展了价带顶的宽度, 同时导带底下移, 引起带隙减小, 表明H掺杂是一种有效的能带结构调控方法.     

平面射流沿轴线的特征尺度及其对测量信号过滤程度的依赖

对出口雷诺数约为13000的湍流平面射流瞬时速度(u)测量信号(u_m)进行高频过滤研究. 在分析了高频噪声对u测量精度的影响后,使用Mi等人 (2005, Phys. Rev. E 71, 066304)提出的快速收敛迭代法对u_m进行了数值过滤,并考察过滤前后统计湍流量的变化. 结果发现,噪声的存在不仅对湍流小尺度统计量的估算影响显著,也对与大尺度关联的量产生一定的影响. 在有效去除噪声造     

Flow Characteristics of Flapping Motion of a Plane Water Jet Impinging onto Free Surface

A submerged turbulent plane jet in shallow water impinging vertically onto the free surface will produce a large-scale flapping motion when the jet exit velocity is larger than a critical one. The flapping phenomenon is verified in this paper through a large eddy simulation where the free surface is modeled by volume of fluid approach. The quantitative results for flapping jet are found to be in good agreement with available experimental data in terms of mean velocity, flapping-induced velocity and turbulence intensity. Results show that the flapping motion is a new flow pattern with characteristic flapping frequency for submerged turbulent plane jets, the mean centerline velocity decay is considerably faster than that of the stable impinging jet without flapping motion, and the flapping-induced velocities are as important as the turbulent fluctuations.     

Influence of initial conditions at the nozzle exit on the structure of round jet

Experimental data concerning the influence of initial conditions at the nozzle exit on the structure and development characteristics of round jets are reported. Features in the development of laminar and turbulent round jets emanating from variously elongated nozzles at identical Reynolds numbers are revealed. Smoke visualization pictures obtained for jets formed under different initial conditions (with different distributions of mean and pulsating flow velocities at the nozzle exit) are discussed. It is shown possible to make the zone of laminar flow in the jet stream more extended, and to delay the jet turbulization process in space, by making the flow-velocity profile more parabolic at the exit of elongated nozzle. Features in the development of vortical structures in a jet under an acoustic action are identified. It is shown that, for a turbulent round jet to be produced right at the nozzle exit, the nozzle length must be increased in excess of a certain value so that to provide for spatial growth of turbulent boundary layer thickness, finally ending in the formation of a fully turbulent flow velocity profile across the channel. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 08-01-00027), the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (project RNP 2.1.2.3370), and by the grants of President of the Russian Federation (NSH-454.2008.1 and. MK-420.2008.1).     

Interaction of two parallel plane jets of different velocities

The interaction of two parallel plane jets of different velocities is studied by flow visualization and PIV measurement to examine the influence of velocity ratio on the development ofjets in the initial region. It is found that the parallel plane jets develop toward the high velocity side and the jet width is reduced with a decrease in the jet velocity ratio. Corresponding to the variation of mean velocity field to the velocity ratio, the magnitudes of turbulence intensities, Reynolds stress and static pressure are weakened in the merging region of the jets and their peak locations of the properties are shifted to the high velocity side. These results indicate that the interaction of two parallel jets is weakened with a decrease in the velocity ratio of the jets.     

Mean and fluctuating velocity fields of a diamond turbulent jet

The present paper reports the first investigation on a turbulent jet issuing from a diamond orifice(hereafter termed a "diamond jet") with an aspect ratio of 1.7.Velocity measurements were conducted in the transitional region,and the exit Reynolds number of the jet was 50000.For comparison,a round jet with identical normalized boundary conditions was also measured.It is shown that the diamond jet decays and spreads faster than the round jet does over the measured flow region.The axis-switching phenomenon is observed in the diamond jet.Although both jets display primary coherent structures in the near field,these structures are found to break down more rapidly in the diamond jet,due to the higher three-dimensionality of the flow.Moreover,the streamwise components of the Reynolds normal stress and all the shear stresses reach their maxima around the location of the maximal mean shear while the maxima of the lateral components of the Reynolds normal stresses occur around the centreline of the jet.     

Experimental and computational visualization and frequency measurements of the jet oscillation inside a fluidic oscillator

PIV measurements and computational simulations (2D, unsteady Navier-Stokes) are performed to visualize the inherently unsteady jet oscillation inside a fluidic oscillator. Both the measurements and computations are obtained for a jet exit Reynolds number of 321, based on the maximum velocity and the nozzle width at the jet exit plane. The computed jet oscillation frequency is in close agreement with the measured PIV frequency. Formation of a pressure gradient across the jet is observed from the computations. The variation of the jet oscillation frequency with jet exit Reynolds number is also determined by single sensor hot-wire measurements inside the oscillation chamber.     

A study in the developing region of square jet

The developing region of a turbulent square jet is investigated using high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV). The mean velocity and turbulence stresses are presented in various horizontal planes, along the jet centerline covering the initial region of the jet as well as the transition to the self-similar region. To study the flow structure away from the central plane, velocity measurements in two additional horizontal planes, one located halfway from the jet central plane toward the edge and the other at the edge of the square jet, are also examined. Analysis of the instantaneous velocity fields reveal the presence of an arrow-like feature in the square jet due to the higher instability generated in the jet shear layer compared with a round jet. To elucidate the imprints of the vortex structures present in the jets, a swirling strength-based vortex identification methodology is applied on a large ensemble of instantaneous velocity fields. Statistical analysis of the number of vortex cores, and their size and rotational strength in the measurement plane is undertaken. Vortex population at the edge was found to be very different compared with that in the central plane.     

Particle Mass Loading Effect on a Two-Phase Turbulent Downward Jet Flow

The particle mass loading effect on the flow structure of a two-phase turbulent jet flow was studied. A particle mass loading ratio ranging from 0 to 3.6 was used as the control parameter. The polystyrene solid particles used had nominal diameters of 210 and 780 μm. The flow Reynolds number, which was based on the pipe nozzle diameter and the fluid-phase centerline mean velocity, was 2 × 10⁴ in the current test. A two-color laser Doppler anemometer (LDA), combined with the amplitude discrimination method and the velocity filter method, was employed to measure the mean velocity distributions for the particle and fluid phases, and the turbulent intensities and Reynolds stresses of the flow. The two-phase jet flow field was measured from the initial pipe exit to 90 D downstream. Another one-component He? Ne laser LDA system was also applied to obtain the energy spectra and temporal correlations of the two-phase jet flow.