基于DSP + FPGA的PMSM控制系统设计与实现

面向低轨卫星载荷测试中可灵活配置和小体积宽带信号模拟的需求,采用了AD9361和Zynq-7000构成了信号模拟系统,AD9361射频捷变芯片具有宽带、小型化特点,基于SOC架构设计的Zynq-7000运行Linux操作系统,可完成低轨卫星轨道的位置、速度以及卫星接收信号的多普勒值计算,Zynq-7000通过寄存器实现对AD9361射频捷变芯片参数配置,同时将接收信号多普勒值计算结果通过AXI总线实时设置AD9361射频捷变参数可实现70MHz至6GHz低轨卫星载荷接收信号的模拟。论文给出了基于Zynq-7000芯片Linux操作系统下实时轨道参数和信号参数计算的流程和结果,测试了AD9361射频捷变芯片模拟生成的低轨卫星载荷接收信号性能参数。     

A LUT-based scheme for LNA linearization in direct RF sampling receivers

Direct RF sampling receiver – a fully digital receiver architecture – undoubtedly becomes a favored choice for HF/VHF as this approach inherently bypasses the legacy nonlinearities caused by analog components. In DRF-RF and wideband multichannel in general, LNA is still an indispensable component to ensure the receiver’s sensitivity. However, with the presence of multiple channels, the total RF power often surpasses the linear threshold that LNA and the amplified signal become severely distorted. This paper proposed a method for mitigating the LNA distortion using the look-up table (LUT) approach. Specifically, our receiver is designed with two modes of operation. In training mode, a built-in signal circuit generates a training signal for extracting the LNA characteristic and eventually reconstructs the inverse LNA nonlinear model in the form of a LUT memory. During the receiving mode, a linearization circuit reverses the distortion impact by matching the RF power level with the inverse nonlinear model pre-stored in the LUT. The effectiveness of the proposed distortion compensation method first is evaluated by a MATLAB simulation with a multi-channel DRF-RF model. The simulation results show that the proposed approach significantly improved the SNDR for the channel of interest. Furthermore, the model has been practically verified, where the actual distorted signals are sampled from a commercial LNA (ZFL-500LN+) by a customized FPGA board. Results from measurements show an improvement of $\sim$7 dB for SNDR and 27% for EVM in a strong distortion scenario of QPSK modulation signal.     

面向超短波接收机射频前端的电磁脉冲效应仿真与效应分级方法

针对接收机射频前端在电磁脉冲环境作用下的电磁损伤过程模拟问题,以超短波接收机为具体研究对象,基于超外差式接收机电路功能模型,采用Verilog-a和SPICE网表联合建模方法,建立了射频前端低噪声放大器（LNA）电磁脉冲效应仿真模型(Extended LNA Model),并通过S参数仿真和瞬态仿真验证了LNA电磁脉冲效应模型具备正常功能仿真能力;为验证该模型的电磁脉冲损伤模拟能力,以标准电磁脉冲波形作为激励,以偶极子天线作为简化的天线前门耦合通道,在不同强度电磁脉冲作用下,接收机中频电路信号输出表现出了无影响、干扰、损毁的电磁脉冲效应过程,说明了建模方法的有效性;最后以EMP-天线耦合电压峰值作为阈值指标,分析得到了超短波接收机不同电磁脉冲效应等级对应的电压峰值阈值数据。     

基于Labview的快循环扫频信号相位差测量算法实现

为了实现对中国散裂中子源(CSNS)/快循环同步加速器(RCS)射频系统中高频加速电压和束流两个同步变化的快循环扫频信号之间相位差的精确测量,需要选择合适的信号采集方案与相位差测量算法。介绍了常用的同频信号相位差测量算法,讨论了不同相位差测量算法的特点与适用性;详细描述了快速傅里叶变换(FFT)交叉谱法与加余弦窗FFT插值法两种相位差测量算法的原理。为了研究这两种算法在扫频信号测量中的适用性,利用NI的虚拟仪器技术以及Labview图形化编程技术,搭建扫频信号相位差测量系统,对这两种相位差测量算法进行仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,加余弦窗FFT插值算法可以满足快循环扫频信号相位差测量精度的要求。     

电容式射频微机电系统开关损耗机制

插入损耗是射频微机电系统 (RF MEMS) 开关的关键性能指标之一。电容式RF MEMS开关是一种适合高频应用的开关器件,对其损耗机制进行了研究。电容式RF MEMS开关的射频损耗主要包括四部分:信号线的导体损耗、衬底损耗、辐射损耗以及MEMS桥损耗。对电容式RF MEMS开关建立了损耗模型并进行了数值计算,同时在HFSS有限元软件中进行了电磁仿真,数值计算结果和有限元仿真结果较好的吻合。此外,对影响电容式RF MEMS开关插入损耗的因素进行了分析,结果表明,高阻抗的衬底、200 m左右的导体宽度、较小的导体厚度以及较小的up态电容能够降低开关的插入损耗,提高开关的射频性能。     

电容式RF MEMS开关自热效应的多物理场协同仿真北大核心CSCD

随着信号输入功率的升高,电容式RF MEMS开关会发生自热效应使膜片变形,引起开关气隙高度的改变,导致开关驱动电压漂移,严重影响其可靠性。由于自热效应的失效机理涉及到复杂的多物理场耦合,因此提出了“电磁-热-应力”的多物理场协同仿真方法描述其失效模式,并分析其失效机理。首先利用HF-SS软件建立开关的电磁仿真模型,得到不同输入功率下膜片的耗散功率;再以此作为热源,利用ePhysics软件建立开关的热仿真模型,得到膜片上的温度分布;然后将温度梯度作为载荷,利用ePhysics软件建立开关的应力仿真模型,得到开关的形变行为;最后,根据膜片形变所致的气隙高度变化,得到驱动电压漂移的失效预测模型。以一种具有矩形膜片结构的典型电容式RFMEMS开关为例,利用该方法得到：矩形膜片表面电流密度主要分布在膜片的长边的边缘;温度沿膜片长边逐渐降低,且膜片中心处温度最高、锚点处温度最低;膜片的热应力变形呈马鞍面形,且最大形变点发生在膜片长边的边缘处,仿真还得到0~5 W输入功率下膜片的最大形变量;并拟合出了0~5W输入功率下的开关驱动电压-输入功率漂移曲线,该曲线具有线性特征并与文献实测数据极为吻合,由此证明了该方法的有效性。     

Diffusion in porous building materials with high internal magnetic field gradients

An algorithm to calculate NMR signals of a multi-echo pulse sequence with arbitrary position dependent B0 and B1 fields taking into account relaxation and spin-diffusion is presented. The multi-echo pulse sequence consists of an initial RF pulse ("90 degrees " RF pulse) and a series of L refocusing RF pulses with arbitrary phases and flip-angles. The calculation is exact and takes into account all the magnetization pathways that contribute to the signal on a predefined spatial grid. The theoretical prediction is verified experimentally using a high field NMR microscopy system. The algorithm was implemented in a simulation program in order to optimize the design of an inside-out MR intra-vascular catheter that is used for characterization of vessel wall tissue. Measured data obtained with the catheter are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of the simulation.     

Acoustic features based on auditory model and adaptive fractional Fourier transform for speech recognition

It is well known that auditory system of human beings has excellent performance which automatic speech recognition(ASR) systems can’t match,and fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) has unique advantages in non-stationary signal processing.In this paper,the Gammatone filterbank is applied to speech signals for front-end temporal filtering,and then acoustic features of the output subband signals are extracted based on fractional Fourier transform. Considering the critical effect of transform order for FrFT,an order adaptation method based on the instantaneous frequency is proposed,and its performance is compared with the method based on ambiguity function.ASR experiments are conducted on clean and noisy Putonghua digits,and the results show that the proposed features achieve significantly higher recognition rate than the MFCC baseline,and the order adaptation method based on instantaneous frequency has much lower complexity than that based on ambiguity function.Further more,the FrFT-based features achieve the highest recognition rate using the proposed order adaptation method.     

Carrier generation and IF signal up-conversion using optical injection locking and stimulated Brillouin scattering

We theoretically investigate the intermediate frequency (IF) signal up-conversion with dual modes modulation (DMM) and single-mode modulation (SMM) of two single sideband (SSB) modulation modes for radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems. The simulation results indicate that the SMM can overcome the dispersion-induced power penalties of the generated carrier and up-converted IF signals. Then, we experimentally demonstrate an approach for RF carrier generation with SSB modulation and IF signal up-conversion with SMM using a combination of direct modulation in an injection-locked distributed feedback (DFB) laser and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the numerical simulation in SMM condition, and both are in good agreement with each other. The advantages and limits of the proposed method are discussed.     

The ups and downs of Feher-style ENDOR

A new transient variation of the “Feher-style” electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) method is examined. In this technique, the passage-mode electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal is monitored following the application of a pulsed radio frequency (RF). Continuous-wave and transient proton ENDOR experiments have been conducted on the nonheme iron center from the protein nitrile hydratase. These experiments show that the transient ENDOR signal response exhibits a complex response with multiple phases in the time evolution of the ENDOR signal. Both increases and decreases in the passage-mode EPR signals are observed at different times following the RF pulse that induces an ENDOR transition. A simple model based on a packet-shifting ENDOR mechanism for a nonadiabatic passage EPR signal is proposed. This model describes many of the features seen in the transient ENDOR experiments and provides new insight into the traditional Feher-style ENDOR measurements. This new model shows that a packet-shifting mechanism can account for many of the “negative ENDOR” effects commonly seen in Feher-style ENDOR, which suggests that more exotic ENDOR mechanisms may not be required to explain these observations.     

Intensity-modulated fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on radio-frequency signal measurement

An intensity-modulated, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system based on radio-frequency (RF) signal measurement is presented. The RF signal is generated at a photodetector by two modulated optical signals reflected from the sensing FBG and a reference FBG. Wavelength shift of the sensing FBG changes intensity of the RF signal through changing the delay between the two optical signals, with temperature effect being compensated automatically by the reference FBG. It also exhibits important features including potentially high-speed measurement, low cost, and adjustable sensitivity. In the experiment, strain measurement with a maximum sensitivity of -0.34 microV/micro epsilon has been achieved.     

基于听觉模型与自适应分数阶Fourier变换的声学特征在语音识别中的应用

分数阶Fourier变换在处理非平稳信号尤其是chirp信号方面有着独特的优势,而人耳听觉系统具有自动语音识别系统难以比拟的优良性能。本文采用Gammatone听觉滤波器组对语音信号进行前端时域滤波,然后对输出的各个子带信号用分数阶Fourer变换方法提取声学特征。分数阶Fourier变换的阶数对其性能有着重要影响,本文针对子带时域信号提出了采用瞬时频率曲线拟合求取阶数的方法,并将其与采用模糊函数的方法作了比较。在干净与含噪汉语孤立数字库上的语音识别结果表明,采用新提出的声学特征得到的识别正确率相对MFCC基线系统有了显著提高;根据瞬时频率曲线搜索阶数的算法与模糊函数方法相比,计算量大大减少,并且根据该方法提取的声学特征得到了最高的平均识别正确率。      

Numerical solution to the Bloch equations:paramagnetic solutions under wideband continuous radio frequency irradiation in a pulsed magnetic field

A novel nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) experimental scheme,called wideband continuous wave NMR(WB-CW-NMR),is presented in this article.This experimental scheme has promising applications in pulsed magnetic fields,and can dramatically improve the utilization of the pulsed field.The feasibility of WB-CW-NMR scheme is verified by numerically solving modified Bloch equations.In the numerical simulation,the applied magnetic field is a pulsed magnetic field up to 80 T,and the wideband continuous radio frequency(RF) excitation is a band-limited(0.68-3.40 GHz) white noise.Furthermore,the influences of some experimental parameters,such as relaxation time,applied magnetic field strength and wideband continuous RF power,on the WB-CW-NMR signal are analyzed briefly.Finally,a multi-channel system framework for transmitting and receiving ultra wideband signals is proposed,and the basic requirements of this experimental system are discussed.Meanwhile,the amplitude of the NMR signal,the level of noise and RF interference in WB-CW-NMR experiments are estimated,and a preliminary adaptive cancellation plan is given for detecting WB-CW-NMR signal from large background interference.     

Photonic vector signal generation employing a novel optical direct-detection in-phase/quadrature-phase upconversion

This work demonstrates the feasibility of the generation of an RF direct-detection vector signal using optical in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) upconversion. The advantage of the proposed transmitter is that no electrical mixer is needed to generate the RF signal. Therefore, I/Q data of RF signals are processed at baseband at the transmitter, which is independent of the carrier frequency of the generated RF signal. A 10 Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation signal is experimentally demonstrated. Following transmission over a 50 km single-mode fiber, the power penalty is negligible. Moreover, I/Q imbalance of the proposed transmitter is studied and compensated by digital signal processing, which is both numerically and experimentally verified.     

Microwave Frequency Quadrupling Based on Distributed Feedback Laser and a Single Intensity Modulator

In this article, we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a directly modulated distributed feedback laser (DFB-LD) to generate microwave and millimeter-wave signals. The proposed scheme uses DFB-LD and intensity modulator (IM) biased at null point. A radio frequency (RF) signal from a signal generator is split into two branches and one branch directly modulates the DFB-LD, while the other branch drives the IM. Two second-order sidebands separated by four times the frequency of the input RF signal are generated. Experimental results indicated that we can generate a four-fold microwave signal with a good optical signal to noise ratio.     

光盘存储读出信道的实现

通过构建适合于硬件电路实现的读出信道数学模型以及对光存储系统中存在的噪声、抖晃和扰动的分析,在FPGA(Field programmable gate array)硬件平台上,实现了对任意二阶至四阶记录光盘读出RF(Radio frequency)信号的模拟实时连续输出。在信道模拟的硬件算法设计中,采用了四倍频的方法和基于ROM(Read-only memory)查找表的方法实现了100Mbit高速情况下的卷积运算。设计结果得到了逼真的网眼图,验证了模型的正确性,且已作为光盘系统后续信号处理模块的信源,加快了光盘系统研制开发的步伐。     

射频功率放大器经典两盒模型的最优选取

提出了一种选取射频功率放大器的最优行为模型并获取指纹特征的方法。针对Wiener模型和Hammerstein模型,提出了一种基于加权最小二乘法的最优行为模型选取方法,并给出了具体的数学分析。并对实际系统的功率放大器进行数值仿真,验证了算法的可行性及有效性,即首先根据训练集得到放大器的行为模型系数,再采用多种评判标准,通过分析测试集、训练集的误差得到最优行为模型。数值仿真结果表明:本文提出的方法能够有效地选取射频功率放大器的最优行为模型,且拟合误差较小。     

基于Bayesian估计的X射线脉冲星微弱信号检测

累积轮廓、流量和周期是X射线脉冲星辐射信号的三个重要特征,将其应用于X射线脉冲星信号检测中,提出了一种基于Bayesian估计的X射线脉冲星周期辐射信号时域检测方法.该方法以非脉冲区噪声观测为先验知识,利用X射线脉冲星辐射信号的泊松分布模型推导了信号概率密度分布函数,以该函数的累积分布函数为判据,对X射线脉冲星微弱信号进行检测,并提取位相偏移量.利用仿真数据和RXTE卫星的实测数据进行实验验证,结果表明:本文方法性能优于同类的基于高斯分布模型的检测方法,在检测信号的同时能在一定精度下给出信号位相偏移值. 关键词： 脉冲星 Bayesian估计 位相测量 时域检测     

Characteristics of thermal acoustic radiation as a source of acoustic signals

A linear dependence of the output voltage of an acoustic thermometer on the temperature difference between the source and the piezoelectric transducer is demonstrated experimentally. The constant component of the output voltage is determined by the noise temperature of the receiving device. The main feature of the thermal acoustic radiation as a source of acoustic signals is that the signal is represented not by the total thermal radiation of the object, which is proportional to the absolute temperature of the latter, but by the part of this radiation that is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and the transducer.