过冷液体钾形核初期微观动力学机理的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对液态金属钾凝固过程进行了模拟,根据凝固过程体系平均原子能量、原子成键类型和成团类型,以及均方位移和非Gauss参数等动力学参数的演化特征,对过冷熔体形核初期微观动力学机理进行了研究.结果表明:根据过冷液体钾结晶形核过程热力学、动力学和结构特性的演化规律, 其过冷温度区间可以分为两个明显不同的阶段,潜在结晶核心出现在过冷液体较低温区.过冷熔体钾在形核初期,二十面体团簇结构在α-弛豫阶段逐渐解体,同时具有体心立方(bcc)结构的潜在结晶核心逐步形成,其临界晶核包含约300个原子.     

纯铝熔体的微观动力学行为

利用反映原子多体相互作用的紧束缚模型及分子动力学计算机模拟技术,研究了液态金属Al的熔体结构与微观动力学行为。计算了纯金属熔体Al在不同温度下的双体分布函数,平均平方位移及速度自相关函数。模拟结果与实验结果吻合得很好,表明紧束缚模型能够描述纯铝熔体中原子间的相互作用     

过冷Fe85Ni15熔体的结构及动力学研究

基于嵌入原子势(EAM),采用分子动力学(MD)模拟的方法探讨了过冷液态Fe85Ni15合金的微观结构及动力学性质.对B-T结构因子(SF)与相对长度(Correlation length)的分析发现：Fe85Ni15熔体具有相分离的趋势,但不十分明显.配位数(CN)及F-Z结构因子的计算结果证实了体系的短程序对应着二十面体结构.均方位移(MSD)的计算结果表明：Fe85Ni15合金属于脆性液体.将获得的扩散激活能与其它合金系进行对比发现扩散激活能并不能反映熔体的玻璃形成能力,熔体中的二十面体结构不利于非晶的形成.     

AuCu3熔体快速冷却过程中的键对与多面体

利用分子动力学模拟技术研究了由周期性边界条件控制的375个铜原子、125个金原子组成的金属间化合物AuCu3熔体的快速冷凝过程.利用双体分布函数、键对分析技术、多面体等方法详细考察了快速凝固条件下AuCu3中微观组团随温度的演化特点.结果表明,降温至700K左右时双体分布函数第二峰发生劈裂,液态AuCu3金属中产生了非晶态,非晶转变温度约为680K;AuCu3在向非晶转变的过程中,其微观结构组态具有选择性,其中缺陷多面体随温度变化最为剧烈,而hcp与fcc结构对温度不敏感.     

液态氧化铝结构的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟液态氧化铝从2663 K到过冷温度2223 K的结构变化,通过总双体分布函数得到的液态氧化铝的原子第一、第二近邻距离与Ansell研究小组的实验结果基本一致.通过配位数和偏角分布函数的分析,液态氧化铝的局域结构主要是由氧的三重铝原子配位和铝原子四重(AlO₄)和五重(AlO₅)氧原子配位组成.没有观察到可能因铝原子高、低配位数氧原子的团簇分离而出现的液-液相变.     

过冷Fe85Ni15熔体的结构及动力学研究

基于嵌入原子势（EAM）,采用分子动力学（MD）模拟的方法探讨了过冷液态Fe₈₅Ni₁₅合金的微观结构及动力学性质.对B-T结构因子（SF）与相对长度（Correlation length）的分析发现:Fe₈₅Ni₁₅熔体具有相分离的趋势,但不十分明显.配位数（CN）及F-Z结构因子的计算结果证实了体系的短程序对应着二十面体结构.均方位移（MSD）的计算结果表明:Fe₈₅Ni₁₅合金属于脆性液体.将获得的扩散激活能与其它合金系进行对比发现扩散激活能并不能反映熔体的玻璃形成能力,熔体中的二十面体结构不利于非晶的形成.     

液态过渡金属Pd和Pt的结构与微观动力学行为

采用反映原子多体相互作用的镶嵌原子模型和有效偶势模型及分子动力学计算机模拟技术,研究了液态过渡金属Pd和Pt在熔点附近的结构与微观动力学行为。计算了Pd和Pt分别在1818和2037K时的双体分布函数、平均平方位移、自扩散系数和速度自相关函数,讨论了多体相互作用对上述各物理量的影响。结果表明,多体相互作用对液态Pd和Pt的局域结构影响较小,但对反映微观动力学行为的平均平方位移、自扩散系数和速度自相关函数的影响较大。 关键词：     

液态金属Ga急冷凝固中微观结构转变的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对液态金属Ga的快速凝固过程进行计算机模拟跟踪研究,运用HA键型指数法和原子团类型指数法分析了金属原子Ga的成键类型和形成的基本原子团结构.发现:与通常的液态金属(如Al)相反,随着温度的降低,二十面体及与二十面体相关的1551, 1541键型数目明显下降;与立方体(fcc,bcc),六角密集结构相关的1421,1422键型数目明显增加;而与菱面体相关的1321,1311键型的数目却显著增加,逐渐占据优势.最后形成一种新型的以菱面体结构为主、夹杂着立方体(fcc,bcc)、六角密集(hcp)等团簇结构所组成的非晶态结构.这正是非晶态金属Ga的g(r)曲线分裂的第二峰的顺序为前低后高,而与非晶态金属Al的g(r)曲线(其分裂的第二峰的顺序为前高后低)明显不同的微观结构上的物理根源.     

液态金属In凝固过程中微观结构转变的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对液态金属In的快速凝固过程进行计算机模拟跟踪研究.运用HA键型指 数法和原子成团类型指数法分析了金属原子In的成键类型和形成的原子团簇结构.发现：与通常的液态金属(如Al)相反，随着温度的降低，二十面体及与二十面体相关的1 551 键越来越少；与四方体，六角密堆积相关的1421，1422和1431键数目总和变化很小；而与菱 面体相关的132l，1311，1301和1201的数目却随着温度的降低而显著增加，逐渐占据优势 .最后形成一种新型的以菱面体结构为主、夹杂着立方体(fcc，bcc) 关键词： 液态金属In 微结构转变 团簇结构 分子动力学 计算机模拟     

熔体初始温度对液态金属Ni凝固过程中微观结构演变影响的模拟研究

采用量子 Sutton-Chen多体势, 对熔体初始温度热历史条件对液态金属Ni快速凝固过程中微观结构演变的影响进行了分子动力学模拟研究. 采用双体分布函数g(r)曲线、键型指数法、原子团类型指数法和三维可视化等分析方法对凝固过程中微观结构的演变进行了分析. 结果表明: 熔体初始温度对凝固微结构有显著影响, 但在液态和过冷态时的影响并不明显, 只有在结晶转变温度T_c附近才开始充分显现出来. 体系在1×10¹² K/s的冷速下, 最终均形成以1421和1422键型或面心立方(12 0 0 0 12 0)与六角密集(12 0 0 0 6 6) 基本原子团为主的晶态结构. 末态时, 不同初始温度体系中的主要键型和团簇的数目有很大的变化范围, 且与熔体初始温度的高低呈非线性变化关系. 然而, 体系能量随初始温度呈线性变化关系, 初始温度越高, 末态能量越低, 其晶化程度越高. 通过三维可视化分析进一步发现, 在初始温度较高的体系中, 同类团簇结构的原子出现明显的分层聚集现象, 随着初始温度的下降, 这种分层现象将被弥散开去. 可视化分析将更有助于对凝固过程中微观结构演变进行更为深入的研究. 关键词： 液态金属Ni 熔体初始温度 微观结构 分子动力学模拟     

Local order of liquid and supercooled zirconium by ab initio molecular dynamics

It has been suggested that icosahedral short-range order (SRO) occurs in deeply undercooled melts of pure metallic elements. We report results of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations for stable and undercooled zirconium liquids. Our results emphasize the occurrence of a local order more complex than the icosahedral one. For stable liquid, the local order is interpreted on the basis of a competition between a polytetrahedral SRO and a bcc-type SRO. We also demonstrate that a bcc-type SRO increases with the degree of undercooling.     

Icosahedral short-range order in deeply undercooled metallic melts

Experimental evidence of icosahedral short-range order in stable and deeply undercooled melts of pure metallic elements is obtained using the combination of electromagnetic levitation with neutron scattering. This icosahedral short-range order is shown to occur in the bulk metallic melt independently of the system investigated. It strongly increases with the degree of undercooling.     

Abnormal resistivity behavior of Cu–Ni and Cu–Co alloys in undercooled liquid state

The resistivity behavior of undercooled liquid Cu–Ni and Cu–Co alloys had been studied in the contactless method, to probe the structure transition in undercooled melts during the cooling process. Over the entire concentration range, linear behavior of resistivity with temperature was obtained in liquid and undercooled liquid Cu–Ni system. It implied that the formation of icosahedral order might not influence the electron scattering in undercooled liquid Cu–Ni alloys. Similar results were obtained in Cu–Co system in the vicinity of liquidus temperature. A turning point was obvious in temperature coefficient of resistivity for undercooled liquid Cu–Co alloys around the bimodal line, which was interpreted to be responsible for metastable liquid–liquid phase separation. During liquid phase separation process, resistivity decreased and the temperature coefficient of resistivity was larger than that of homogeneous melts. In combination with transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope studies on the as-solidified microstructure, this was interpreted as the formation of egg-type structure and concentration change in Cu-rich and Co-rich phases. The mechanism controlling the separation and droplets motion was also discussed in undercooled liquid Cu–Co system.     

Difference in icosahedral short-range order in early and late transition metal liquids

New short-range order data are presented for equilibrium and undercooled liquids of Ti and Ni. These were obtained from in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements of electrostatically levitated droplets. While the short-range order of liquid Ni is icosahedral, consistent with Frank's hypothesis, significantly distorted icosahedral order is observed in liquid Ti. This is the first experimental observation of distorted icosahedral short-range order in any liquid, although this has been predicted by theoretical studies on atomic clusters.     

First x-ray scattering studies on electrostatically levitated metallic liquids: demonstrated influence of local icosahedral order on the nucleation barrier

To explain the unusual stability of undercooled liquids against crystallization, Frank hypothesized that the local structures of undercooled liquids contain a significant degree of icosahedral short-range order, which is incompatible with long-range periodicity. We present here the first direct experimental demonstration of Frank's complete hypothesis, showing a correlation between the nucleation barrier and a growing icosahedral short-range order with decreasing temperature in a Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21 liquid. A new experimental facility, BESL (Beamline Electrostatic Levitation), was developed to enable the synchrotron x-ray structural studies on deeply undercooled, reactive liquids.     

Is there icosahedral ordering in liquid and undercooled metals?

The local structure of simple liquids is significantly different from that of corresponding crystalline systems. Signatures of fivefold local ordering have been previously found, but current knowledge is limited to pair distribution, leaving considerable uncertainty in the determination of the geometrical structure. New x-ray absorption experimental results on liquid and undercooled liquid copper, interpreted using an advanced data-analysis method based on multiple-scattering simulations, are shown to contain direct information on triplet correlations making feasible a reliable determination of the bond-angle distribution and fraction of nearly icosahedral configurations in liquids.     

Molecular dynamics characterization of icosahedral short range order in undercooled copper

The stability of undercooled simple metals is still an intriguing problem for materials science and technology. There is not consensus on the role played by the icosahedral short range order during undercooling. The scenario is even less clear for undercooled metals under external pressure. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations, based on an empirical tight-binding interatomic potential, are performed to explain experimental results recently obtained on liquid and undercooled liquid copper. A common neighbour analysis is used to fully characterize the icosahedral short range order in both undercooled and liquid systems. Moreover, the effect of pressure on icosahedral short range order, is addressed and rationalized. External pressure increases the probability to find atomic bonds with icosahedral symmetry both in the liquid and in the undercooled copper.     

Calculation of the structural characteristics of liquid alloys with strong component interaction

The short-range order parameters and atomic interaction energies are used in expressions for the pore concentration and mean coordination number within the first coordination sphere for liquid binary alloys. The mean interatomic distances have been calculated from measurements on the density (molar volume). Structural characteristics have been calculated for the liquid suicides of 3d transition metals (Cr, Ma, Fe, Co, Ni).Translated from Izvestiya VUZ. Fizika, No. 12, pp. 36–39, December, 1973.     

Ordering effects in disordered systems: the Au-Si system

We have characterized the short-range order in the liquid and undercooled states of Au-Si alloy at the eutectic composition using molecular dynamics simulations. The interactions are described via a modified embedded-atom model refined to take into account the liquid properties. For the eutectic liquid, the local structure is characterized by a strong Au-Si affinity, namely a well-pronounced chemical short-range order which leads to the slowing down of the formation of icosahedral local motifs in the undercooled regime. Moreover we discuss the influence of this peculiar local structure on the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase and compare our results with available experimental data.     

CO和K在Fe(110)面共吸附的高分辨电子能量损失谱研究

本工作用高分辨电子能量损失谱(HREELS)对Fe(110)面CO和K的共吸附进行了研究,发现存在三种CO吸附状态,表现为不同的C—O振动频率,当θ_k=0.03时,存在与K近程、中程和远程三种不同相互作用的CO,当θ_k=0.06时,与K远程作用的CO吸附状态消失,近程作用的CO占据主要地位,所有CO的C—O振动频率均随CO暴露量的增加向高波数方向移动,随着表面K的增多,CO—Fe振动损失峰消失。 关键词：