利用脉宽10 fs偏振控制脉冲获得孤立阿秒脉冲

利用强场近似理论开展了具有较长脉宽的偏振控制脉冲与氦原子相互作用产生高次谐波和阿秒脉冲发射的理论研究.研究发现,当具有10 fs脉冲宽度的偏振控制脉冲被用作驱动脉冲时,只要恰当地调整两束反向旋转圆偏振脉冲峰值之间的时间延迟和强度比,即使不附加二次谐波脉冲,仍然可以得到效率较高且规则分布的高次谐波平台结构,傅里叶变换后得到了175 as的孤立短脉冲.该方案一方面通过调整两束脉冲峰值之间时间延迟突破了传统偏振控制方案中要求偏振门宽度为半个光学周期的限制,另一方面通过调整两束脉冲峰值之间的强度比避免了偏振门前端多个光学周期电场引起气体介质电离不利于谐波相位匹配的弊端.     

基于FORTRAN的双色圆偏振激光场光电离的电子涡旋研究

通过求解二维含时薛定谔方程的方法研究了双色反旋圆偏振激光场中He~+光电子的电子涡旋。我们用FORTRAN语言编程模拟He~+在双色反旋圆偏振激光场中光电子动量分布,发现He~+在双色反旋圆偏振激光场中光电子动量分布呈涡旋结构,并且当改变两束激光脉冲的发射顺序时,电子旋涡也会随之发生改变。同时,我们还发现反旋激光场的电子涡旋旋向的变化受两束激光的发射顺序影响。我们利用激光场脉冲的矢势轨迹来揭示电子涡旋的变化规律。     

双色激光脉冲相位差对晶体发射高次谐波 的影响

通过数值求解双色激光场(基频场和二倍频场)与一维晶体相互作用的含时薛定谔方程,研究了晶体在双色激光脉冲驱动下发射高次谐波的特点.研究结果表明,晶体在双色激光脉冲驱动下发射的高次谐波第二平台强度相对于单色激光脉冲驱动下有显著提高,且随双色激光脉冲的相位差明显变化.进一步的研究发现,在双色激光脉冲其它参数保持不变的情况下,通过调节双色激光脉冲的相位差就能有效提高晶体发射高次谐波第二平台的产额,提高的幅度会随激光脉冲的宽度有所不同.     

任意偏振双色相干场高次谐波

系统地研究了任意偏振双色相干场高次谐波，结果表明单个圆偏振光不能产生高次谐波，在适当的条件下，某些谐波可以部分或完全消失，而某些谐波可以得到加强，产生更高次谐波高转换效率的条件是双色线偏振场的结合。     

不对称偏振控制方案中两束脉冲强度比改变对原子电离及高次谐波产生的影响

偏振控制方案用以产生阿秒脉冲,其高次谐波辐射仅发生在偏振门内的线性半个光学周期,且可得到在整个平台区及截止位置附近皆连续的谐波谱。利用Ammosov-Delone-Krainov隧穿电离理论和强场近似方法,数值模拟了偏振控制方案中两束反向旋转圆偏振脉冲之间强度比对原子的电离几率及高次谐波发射功率谱的影响。研究发现,合理控制两束脉冲的强度比,可确保原子的有效电离发生在偏振门的前1/4光学周期,这有利于得到频域上优化的高次谐波发射谱。此外,可以根据需要在强度比小于1的范围内优化选择谐波谱的截止位置和转换效率。     

利用超短紫外光源增强阿秒脉冲的强度

提出了一种利用超短紫外光源来增强阿秒脉冲强度的方法. 计算结果表明,当适当的加入一束125 nm光源到双色正交激光场时,不仅高次谐波的强度比原双色场时增强了2个数量级,而且选择单一的量子路径对谐波发射起作用,进而形成了一个152 eV的超长平台区. 随后通过激光参数的优化,发现激光脉宽和偏振角对于谐波强度的增强不太敏感. 最后,通过叠加谐波可获得脉宽仅为38 as 的孤立阿秒脉冲,其强度比原双色场情况下产生的阿秒脉冲增强了2个数量级.     

在双色场中使用相干叠加态来提高高次谐波的发射

本文提出了一种在双色场中使用相干叠加态来提高高次谐波发射效率的方法.我们首先通过在800 nm基本激光脉冲上添加一束控制激光脉冲在理论上得到双色合成激光场;其次,通过求解一维含时薛定谔方程,计算得到了体系处于不同初始态时的高次谐波谱,并结合时频分布图时其微观机理进行分析.计算结果表明,使用相干叠加态作为体系的初始态,通过调节两束激光的相对相位可以有效实现提高高次谐波的发射效率的目的.     

在双色场中使用相干叠加态来提高高次谐波的发射

本文提出了一种在双色场中使用相干叠加态来提高高次谐波发射效率的方法. 我们首先通过在800nm基本激光脉冲上添加一束控制激光脉冲在理论上得到双色合成激光场;其次,通过求解一维含时薛定谔方程,计算得到了体系处于不同初始态时的高次谐波谱,并结合时频分布图对其微观机理进行分析. 计算结果表明,使用相干叠加态作为体系的初始态,通过调节两束激光的相对相位可以有效实现提高高次谐波的发射效率的目的.     

正交偏振双色激光场作用下生成的孤立阿秒脉冲

我们理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下的高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生.当y方向加一束中红外激光脉冲(12.5 fs/2000 nm),x方向加一束强度较弱的激光脉冲(12 fs/800 nm)时,我们得到从250 eV到350 eV的超连续谐波平台,在平台范围内叠加50 eV的谐波,可以得到一个脉宽约为97as的孤立阿秒脉冲. 通过时频分析,我们解释了高次谐波发射的物理机制.     

原子发射高次谐波偏振态的调控

利用分裂算符法数值求解二维含时薛定谔方程研究了He原子在反旋双色组合激光场(由椭圆极化的基频场与圆极化的三倍频场构成)中产生高次谐波的偏振特性。研究结果表明,改变基频场的椭偏率、强度及相位可实现对高次谐波偏振态从圆偏振到椭圆偏振以及线偏振的完全调控,为实验室产生偏振态可控的紫外-软X射线光源提供了参考。     

Helicity of harmonic generation and attosecond polarization with bichromatic circularly polarized laser fields

We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation(HHG) of helium atom driven by bichromatic counterrotating circularly polarized laser fields. By changing the intensity ratio of the two driving laser fields, the spectral chirality of the HHG can be controlled. As the intensity ratio increases, the spectral chirality will change from positive-to negativevalue around a large intensity ratio of the two driving fields when the total laser intensity keeps unchanged. However, the sign of the spectral chirality can be changed from positive to negative around a small intensity ratio of the two driving fields when the total laser intensity changes. At this time, we can effectively control the helicity of the harmonic spectrum and the polarization of the resulting attosecond pulses by adjusting the intensity ratio of the two driving laser fields. As the intensity ratio and the total intensity of the driving laser fields increase, the relative intensity of either the left-circularly or right-circularly polarized harmonic can be enhanced. The attosecond pulses can evolve from being elliptical to near linear correspondingly.     

三色圆偏振激光组合脉冲驱动氦原子产生椭圆偏振的阿秒脉冲

我们提出利用频率为ω,3ω和强度较弱的2ω组成的三色圆偏振激光组合脉冲驱动氦原子能够得到椭偏率较大的阿秒脉冲链的一种方法.通过强场近似方法,计算了氦原子在两色和三色圆偏振激光组合脉冲驱动下发射高次谐波谱及其合成阿秒脉冲链,比较了氦原子(初态为s态)在这两种情况下发射高次谐波谱的特点及其合成阿秒脉冲链椭偏率的大小,结果发现,在反旋的两色ω,3ω激光脉冲基础上加入了频率为2ω的第三色激光脉冲联合作用到氦原子上,所得到的阿秒脉冲链的椭偏率相对于双圆场情况下有所增加,通过调整ω,3ω激光的强度比,并且选择适当的第三色激光的强度,对初态为s态的原子,仍能够得到具有较大椭偏率的阿秒脉冲链.     

相对论圆偏振激光与固体靶作用产生高次谐波

超短超强激光与固体靶表面等离子体相互作用可以通过高次谐波的方式产生从极紫外到软X射线波段的相干辐射,获得飞秒甚至阿秒量级的超短脉冲,可用于观测原子或分子中的电子运动等超快动力学过程.本文实验研究了相对论圆偏振飞秒激光与固体靶相互作用的高次谐波产生过程,实验结果表明,在较大入射角下,圆偏振激光也可以有效地产生高次谐波辐射.通过预脉冲控制靶表面的预等离子体密度标长,发现高次谐波的产生效率随密度标长的增加而单调下降.进一步通过二维粒子模拟程序,分析了激光的偏振以及预等离子体密度标长对高次谐波产生的影响,很好地解释了实验观测结果.     

High-order harmonic generation of the N2 molecule in two-color circularly polarized laser fields

The generation of high-order harmonics and the attosecond pulse of the N₂ molecule in two-color circularly polarized laser fields are investigated by the strong-field Lewenstein model. We show that the plateau of spectra is dramatically extended and a continuous harmonic spectrum with the bandwidth of 113 eV is obtained. When a static field is added to the x direction, the quantum path control is realized and a supercontinuum spectrum can be obtained, which is beneficial to obtain a shorter attosecond pulse. The underlying physical mechanism is well explained by the time-frequency analysis and the semi-classical three-step model with a finite initial transverse velocity. By superposing several orders of harmonics in the combination of two-color circularly polarized laser fields and a static field, an isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of 30 as can be generated.     

Rotating vectorial vortices produced by space-variant subwavelength gratings

A new class of vectorial vortex based on coherent addition of two orthogonal circularly polarized Bessel beams of identical order but with different propagation constants is presented. The transversely space-variant axially symmetric polarization distributions of these vectorial fields rotate as they propagate, while they maintain a propagation-invariant Bessel intensity distribution. These properties were demonstrated by use of discrete space-variant subwavelength gratings for 10.6 microm CO2 laser radiation. The polarization properties were verified by both full space-variant polarization analysis and measurements. Rotating intensity patterns are also demonstrated by transmitting the vectorial vortices through a linear polarizer.     

Extreme-ultraviolet harmonic generation near 13 nm with a two-color elliptically polarized laser field

Theoretical results for high-harmonic generation by a two-color elliptically polarized laser field are presented. Special emphasis is placed on coherent radiation near 13 nm in connection with the development of extreme-ultraviolet lithography. Linearly polarized radiation at this wavelength can be obtained with a linearly polarized bichromatic laser field, whereas circularly polarized radiation can be generated with a bichromatic circularly polarized field with counterrotating coplanar components. In both cases the harmonic emission efficiencies at the saturation intensity are more than 1 order of magnitude larger than for harmonic generation with a monochromatic linearly polarized field.     

Polarization conversions of diffractive wave plates based on orthogonal circular-polarization holography

A polarization holographic grating, which integrates the functions of a grating and a wave plate and is called a diffractive wave plate, is recorded by two beams(left and right circularly polarized) of a 532 nm laser in an azo polymer with a liquid-crystal structure. The polarization conversion characteristics of the diffractive wave plates are investigated with a detecting light of 650 nm by metering the polarization state of first-order diffracted light.It is confirmed that the diffractive wave plates convert the incident linear polarization into circular polarization for a linearly polarized probe laser and reverse the sense of rotation of the circular polarization when the detecting light is circularly polarized light.     

Second harmonic generation in planar chiral nanostructures

The effect of the chirality of planar spiral nanostructures on optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is studied in the paper. It is shown that the intensity of left and right circularly polarized SHG differs for structures of different handedness and the direction of the SHG polarization rotation plane is opposite for enantiomers.     

Deflections of photoelectron classical trajectories in screened Coulomb potentials of H_2~+

The photoelectron momentum distribution of H+2in circularly polarized laser fields is studied based on classical trajectory calculations. We screen Coulomb potentials at different radii, and trace trajectories of an ensemble of electrons in such screened Coulomb potentials and circularly polarized laser fields. Simulations show that electron trajectories are bent by Coulomb fields, resulting in the laser-intensity-dependent drift of photoelectron momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane. This study intuitively explains how Coulomb potentials modify photoelectron momenta.