TiO2分子在GaN(0001)表面吸附的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势法,计算了TiO₂分子在GaN(0001)表面的吸附成键过程、吸附能量和吸附位置. 计算结果表明不同初始位置的TiO₂分子吸附后,Ti在fcc或hcp位置,两个O原子分别与表面两个Ga原子成键,Ga-O化学键表现出共价键特征,化学结合能达到7.932-7.943eV,O-O连线与GaN[1120]方向平行,与实验观测(100)[001] TiO₂//(0001)[1120]GaN一致. 通过动力学过程计算分析,TiO₂分子吸附过程经历了物理吸附、化学吸附与稳定态形成的过程,稳定吸附结构和优化结果一致. 关键词： GaN(0001)表面 2分子')" href="#">TiO₂分子 密度泛函理论 吸附     

C掺杂金红石相TiO2的电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

运用第一性原理的局域密度近似+U(0 ≤U≤9 eV)方法研究了本征金红石相TiO₂在不同U值(对Ti-3d电子)下的禁带宽度、晶体结构以及不同比例C元素掺杂的金红石相TiO₂的电子结构和光学性质, 研究表明, TiO₂的禁带宽度和晶格常数随着U值的增加而增大. 综合考虑取U=3 eV并对其计算结果进行修正. 对于掺杂体系, 发现C 元素的掺杂在金红石相TiO₂中引入杂质能级, 杂质能级主要由O-2p轨道和C-2p轨道耦合形成, 杂质能级的引入可以增加TiO₂对可见光的响应, 从而使TiO₂的吸收范围增大. C原子掺杂最佳比例为8.3%, 此时光学吸收边的红移程度最明显, 可增大光吸收效率, 从而提高了TiO₂光催化效率.     

金红石型TiO2(110)表面性质及STM形貌模拟

采用密度泛函理论从头计算了金红石型TiO₂(110)表面的相关性质,切片模型含有9层原子,采用化学整比表面结构,晶胞真空层厚度为1.5nm,原子价电子采用超软赝势表达.差分电子密度分布图发现原子附近区域电子密度分布以球对称为主,电子定域形成离子键的趋势较强,但在Ti和O原子之间存在较弱的共价键.模拟了金红石型TiO₂(110)表面结构的扫描隧道显微镜(scanning tunneling microscope,简称STM)图像,利用Tersoff-Hamann的成像理论,在+2V的正向偏压下,采用一系列变化的数值作为STM探针离表面桥式氧的距离,分析了相关态密度的变化,发现(110)表面的STM形貌凸起部分来自于5—Ti原子,而不是2—O原子(桥式氧),在TiO₂(110)表面结构成像中,电子效应起主导作用,证实了STM实验观察到的亮行是Ti原子的结果. 关键词： 功能材料 密态泛函理论 表面结构 STM像     

Zn吸附到含有氧空位(VO)以及羟基(-OH)的锐钛矿相TiO2(101)表面电子结构的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法, 计算了Zn吸附到TiO₂(101)清洁表面、含有氧空位(V_O)的缺陷表面以及既含有氧空位(V_O)又含有羟基(-OH)表面的能量、Mulliken重叠布居数以及电子结构, 并找到了Zn在每种表面的最稳定结构(分别为模型(c), 模型(aI)以及模型(aII)). 通过对三种表面稳定结构的分析、对比发现: 首先, Zn原子吸附到清洁TiO₂(101)表面上, 主要与表面氧相互作用, 形成Zn–O共价键; 其次, 当Zn原子吸附到缺陷表面时, 吸附能减小到-1.75 eV, 说明Zn更容易吸附到氧空位上(模型(aI)); 最后, 纵观表面模型的能带结构以及态密度图发现, -OH的引入并没有引进新的杂质能级, Zn吸附此表面, 即Zn-TiO₂-V_O-OH, 使得禁带宽度缩短到最小(1.85 eV), 从而有望提高TiO₂的光催化活性. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 氧空位 羟基 Zn原子     

纳米TiO2颗粒/亚微米球多层结构薄膜内电荷传输性能研究

本文主要利用TiO₂亚微米球较强的光散射特性设计了纳米TiO₂颗粒/亚微米球多层结构光阳极, 并借助强度调制光电流谱(intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy)、电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy)和入射单色光光电转化效率(incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency), 研究亚微米球的引入对多层结构薄膜内缺陷态、电子传输时间、电子收集效率和界面电荷转移性能的影响. 强度调制光电流谱反映出亚微米球表面缺陷态少, 但其颗粒间接触不紧密, 导致在接触部位形成了势垒, 阻碍了电子的传输, 导致电子传输时间增长. 电化学阻抗谱结果表明不同多层结构电池界面复合无明显差别, 同时底层采用纳米TiO₂ 透明薄膜结构的电池, 其光利用率要明显高于底层采用亚微米球薄膜结构的电池, TiO₂费米能级电子填充水平也相对增大, 使得电池的光电转换效率得到提升. 多层结构复合薄膜电荷传输和光伏特性的研究, 为高效染料敏化太阳电池光阳极设计提供了实验基础.     

Nb掺杂对TiO2/NiTi界面电子结构影响的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算了Nb掺杂对TiO₂/NiTi界面电子结构的影响.体系生成能的计算结果表明,4种TiO₂/NiTi界面结构中,NiTi中Ti原子和TiO₂中O原子相邻的界面,即Ti/O界面的生成能最大,结构最稳定.在Ti/O界面结构优化的基础上,态密度、电荷分布以及集居数的计算结果均表明：Nb原子取代界面上的Ti原子后,界面原子之间的结合力增强,且界面附近的基体和氧化层中原子之间的相互作用也增加,有利 关键词： NiTi金属间化合物 2/NiTi界面')" href="#">TiO₂/NiTi界面 电子结构 第一性原理计算     

锐钛矿型TiO2(101)面原子几何及弛豫结构的第一性原理计算

采用平面波超软赝势方法计算了锐钛矿型TiO₂(101)面的表面能和表面原子弛豫结构.首先对TiO₂(101)面的6种不同的表面原子终止结构的体系总能量进行了计算,结果表明终止原子为两配位的O原子、次层为五配位的Ti原子的表面结构最为稳定.针对该表面研究了表面能和原子弛豫与模型中原子层数和真空厚度的关系,当原子层数为12层,真空厚度为0.4nm时,表面能收敛度小于0.01J/m².研究发现:表面上两配位的O原子向里移动约0.0012nm,五配 关键词： 第一性原理 2')" href="#">TiO₂ 表面结构 弛豫     

用SAXS和XRD方法研究TiO2纳米颗粒微观结构

用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了TiO₂纳米样品,并对该样品在300℃到800℃温度区域进行了退火处理.应用同步辐射X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法研究了经不同热处理温度的TiO₂纳米颗粒的结构相变.应用同步辐射小角X射线散射(SAXS)方法研究了TiO₂纳米颗粒的表面分形与界面特性.得到纳米颗粒粒度与退火温度的变化规律,讨论了表面界面特征与相变的关系. 关键词： X射线小角散射 X射线衍射 2纳米颗粒')" href="#">TiO₂纳米颗粒     

丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO2纳米晶薄膜电子转移机制

利用超快光谱技术系统研究了在丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO₂纳米晶薄膜起始时刻界面间电子转移动力学。与之前的报道不同,该实验结果表明:CdSe量子点经过表面修饰后,两相电子注入机制--热电子和冷电子注入得以被证实,即:电子能分别从CdSe量子点导带中高的振动能级和导带底转移到TiO₂的导带。该机制详细描绘了电子在纳米界面间转移的图景。进一步研究发现:热电子注入的电子耦合强度(3.6±0.1 meV)比弛豫后的基态电子注入高两个数量级,基于Marcus理论,伴随着0.083 eV的重组能,冷电子注入的耦合强度值为~50 μeV。     

第一性原理研究BaTiO3(001)表面的电子结构

在密度泛函理论的基础上,采用平面波赝势方法计算了立方相BaTiO₃(001)表面的电子结构.结构优化表明最表层原子都向体内弛豫,且金属原子弛豫幅度最大,同时各层层间距变化呈交错分布.对两种表面结构的总能计算发现TiO₂表面稳定性比BaO表面弱,一方面是由于TiO₂表面结构中存在O-2p表面态,使价带和导带中电子态向高能区域偏移.另一方面,TO₂表面附近Ti—O共价键存在强弱差异,有利于发生表面吸附.而在BaO表面结构中,最表层BaO的存在消除了这种差异,因而其表面稳定性较强. 关键词： 第一性原理 钛酸钡 电子结构 表面能     

dsDNA与TiO2 (110)在溶液中相互作用的动力学行为和机制

金红石型TiO2 (110)在DNA传感领域具有广阔的应用前景,然而其与DNA在溶液中相互作用的动力学行为和机制尚不清楚。利用分子动力学模拟,深入研究了双链DNA (dsDNA)在初始时沿轴向平行或垂直于金红石型TiO2 (110)表面时二者在溶液中的相互作用。通过分析dsDNA在吸附后的稳定构型、吸附动力学过程和结构稳定性发现,与一些典型二维纳米材料不同,dsDNA倾向于水平吸附到TiO2 (110)表面。水平吸附不仅使得dsDNA的四种碱基均吸附到TiO2 (110)表面,增加了吸附稳定性,而且不破坏dsDNA的结构稳定性。进而,通过分析dsDNA与TiO2 (110)表面的相互作用能和水分子密度/数量发现,dsDNA的平行吸附可能源于二者之间的短程范德华和长程静电相互作用。此外,纳米级脱湿也增强了dsDNA的吸附。对dsDNA与TiO2 (110)在溶液中的相互作用研究有助于实现TiO2 (110)在DNA传感中的应用。     

低聚合物Pn(n=1-5)的化学活性和P在TiO2(100)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似（DFT/GGA）方法,在PW91/DNP水平上研究了低聚合物Pn(n=1-5)的稳定性和化学活性。结果表明：随着聚合度增加,Pn的稳定性降低,化学活性增强。采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法,研究了化合物P在TiO2(100)表面的吸附,通过吸附前后化合物P的Mulliken charge和前线轨道分析表明：当P吸附在TiO2(100)表面时,P向TiO2(100)表面转移0.692 e电荷,前线轨道能隙变窄。通过吸附前后TiO2(100)表面的能带和态密度分析表明：在TiO2(100)表面吸附了化合物P后,能带向低能区移动,且TiO2中价带和导带间的禁带消失。理论预测的结果与实验值吻合。     

低聚合物Pn(n=1-5)的化学活性和P在TiO2(100)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似（DFT/GGA）方法,在PW91/DNP水平上研究了低聚合物Pn(n=1-5)的稳定性和化学活性。结果表明：随着聚合度增加,Pn的稳定性降低,化学活性增强。采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法,研究了化合物P在TiO2(100)表面的吸附,通过吸附前后化合物P的Mulliken charge和前线轨道分析表明：当P吸附在TiO2(100)表面时,P向TiO2(100)表面转移0.692 e电荷,前线轨道能隙变窄。通过吸附前后TiO2(100)表面的能带和态密度分析表明：在TiO2(100)表面吸附了化合物P后,能带向低能区移动,且TiO2中价带和导带间的禁带消失。理论预测的结果与实验值吻合。     

TiO2表面氧空位对NO分子吸附的作用

采用程序升温热脱附(TPD)实验方法测定了NO在TiO2表面吸附后的脱附谱，利用分子轨道理论研究了TiO2吸附NO的原子簇模型及吸附前后的原子簇能级变化．结果表明，NO在TiO2表面吸附后可在两个峰值温度450和980K脱附出N2．TiO2表面经预覆氧处理后，N2的脱附量降低．吸附时NO中的O能够占据TiO2表面氧空位并与N脱离，而N原子则相互结合成为N2脱附．分子轨道理论计算证明在TiO2(110)表面能够存在氧空位并具备吸附NO的结构条件．     

A density functional theory study on the adsorption of CO and O₂ on Cu-terminated Cu₂O（111） surface

The adsorptions of CO and O2 molecules individually on the stoichiometric Cu-terminated Cu2O(111) surface are investigated by first-principles calculations on the basis of the density functional theory.The calculated results indicate that the CO molecule preferably coordinates to the Cu2 site through its C atom with an adsorption energy of -1.69 eV,whereas the O2 molecule is most stably adsorbed in a tilt type with one O atom coordinating to the Cu2 site and the other O atom coordinating to the Cu1 site,and has an adsorption energy of -1.97 eV.From the analysis of density of states,it is observed that Cu 3d transfers electrons to 2π orbital of the CO molecule and the highest occupied 5σ orbital of the CO molecule transfers electrons to the substrate.The sharp band of Cu 4s is delocalized when compared to that before the CO molecule adsorption,and overlaps substantially with bands of the adsorbed CO molecule.There is a broadening of the 2π orbital of the O2 molecule because of its overlapping with the Cu 3d orbital,indicating that strong 3d-2π interactions are involved in the chemisorption of the O2 molecule on the surface.     

TiO2光催化剂的光谱研究

采用sol-gel法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂,运用FTIR,FT－Ranam,DSR等光谱技术对催化剂进行了表征,以光催化解油酸作为模型反应考察光催化活性。实验结果表明,催化剂的烧结温度对催化剂的晶相结构、半导体能带结构、光吸收性能及光催化活性均产生显著的影响,当烧结温度为400℃时,TiO2光催化剂具有最好的表观吸光度,最大的吸收带边,以及最佳的光催化活性。     

Ab initio study of neutral (TiO2)n clusters and their interactions with water and transition metal atoms

We have systematically investigated the growth behavior and stability of small stoichiometric (TiO(2))(n) (n = 1-10) clusters as well as their structural, electronic and magnetic properties by using the first-principles plane wave pseudopotential method within density functional theory. In order to find out the ground state geometries, a large number of initial cluster structures for each n has been searched via total energy calculations. Generally, the ground state structures for the case of n = 1-9 clusters have at least one monovalent O atom, which only binds to a single Ti atom. However, the most stable structure of the n = 10 cluster does not have any monovalent O atom. On the other hand, Ti atoms are at least fourfold coordinated for the ground state structures for n ≥ 4 clusters. Our calculations have revealed that clusters prefer to form three-dimensional structures. Furthermore, all these stoichiometric clusters have nonmagnetic ground state. The formation energy and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap for the most stable structure of (TiO(2))(n) clusters for each n have also been calculated. The formation energy and hence the stability increases as the cluster size grows. In addition, the interactions between the ground state structure of the (TiO(2))(n) cluster and a single water molecule have been studied. The binding energy (E(b)) of the H(2)O molecule exhibits an oscillatory behavior with the size of the clusters. A single water molecule preferably binds to the cluster Ti atom through its oxygen atom, resulting an average binding energy of 1.1 eV. We have also reported the interaction of the selected clusters (n = 3, 4, 10) with multiple water molecules. We have found that additional water molecules lead to a decrease in the binding energy of these molecules to the (TiO(2))(n) clusters. Finally, the adsorption of transition metal (TM) atoms (V, Co and Pt) on the n = 10 cluster has been investigated for possible functionalization. All these elements interact strongly with this cluster, and a permanent magnetic moment is induced upon adsorption of Co and V atoms. We have observed gap localized TM states leading to significant HOMO-LUMO gap narrowing, which is essential to achieve visible light response for the efficient use of TiO(2) based materials. In this way, electronic and optical as well as magnetic properties of TiO(2) materials can be modulated by using the appropriate adsorbate atoms.     

Adsorption bond length for H2O on TiO2(110): a key parameter for theoretical understanding

Scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction results show the adsorption site of molecular water on TiO2(110) to be atop under-coordinated surface Ti atoms, confirming the results of total energy calculations and STM imaging. However, the Ti-O(water) bond length is 2.21 +/- 0.02 A, much longer than Ti-O bond lengths in strongly chemisorbed species on this surface, but significantly shorter than found in most total energy calculations. The need for theory to describe this weak bond effectively may be a key factor in the controversial problem of understanding this important surface reaction system.     

A density functional theory study on the adsorption of CO and O2 on Cu-terminated Cu2O （111） surface

The adsorptions of CO and 02 molecules individually on the stoichiometric Cu-terminatcd Cu20 （111） surface are investigated by first-principles calculations on the basis of the density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the CO molecule preferably coordinates to the Cu2 site through its C atom with an adsorption energy of-1.69 eV, whereas the 02 molecule is most stably adsorbed in a tilt type with one O atom coordinating to the Cu2 site and the other O atom coordinating to the Cul site, and has an adsorption energy of -1.97 eV. From the analysis of density of states, it is observed that Cu 3d transfers electrons to 2π orbital of the CO molecule and the highest occupied 5σ orbital of the CO molecule transfers electrons to the substrate. The sharp band of Cu 4s is delocalized when compared to that before the CO molecule adsorption, and overlaps substantially with bands of the adsorbed CO molecule. There is a broadening of the 2π orbital of the 02 molecule because of its overlapping with the Cu 3d orbital, indicating that strong 3d-2π interactions are involved in the chemisorption of the 02 molecule on the surface.     

Single-electron states in semiconductor nanospherical layer of large radius

In a spherical core/shell/shell nanolayer the single-particle states were considered in the regime of strong quantizations. The relation between the geometrical dimensions of the corresponding components of a sample are chosen in such a way that the differences between the characteristics of materials form a quantum well for the charge carriers in the middle layer. The adequate approximate approaches are suggested to determine analytically the energy spectrum and the wave functions of the single-electron states in the spherical nanolayer. A comparison of the results of the analytical and the numerical calculations is performed. The interval values of the ratio between the layer thickness and its radius at which the results of proposed approximations coincide with the satisfactory accuracy with the results of numerical calculations are determined.