Complex formation between imidazole and carboxylate ligands in aqueous solution

We report the results of a potentiometric study on the formation of weak complexes between imidazole (im) and acetate, malonate, and citrate (L), at T=25°C. Formation of protonated species H_j (im)(L), in which j=1 for acetate, j=1, 2 for malonate and j=1, 2, 3 for citrate, was found. The formation of weak complexes between N-ligands and O-ligands may be used to interpret the behavior of these classes of compounds in natural fluid and/or in biological systems, as regards inter-or intra-molecular interactions.     

Kinetics of hydrolysis of xylometazoline (XYL) in aqueous solution

The effect of pH (over the range of 2.10 - 11.90) and temperature (from 353 K to 363 K) on the stability of xylometazoline (XYL) has been studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the dependence of log k vs pH, the hydrolysis of both the undissociated and dissociated XYL-molcules has been described by micro rate constants k₁ and k₂. Thermodynamic parameters (activation energy, enthalpy and entropy) of the composition reaction were calculated. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Structure of iron (II) and cobalt (II) bromide complexes in aqueous solution by X-ray diffraction analysis

Structures of bromo-metal complexes in concentrated aqueous solutions of FeBr₂ and of CoBr₂ were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes possess an octahedral geometry coordinating Br^– along with H₂O ligands. The frequency factors of metal-Br contacts per one atom of metal were 0.325 for the 2.7M (mol-dm^–3) and 0.747 for the 4.5M FeBr₂ solutions, and 0.280 for the 2.8M and 0.595 for the 4.3M CoBr₂ solutions. The frequency factors suggested that the tendency of metal ions to forming monobromo complexes is in the order, Fe>Co>Ni相似文献   

Complexation of copper(I) by thiourea in acidic aqueous solution

The interaction of copper(II) and copper(I) with thiourea(Tu) has been investigated by UV and visible spectrophotometry. Over the range of concentrations of copper(I) and Tu(0.1–20)×10^–3 mol-dm^–3 in acid aqueous solutions there are two complexes, CuTu₂ ⁺ (log ₂=11.1) and the other has the ratio Cu/Tu=1/1 with the likely composition Cu₂Tu₂ ²⁺ with log ₂₂=18.5. By the determination of copper(0) solubility in acid thiourea solution and potentiometric measurements it was shown that the potential of the copper electrode is that of a non-equilibrium (corrosive) electrode.     

Kinetics of complexation of nickel (II) and copper (II) with some azophenol derivatives in aqueous nonionic surfactant solution

The kinetics of formation of 11 complexes of nickel(II) and copper(II) ions with some azophenol derivatives in aqueous and micellar solution of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, have been studied by a stopped-flow spectrophotometric method. Second order rate constants for the reactions were determined at 298 K and ionic strength 0.1 (NaClO₄) in aqueous solution. In the surfactant solution, the pseudo-first-order rate constants for the complexation reactions,k_obs, decreased with increasing the concentration of Triton X-100. This observation was explained by the assumption that the chelating reagents distribute between the micelle of the surfactant and bulk aqueous phase and rate-controlling reactions occur only in the bulk aqueous phase. On the basis of the relation betweenk_obs and the concentration of the surfactant, the partition constants of the reagents between micellar and aqueous phases were determined.     

Copper(II) ion hydrolysis in aqueous solution

A copper(II) ion-selective-electrode potentiometric method was used to determine the first and second hydrolysis constants of Cu²⁺. Special techniques prevented copper(II) hydroxide precipitation, and copper(II) carbonate and cipper(II) organic complexation during the titration of the experimental solution over the pH range 6.8–8.4. The large change in the total copper concentration during the titration due to adsorption of copper onto the vessel walls was accounted for by measuring the total copper concentration at each pH by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The two hydrolysis constants were determined at 25°C in 0.7 and 0.05m NaClO₄ media. The measured stability constants are independent of the copper concentration and yield similar zero ionic strength values. Also, the stepwise equilibrium constants decrease as the ligand number increases.     

Ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of hexacyanoferrate(II) by periodate in aqueous alkaline medium

Ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of hexacyanoferrate(II) by periodate in alkaline medium is assumed to occurvia substrate-catalyst complex formation followed by the interaction of oxidant and complex in the rate-limiting stage and yield the products with regeneration of catalyst in the subsequent fast step. The reaction exhibits fractional order in hexacyanoferrate(II) and first-order unity each in oxidant and catalyst. The reaction constants involved in the mechanism are derived.     

Intercalation of hydrotalcites with hexacyanoferrate(II) and (III)—a thermoRaman spectroscopic study

Raman spectroscopy using a hot stage indicates that the intercalation of hexacyanoferrate(II) and (III) in the interlayer space of a Mg, Al hydrotalcites leads to layered solids where the intercalated species is both hexacyanoferrate(II) and (III). Raman spectroscopy shows that depending on the oxidation state of the initial hexacyanoferrate partial oxidation and reduction takes place upon intercalation. For the hexacyanoferrate(III) some partial reduction occurs during synthesis. The symmetry of the hexacyanoferrate decreases from O_h existing for the free anions to D_3d in the hexacyanoferrate interlayered hydrotalcite complexes. Hot stage Raman spectroscopy reveals the oxidation of the hexacyanoferrate(II) to hexacyanoferrate(III) in the hydrotalcite interlayer with the removal of the cyanide anions above 250 °C. Thermal treatment causes the loss of CN ions through the observation of a band at 2080 cm⁻¹. The hexacyanoferrate (III) interlayered Mg, Al hydrotalcites decomposes above 150 °C.     

Cu(II) promoted oxidation of L-valine by hexacyanoferrate(III) in cationic micellar medium

The kinetics of Cu(II) accelerated L-valine (Val) oxidation by hexacyanoferrate(III) in CTAB micellar medium were investigated by measuring the decline in absorbance at 420 nm. By adjusting one variable at a time, the progression of the reaction has been inspected as a function of [OH⁻], ionic strength, [CTAB], [Cu(II)], [Val], [Fe(CN)₆³⁻], and temperature using the pseudo-first-order condition. The results show that [CTAB] is the critical parameter with a discernible influence on reaction rate. [Fe(CN)₆]^3- interacts with Val in a 2:1 ratio, and this reaction exhibits first-order dependency with regard to [Fe(CN)₆³⁻]. In the investigated concentration ranges of Cu(II), [OH⁻], and [Val], the reaction demonstrates fractional-first-order kinetics. The linear increase in reaction rate with added electrolyte is indicative of a positive salt effect. CTAB significantly catalyzes the process, and once at a maximum, the rate remains almost constant as [CTAB] increases. Reduced repulsion between surfactant molecules' positive charge heads brought on by the negatively charged [Fe(CN)₆]^3-, OH⁻, and [Cu(OH)₄]^2- molecules may be responsible for the observed drop in CMC of CTAB.     

Rhodium(III), palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of Bis(o-aminobenzenesulfonyl)ethylenediamine

New complexes of the formulae K₃[RhL ₃]·2 H₂O, [PdL]·H₂O and [M(LH₂)Cl₂] [whereM = Pd, Pt andLH₂ = bis(o-aminobenzenesulfonyl)ethylenediamine] have been prepared and characterized by conductivity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder patterns and IR, Ligand Field and¹H-NMR spectroscopy.

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Rhodium(III), Palladium(II)- und Platin(II)-Komplexe mit Bis(o-aminobenzolosulfonyl)ethylendiamin (Kurze Mitteilung)

Zusammenfassung Neue Komplexe der allgemeinen Formeln K₃[RhL ₃]·2H₂O, [PdL]·H₂O und [M(LH₂)Cl₂] mitM = Pd, Pt undLH₂ = Bis(o-aminobenzolosulfonyl)ethylendiamin wurden dargestellt und mit Konduktionsmessungen, thermogravimetrischen Analysen, Röntgenstrukturanalysen, IR, Ligandfeld- und¹H-NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert.

     

Coordination modes of histidine- or methioninehydroxamic acids in copper(II) mixed-ligand complexes with ethylenediamine in aqueous solution

The stability constants and coordination modes of the mixed-ligand complexes formed by copper(II) ion and ethylenediamine as a primary ligand and methioninehydroxamic acid (Metha) or histidinehydroxamic acid (Hisha) as a secondary ligand L were determined by potentiometric titration, UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopy. The obtained results suggest the formation of mixed-ligand species in basic solution with 4N coordination – both amine and hydroxamic nitrogens of Metha or Hisha (NH₂, N_ha) and two amine nitrogens of en (2 × NH₂) in the equatorial plane.     

Stability of Manganese(II)–Pyrazine, –Quinoxaline or –Phenazine Complexes and Their Potential as Carbonate Sequestration Agents

Carbonate sequestration technology is a complement of CO₂ sequestration technology, which might assure its long-term viability. In this work, in order to explore the interactions between Mn²⁺ ion with several ligands and carbonate ion, we reported a spectrophotometric equilibrium study of complexes of Mn²⁺ with pyrazine, quinoxaline or phenazine and its carbonate species at 298 K. For the complexes of manganese(II)–pyrazine, manganese(II)–quinoxaline and manganese(II)–phenazine, the formation constants obtained were log β₁₁₀ = 4.6 ± 0.1, log β₁₁₀ = 5.9 ± 0.1 and log β₁₁₀ = 6.0 ± 0.1, respectively. The formation constants for the carbonated species manganese(II)–carbonate, manganese(II)–pyrazine–carbonate, manganese(II)–quinoxaline–carbonate and manganese(II)–phenazine–carbonate complexes were log β₁₁₀ = 5.1 ± 0.1, log β₁₁₀ = 9.8 ± 0.1, log β₁₁₀ = 11.7 ± 0.1 and log β₁₁₀ = 12.7 ± 0.1, respectively. Finally, the individual calculated electronic spectra and its distribution diagram of these species are also reported. The use of N-donor ligand with π-electron-attracting activity in a manganese(II) complex might increase its interaction with carbonate ions.     

Advances on supramolecular assembly of cyclometalated platinum(Ⅱ) complexes

Organoplatinum(Ⅱ) compounds have received enormous attention over the past decades due to their square-planar geometry as well as intriguing photo-physical properties.Self-assembly has emerged as an excellent approach to create well-ordered supramolecular architectures with tunable properties,which underpin the role of solvent-directed approach for the design of functional materials.In this minireview,the recent advances on supramolecular self-assembly of cyclometalated platinum(Ⅱ) complexes have been discussed.During the self-assembly process,non-covalent Pt-Pt and π-π interactions play crucial roles in controlling the structures and functions of the resulting assemblies.     

Complexation of N-bis[2-(1,2-dicarboxyethoxy)ethyl]aspartic acid with Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) in aqueous solution

In a search for environment-friendly metal chelating ligands for industrial applications, the protonation and complex formation equilibria of N-bis[2-(1,2-dicarboxyethoxy)ethyl]aspartic acid (BCA6) with Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions in aqueous 0.1 M NaCl solution were studied at 25°C by potentiometric titration. The model for complexation and the stability constants of different complexes were determined for each metal ion using SUPERQUAD. In all cases, complex formation was dominated by stable ML^4? complexes.     

大环金属铜(II)、镍(II)配合物的模板合成与晶体结构

用模板法合成了1个大环金属铜(II)配合物[CuLCl₂]·3H₂O (1)和3个大环金属镍(II)配合物[NiLCl₂] (2)，[NiL](ClO₄)₂ (3)和[NiLH₂](ClO₄)₄ (4)(L=3,10-二乙基-1，3，5，8，10，12-六氮杂十四烷)，通过X-射线衍射单晶结构分析测定了它们的晶体结构。晶体结构显示：配合物1和2的金属离子与大环配体的4个氮原子及大环平面轴向的2个氯离子以八面体配位方式配位；配合物3和4的金属离子与大环配体的4个氮原子以平面正方形配位方式配位，配合物4的侧链氮原子的质子化导致侧链结构翻转，使得其侧链与大环平面共面。     

Complex formation equilibria of some β-amino-alcohols with lead(II) and cadmium(II) in aqueous solution

A study of complex formation equilibria of some β-amino-alcohols with lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions at 25°C and in 0.5 M KNO₃ is reported. The amino-alcohols considered are 2-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-1-pentanol and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol. sec-Buthylamine and 2-amino-1-methoxy-propane have been also considered for comparison. The results are discussed in terms of ligand structure, paying attention to the number of hydroxyl groups and to the length of the alkyl residual. A weak contribution of the alcoholic oxygen in the coordination of cadmium(II) and the presence of a mixed hydroxyl species in lead(II) containing systems are hypothesized.     

Combined effects of electrostatic and pi-pi stacking interactions: selective binding of nucleotides and aromatic carboxylates by platinum(II)-aromatic ligand complexes

Adduct formations of Pt(II) complexes containing an aromatic diimine (DA) and an L-amino acid (A) with an aromatic carboxylate (AR) or a mononucleotide (NMP) has been studied by synthetic, structural, spectroscopic, and calorimetric methods. Several adducts between Pt(II) complexes, [Pt(DA)(L-A)] (charges are omitted; DA=2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm); A=L-arginine (L-Arg), L-alaninate (L-Ala), and AR (=indole-3-acetate (IA), gentisate (GA)) or GMP were isolated as crystals and structurally characterized by the X-ray diffraction method. GMP in [Pt(bpm)(Arg)](GMP).5 H(2)O was revealed to be bound through the pi-pi stacking and guanidinium-phosphate hydrogen bonds. The [Pt(DA)(A)]-AR and -NMP systems in aqueous solution exhibited NMR upfield shifts of the aromatic ring proton signals due to stacking. The stability constants (K) for the adducts were determined by absorption and NMR spectra and calorimetric titrations. The log K values were found to be in the range 1.40-2.29 for AR and 1.8-3.3 for NMP, the order for NMP being GMP>AMP>CMP>UMP. The DeltaH degrees values were negative for all the systems studied, and the values for AR (=IA and GA) were more negative than those for NMP, indicating that ARs are stronger electron donors than NMPs. Comparison of the log K values for [Pt(bpm)(L-Arg)] and [Pt(bpm)(L-Ala)] (Ala=alaninate) indicated that the Arg moiety further stabilized the adducts by the guanidinium-carboxylate or -phosphate hydrogen bonds. The combined effects of weak interactions on the stability of the adducts in solution are discussed on the basis of the thermodynamic parameters and solid state structures.