一类广义Birkhoff系统的广义正则变换

研究一类广义Birkhoff系统的广义正则变换.建立这类广义Birkhoff系统的运动微分方程,得到了该系统的广义正则变换以及保持广义正则变换的条件.最后,举例说明结果的应用.     

Transformation methods for solving nonlinear field equations

The collection of extended canonical transformations of first-order contact manifolds is studied. This collection is shown to form a group under target-source composition and to contain the group of all first prolongations of point transformation of the underlying graph space and all isogroups of completely integrable horizontal ideals. Extended canonical transformations are compared and contrasted with Bäcklund transformations. These results are used to construct an extended Hamilton-Jacobi method for systems of nonlinear PDE. The collection of all extended canonical transformations is also shown to contain infinitely many one-parameter families of transformations, but there is no Lie group structure that contains these one-parameter families, in general. Conditions are obtained under which a one-parameter family of extended canonical transformations will map a solution of the fundamental ideal that characterizes a given system of PDE into a one-parameter family of solutions. These results are applied to the -Gordon equation _x1 = () and to the Navier-Stokes equations.     

Self-adjoint algebras of unbounded operators

Unbounded *-representations of *-algebras are studied. Representations called self-adjoint representations are defined in analogy to the definition of a self-adjoint operator. It is shown that for self-adjoint representations certain pathologies associated with commutant and reducing subspaces are avoided. A class of well behaved self-adjoint representations, called standard representations, are defined for commutative *-algebras. It is shown that a strongly cyclic self-adjoint representation of a commutative *-algebra is standard if and only if the representation is strongly positive, i.e., the representations preserves a certain order relation. Similar results are obtained for *-representations of the canonical commutation relations for a finite number of degrees of freedom.Work supported in part by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract AT(30-1)-2171 and by the National Science Foundation.Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow.     

On a canonical nine-body problem. Integrable Ermakov decomposition via reciprocal transformations

Here, a recently introduced nine-body problem is shown to be decomposable via a novel class of reciprocal transformations into a set of integrable Ermakov systems. This Ermakov decomposition is exploited to construct more general integrable nine-body systems in which the canonical nine-body system is embedded.     

Symmetries and constraints in generalized Hamiltonian dynamics

A general analysis of symmetries and constraints for singular Lagrangian systems is given. It is shown that symmetry transformations can be expressed as canonical transformations in phase space, even for such systems. The relation of symmetries to generators, constraints, commutators, and Dirac brackets is clarified.     

Topologies induced by representations of the canonical commutation relations

This paper is concerned with continuity properties of representations of the canonical commutation relations, and is mainly devoted to a detailed discussion of the topologies induced on the test function spaces. The notion of closability of a representation of the canonical commutation relations is introduced and studied. We also discuss the strong continuity of functions of self-adjoint operators, and use bounded functions to define an analogue of the strong operator topology on the set of all self-adjoint operators.     

Gauge Transformations for a Driven Quantum Particle in an Infinite Square Well

Quantum mechanics of a particle in an infinite square well under the influence of a time-dependent electric field is reconsidered. In some gauge, the Hamiltonian depends linearly on the momentum operator, which is symmetric but not self-adjoint when defined on a finite interval. In spite of this symmetric part, the Hamiltonian operator is shown to be self-adjoint. This follows from a theorem by Kato and Rellich which guarantees the stability of a self-adjoint operator under certain symmetric perturbations. The result, which has been assumed tacitly by other authors, is important in order to establish the equivalence of different Hamiltonian operators related to each other by quantum gauge transformations.     

Canonical transformations in quantum mechanics

This paper presents the general theory of canonical transformations of coordinates in quantum mechanics. First, the theory is developed in the formalism of phase space quantum mechanics. It is shown that by transforming a star-product, when passing to a new coordinate system, observables and states transform as in classical mechanics, i.e., by composing them with a transformation of coordinates. Then the developed formalism of coordinate transformations is transferred to a standard formulation of quantum mechanics. In addition, the developed theory is illustrated on examples of particular classes of quantum canonical transformations.     

非线性非完整系统Raitzin正则方程的Hojman守恒定理

利用时间不变的无限小变换下的Lie对称性，研究非线性非完整系统Raitzin正则方程的Hojman守恒定理.列出系统的运动微分方程.建立时间不变的无限小变换下的确定方程.给出系统的Hojman守恒定理，并举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 非线性非完整系统 Raitzin正则方程 Lie对称性 确定方程 Hojman守恒 定理     

The general relativistic hydrogen atom

The general relativistic Dirac equation is formulated in an arbitrary curved space-time using differential forms. These equations are applied to spherically symmetric systems with arbitrary charge and mass. For the case of a black hole (with event horizon) it is shown that the Dirac Hamiltonian is self-adjoint, has essential spectrum the whole real line and no bound states. Although rigorous results are obtained only for a spherically symmetric system, it is argued that, in the presence of any event horizon there will be no bound states. The case of a naked singularity is investigated with the results that the Dirac Hamiltonian is not self-adjoint. The self-adjoint extensions preserving angular momentum are studied and their spectrum is found to consist of an essential spectrum corresponding to that of a free electron plus eigenvalues in the gap (–mc ², +mc ²). It is shown that, for certain boundary conditions, neutrino bound states exist.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation     

Problems with tunneling of thin shells from black holes

It is shown that exp(−2 Im(∫ p dr)) is not invariant under canonical transformations in general. Specifically for shells tunneling out of black holes, this quantity is not invariant under canonical transformations. It can be interpreted as the transmission coefficient only in the cases in which it is invariant under canonical transformations. Although such cases include alpha decay, they do not include the tunneling of shells from black holes. The simplest extension to this formula which is invariant under canonical transformations is proposed. However, it is shown that this gives half the correct temperature for black holes.      

Symplectic and nonsymplectic realizations of groups for singular systems. An example

The actions of groups for singular systems are studied in the framework of the theory of canonical transformations for presymplectic systems. Symplectic realizations as well as nonsymplectic ones arise in a natural way. As a typical example we construct the Poincaré realizations for the relativistic free massive particle.     

广义经典力学系统的Hojman守恒定理

研究广义经典力学系统的对称性与守恒定理.利用常微分方程在无限小变换下的不变性，建 立了系统在高维增广相空间中仅依赖于正则变量的Lie对称变换，并直接由系统的Lie对称性得到了系统的一类守恒律.实际上，这是Hojman的守恒定理对广义经典力学系统的推广.举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 广义经典力学 对称性 守恒定理     

Continual integrals and canonical transformations

Continual integrals are considered for the matrix elements of an evolution operator of quantum-mechanical systems. It is shown that a continual integral can be reduced to a finite multiple integral by using canonical transformations. The method developed is illustrated by an example of a homogeneous force field.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 16–19, May, 1982.     

非完整力学系统Raitzin正则方程的形式不变性

研究非完整力学系统Raitzin正则方程的形式不变性。建立系统的Raitzin正则方程。给出在无限小变换下系统形式不变性的定义和判据。得到系统的守恒量与形式不变性之间的关系并举例说明结果的应用。     

Ray helicity: geometric invariant for multidimensional resonant wave conversion

For a multicomponent wave field propagating into a multidimensional conversion region, the rays are shown to be helical, in general. For a ray-based quantity to have a fundamental physical meaning, it must be invariant under the following two groups of transformations, which are used to construct solutions: congruence transformations (which involve linear combinations of components of the multicomponent wave field) and canonical transformations (which act on the ray phase space). It is shown that for conversion between two waves there is a new invariant not previously discussed: the intrinsic helicity of the ray.     

广义Raitzin正则方程的Hojman守恒定理

利用时间不变的无限小变换下的Lie对称性，研究广义经典力学中Raitzin正则方程的Hojman 守恒定理。建立广义Raitzin正则方程。给出无限小变换下Lie对称性的确定方程。建立系统的Hojman守恒定理，并举例说明结果的应用。     

CO-ORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS FOR SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS. PART II: ELEMENTARY STRUCTURE-PRESERVING TRANSFORMATIONS

It has been shown in a previous paper that there is a real-valued transformation from the generalN -degree-of-freedom second order system to a second order system characterized by diagonal matrices. An immediate extension of this fact is that for any second order system, there is a set of real-valued transformations (thestructure-preserving transformations) which transform this system to a different second order system having identical characteristic behaviour. There are several possible reasons why it may be very useful to achieve a particular structure in the transformed system. It is obvious that a diagonal structure is extremely useful and a method has been devised for determining the diagonalizing transformation from the solution of the usual (complex) eigenvalue-eigenvector problem.This paper begins by outlining the usefulness of some other structures. Then it defines a class of elementary structure-preserving co-ordinate transformations that transform from one N -degree-of-freedom second order system to another. The termelementary is applied because any one of these transformations is the minimum-rank modification of the identity transformation. The changes occurring in the system matrices as a result of the application of one such elementary transformation transpire to be very simple in form, they are low rank, and they can be computed very efficiently.This paper provides the fundamental tools to enable the design of structure-preserving co-ordinate transformations which transform a second order system originally characterized by three general matrices in stages into a mathematically similar second order system characterized by three diagonal matrices. The procedure by which the individual elementary transformations are obtained is still under development and it is not discussed in this paper. However, an illustration is given of a five-degree-of-freedom self-adjoint system being transformed into tridiagonal form.     

Exact Solutions of Non-Autonomous Quantum Systems with Quadratic Hamiltonian

Based on algebraic dynamics, we present an algorithm to obtain exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation of non-autonomous quantum systems with Hamiltonian expressed in quadratic function of creation and annihilation operators of bosons. The Hamiltonian is treated as a linear function of generators of a symplectic group. Similar to the canonical transformation of classical dynamics, we employ a set of gauge transformations to gradually transform the Hamiltonian to a linear function of Cartan operators. The exact solutions are obtained by inverse gauge transformations. When the system is autonomous, this algorithm can obtain the normal mode of the Hamiltonian, as well as the eigenstates and eigenvalues.     

Form Invariance of Raitzin's Canonical Equations of Relativistic Mechanical System

A form invariance of Raitzin's canonical equations of relativistic mechanical system is studied. First, the Raitzin's canonical equations of the system are established. Next, the definition and criterion of the form invariance in the system under infinitesimal transformations of groups are given. Finally, the relation between the form invariance and the conserved quantity of the system is obtained and an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.