甲烷的池内核态沸腾传热研究

本文针对0.15 MPa、0.2 MPa以及0.3 MPa三个压力下甲烷的池内核态沸腾进行了系统实验研究,得到了相应的甲烷核态沸腾传热数据,并将实验结果和现有的核态沸腾传热关联式进行对比,分析各个关联式对甲烷沸腾数据的拟合偏差和影响因素,结果表明McNelly和Labuntsov关联式的拟合结果最好,偏差均在5%以内。同时所有由制冷剂数据得到的沸腾关联式均可较好的拟合出甲烷沸腾换热系数的变化趋势,除Nishikawa关联式外其余偏差均小于30%,而对于Nishikawa关联式,仅仅改变其常数项即可得到较好的拟合结果。从传热关联式的拟合情况来看,甲烷与常规制冷剂的沸腾传热特性没有本质差异。     

基于遗传算法的SOBER-SJ10池沸腾传热研究

基于遗传算法构建了沸腾过程中加热固壁一维瞬态导热反问题计算方法,采用具有精确解的半无限瞬态导热问题构造了一个校核算例,验证了该算法具有较高的准确度和抗干扰能力,能够准确反演计算沸腾传热瞬态热流密度。基于该算法分析了 SOBER-SJ10地面和空间实验中沸腾传热特性,结果表明微重力环境中单相传热被严重抑制,热流密度远小于地面数值;不同重力条件下核态沸腾传热曲线落在同一位置,显示出低热流密度时核态沸腾传热具有某种重力无关特征;但微重力条件下核态沸腾曲线起始于远低于地面的热流密度,同时在远比地面小的热流密度值时达到临界热流状态,并转变为过渡沸腾模式。     

FC-72在浸泡于液池中的微小圆管内的沸腾传热

本文对浸泡于FC-72液池中的两个微小圆管进行了沸腾实验研究,得到了沸腾曲线和传热系数,并用DV摄像机拍摄到了圆管出口处的沸腾状况,研究了管道尺寸对沸腾传热特性的影响。实验结果显示,管道尺寸对沸腾传热特性有显著的影响。传热系数和CHF随着管道尺寸的缩小而减小.直径为1.10mm的圆管出口处在低热负荷加热时发生了汽泡阻塞,并导致了剧烈的沸腾滞后现象。     

高压过冷池沸腾换热机理的研究

目前还没有一种被广泛承认的理论能够解释高压过冷池沸腾换热,其机理尚不明确。为了揭示高压池内过冷核沸腾的物理传热机理,并获得气泡脱离频率与活化穴半径的函数关系,根据池内过冷核沸腾加热表面活化穴的分布,在统计方法的基础上,提出了高压池内过冷核沸腾的一个数学模型。从该模型中发现,池内过冷核沸腾热流密度是壁面过热度、液体过冷度、活化穴尺寸、流体的接触角以及流体物理特性的函数。对不同的过冷度,将模型预测的结果与实验数据进行了比较,两者吻合得极好,从而证明了数学模型的可靠性。该解析模型更深刻地揭示了过冷池沸腾换热的物理机理,且没有增加新的经验常数。     

微重力池沸腾传热实验研究

本文实验研究了平板加热面FC-72液体的准稳态池沸腾传热现象,利用地面常重力实验、SJ-8卫星搭载微重力实验等手段,分析了不同重力、压力及过冷度条件下平板加热面上的池沸腾传热特性.微重力条件下,相近压力或过冷度时,传热系数和CHF随过冷度或压力增大而增大.相对常重力,传热曲线明显变缓,沸腾起始时的壁面过热度降低,CHF仅为常重力的40%或更低.     

二氧化钛纳米管修饰表面池沸腾传热特性

本文以TiO₂纳米管阵列修饰表面为沸腾传热界面,以去离子超纯水为沸腾工质,研究纳米管的管径尺寸对池沸腾效果的影响,以及在沸腾过程中材料表面润湿性能的变化对传热特性的影响。在实验设计的热流密度范围内,第一次沸腾会使样品表面的润湿性增加,并随着沸腾时间的增加而增加,最终趋于稳定;但在实验中并未观察到润湿性对沸腾传热效果有明显影响。总体来说,随着纳米管直径尺度渐大时,沸腾传热强化效果逐渐增大。     

微重力下光滑表面上FC-72的池沸腾实验研究

本文利用小尺度光滑芯片(10 mmxl0 mmx0.5 mm),通过控制加热电流方法,在北京落塔进行了持续3.6 s有效微重力时间的过冷池沸腾实验研究.在低热流和中等热流区,微重力条件下可以观察到稳态或准稳态池沸腾现象,传热特性基本维持不变;在中等热流区域,气泡的横向合并会引起合并后的大气泡表面剧烈震荡,进而引发合并大...     

液态金属软表面池沸腾传热的实验研究

池沸腾是一种高效的传热方式,目前主要通过刚性固体表面改性强化沸腾传热.本文以乙醇为工质,实验研究了光滑铜表面和液态金属软表面池沸腾传热.发现液态金属软表面可有效降低沸腾起始点(ONB)壁面过热度,饱和沸腾时,ONB壁面过热度从光滑铜表面的约18℃降低到软表面的约6℃,沸腾传热系数最大提高了149％.与光滑铜表面相比,液...     

非均匀高压电场强化R11池沸腾传热实验研究

利用EHD技术进行了工质R11的池内平板沸腾强化传热实验研究。在该实验中,换热面为一平板并接地作为0电极,高压电极为平行于换热面的线状电极。实验的热流密度为1~25 kw/m2,电压为0~±25 kV,得出了正、负电压下换热系数、壁面过热度、EHD强化系数和热流密度之间的变化关系,为进一步揭示EHD强化传热的机理提供了依据。     

A fractal study for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluids

In this paper, a fractal model for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluids is developed based on the fractal distribution of nanoparticles and nucleation sites on boiling surfaces. The model shows the dependences of the heat flux on nanoparticle size and the nanoparticle volume fraction of the suspension, the fractal dimension of the nanoparticle and nucleation site, temperature of nanofluids and properties of fluids. The fractal model predictions show that the natural convection stage continues r...     

Enhancement in nucleate pool boiling heat transfer on nano-second laser processed copper surfaces

ABSTRACT

The present paper reports the experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer on multiscale functionalized copper surfaces. Multiscale functionalized surfaces are fabricated by employing the nano-second laser surface process (NLSP) technique. The heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of functionalized surfaces are estimated experimentally by using water and acetone as pool liquid. Tests are performed at atmospheric pressure, and saturated pool boiling condition with heat flux varyies between 0 and 330 kW/m². The maximum HTCs for functionalized surface and reference polished surface were found to be 41,500 W/m²K and 23,000 W/m²K, respectively, with water and 22,000 W/m²K and 14,000 W/m²K, respectively, with acetone.     

Subcooled pool boiling heat transfer in fractal nanofluids:A novel analytical model

A novel analytical model to determine the heat flux of subcooled pool boiling in fractal nanofluids is developed. The model considers the fractal character of nanofluids in terms of the fractal dimension of nanoparticles and the fractal dimen- sion of active cavities on the heated surfaces; it also takes into account the effect of the Brownian motion of nanoparticles, which has no empirical constant but has parameters with physical meanings. The proposed model is expressed as a function of the subcooling of fluids and the wall superheat. The fractal analytical model is verified by a reasonable agreement with the experimental data and the results obtained from existing models.     

Accurate prediction of the critical heat flux for pool boiling on the heater substrate

While the influence of liquid qualities, surface morphology, and operating circumstances on critical heat flux (CHF) in pool boiling has been extensively studied, the effect of the heater substrate has not. Based on the force balance analysis, a theoretical model has been developed to accurately predict the CHF in pool boiling on a heater substrate. An analytical expression for the CHF of a heater substrate is obtained in terms of the surface thermophysical property. It is indicated that the ratio of thermal conductivity (k) to the product of density (ρ) and specific heat (c_p) is an essential substrate property that influences the CHF. By modifying the well-known force-balance-based CHF model (Kandlikar model), the thermal characteristics of the substrate are taken into consideration. The bias of predicted CHF values are within 5% compared with the experimental results.     

Critical heat flux enhancement of pool boiling using a porous nanostructured coating

Surface coating techniques are commonly used to increase heat transfer and control critical heat flux. In this research, we used anodizing—an electrochemical coating process—to coat an aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum plain surface. This porous nanostructured coating has uniform, cylindrical, parallel nanochannels, and closed end pores. Next, we conducted saturated pool boiling tests on the anodized samples, using deionized water and the CHFs were measured. We found that porous nanostructured coatings, due to their improved surface characteristics, particularly wettability, increased CHF values and also critical heat flux increased linearly with decreasing the contact angle.     

共沸混合工质HFC23/FC116沸腾传热实验研究

实验测量了二元共沸混合工质HFC23/FC116的池核沸腾传热特性。实验测量的加热面为紫铜表面,热流密度范围为50kW/m~2～300kw/m~2。同时实验结果与复叠温区常用制冷剂HFC13和R503的传热性能进行了比较。最后通过对实验数据进行多元回归分析,得到了共沸混合工质传热系数计算关联式,此关联式的计算值与实验值的偏差在±10%以内。     

液氮流动沸腾换热研究综述

作为一种优良的低温冷却剂,液氮在航天、电子工业、超导磁体和超导电缆冷却及低温生物医疗等领域应用广泛。在这些应用中,准确预测液氮的流动沸腾换热特性对于系统设计和安全运行十分重要。该文主要介绍了液氮流动沸腾换热的特点,对已有的实验和数值模拟结果进行了归纳;并比较了四个液氮流动沸腾换热计算关联式的预测情况,以及关联式中干度、质量流量、热流密度和压力对换热系数的影响;指出了有待进一步研究的课题。     

An experimental investigation on pool boiling heat transfer enhancement using Cu-Al2O3 nano-composite coating

Pool boiling heat transfer performances of Cu-Al₂O₃-coated copper surfaces have been studied experimentally for its potential use in heat transfer applications. In the present study, a two-step electrochemical deposition method is examined. This method provides an easy control on surface properties such as porosity and coating thickness. The deposition method is studied carefully and responsible surface morphology parameters are reported. After performing the pool boiling experiments on coated surfaces with DI water, the maximum critical heat flux of 1800 kW/m² and heat transfer coefficient of 193 kW/m² K, which are 68% and 260% higher than that of bare surface, respectively.     

Flow boiling heat transfer enhancement under ultrasound field in minichannel heat sinks

The enhancement of the heat transfer assisted by ultrasound is considered to be an interesting and highly efficient cooling technology, but the investigation and application of ultrasound in minichannel heat sinks to strengthen the flow boiling heat transfer are very limited. Herein, a novel installation of ultrasound transducers in the flow direction of a minichannel heat sink is designed to experimentally study the characteristics of heat transfer in flow boiling and the influence of operation parameters (e.g., heat flux, mass flux rate) and ultrasound parameters (e.g., frequency, power) on the flow boiling heat transfer in a minichannel heat sink with and without ultrasound field. Bubble motion and flow pattern in the minichannel are analyzed by high-speed flow visualization, revealing that the ultrasound field induces more bubbles at the same observation position and a forward shift of the onset of nucleation boiling along the flow direction, as ultrasonic cavitation produces a large number of bubbles. Moreover, bubbles hitting the channel wall on the left and right sides are found, and the motion speed of the bubbles is increased by 31.9% under the ultrasound field. Our results demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient obtained under the ultrasound field is 53.9% higher than in the absence of the ultrasound field under the same conditions, and the enhancement ratio is decreased in the high heat flux region due to the change of the flow regime with increasing heat flux. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of an ultrasound field in minichannel heat sinks for the enhancement of flow boiling heat transfer.     

低不凝性气体含量下水平螺旋扁管管束中的沸腾换热实验研究

以汽油和空气为工质,在低质量含气率的条件下,对导程分别为100 mm和150 mm的螺旋扁管管束外的沸腾换热进行了实验研究。得到了沸腾换热系数随质量含气率变化的基本规律。在不凝性气体含量较低的情况下沸腾换热系数随质量含气率的增加而增加;当继续增加不凝性气体时,沸腾换热系数受到了一定的抑制。采用渐进逼近模型给出了低含气率条件下的沸腾换热系数准则方程。将用准则方程计算的三种流量下的两相沸腾换热系数与实验处理值进行比较,误差均在6%以内。