Photoconduction in [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4)·H2O nanocrystals

Sub-micron-sized [Fe(Htrz)(2)(trz)](BF(4))·H(2)O nanoparticles that exhibit a spin crossover transition are positioned between Au electrodes with sub-100 nm separation. After voltage poling, samples exhibit unexpected large conductivity, with photoconductance and photovoltaic behavior.     

湿化学法合成LiNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2及其表征(英文)

利用琥珀酸为鳌合剂的湿化学法成功合成了一系列锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2,在合成过程中改变琥珀酸与金属离子摩尔比(R)并研究了这一参数对合成LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2材料物理及电化学性质的影响.采用热重、X射线衍射、Rietveld精修、扫描电镜以及超导量子干涉仪对反应机理、材料的结构、形貌以及磁学性质进行了详细表征.得到最佳合成条件为R=1,此时LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2的阳离子混排度最低.此外,通过Rietveld精修得到该材料阳离子混排度的结果与通过磁学方法得到的结果定量相符,如对于在R=1条件下合成的样品,Rietveld精修结果显示其阳离子混排度为1.85%,而超导量子干涉仪的测试结果为1.80%.当充放电区间为3.0-4.3V,电流密度为0.2C(1C=160mA·g-1)时,该样品的首次放电容量为161mAh·g-1,库仑效率为93.1%,经过50次循环后,容量保持率可达91.3%.     

New polynuclear molecular ferromagnetic complex {Co3((η2-NH2)2C6H2Me2)2(μ-OOCCMe3)2(η1-OOCCMe3)2(η2-OOCCMe3)2(HOOCCMe3)2}{Co((η2-NH2)2C6H2Me2)2(η1-OOCCMe3)2}

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

富锂锰基材料xLi_2MnO_3·(1-x)LiMn_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2(x=0.3,0.5,0.7)的电化学和同步辐射研究

采用共沉淀的方法,以过渡金属硫酸盐为起始物质制备了一系列不同组成的富锂锰基正极材料xLi_2MnO_3·(1-x)LiMn_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2(x=0.3,0.5,0.7),通过XRD、Rietveld精修等物理手段比较了不同组成材料的结构特征.通过对比不同比例材料的首周库仑效率、放电可逆容量、循环性能、电压降现象及不同温度下各比例富锂材料的倍率表现等电化学性能,确定0.5Li_2MnO_3·0.5LiMn_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2为该系列材料的最优比例.然后采用原位X射线吸收谱技术,对富锂材料在首周活化过程中的机理进行了研究.同步辐射结果表明,在首周充电过程中,镍和钴的价态分别从+2、+3价氧化到+4价,而对于锰来讲,虽然在富锂锰基材料活化的过程中其周围的局域电子结构发生了一定的变化,但是其化合价始终维持在+4价没有发生变化.     

LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的低温性能及动力学分析

通过高温烧结制备了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,并用XRD、SEM和恒流充放电对材料的结构、形貌和低温电性能进行了表征,通过线性极化、GITT和EIS等手段研究分析了低温下LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2性能变差的原因.结果表明,-20℃时,LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料的0.1、0.2、1和5 C倍率放电比容量依次为25℃时同倍率下放电比容量的83.2%、68.4%、57.2%和34.1%,放电中值电压比25℃时依次降低了0.049、0.125、0.364和0.531 V.低温充放电过程表现出明显的极化现象,其中最显著的极化来自锂离子穿过活性物质/电解液界面过程以及电荷转移过程,而非锂离子在电极材料内部的扩散过程.     

(1-x)Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3陶瓷的制备

铌镍酸铅;钙钛矿相;驰豫铁电陶瓷;(1-x)Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3陶瓷的制备     

LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2@C复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用活性炭吸附含Co~(2+),Mn~(2+),Ni~(2+)和Li~+的乙酸盐混合溶液,辅以高温热处理制备了碳包覆LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O2(NCM@C).透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测结果表明,碳包覆层的厚度约为10 nm.电化学性能测试结果表明,在0.2C下首次放电比容量为181 m A·h/g,首次充放电效率为90.7%;在20C倍率下,NCM@C仍具有78 m A·h/g的放电比容量,而采用溶胶凝胶法制备的Li Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O2(NCM)的比容量仅为39 m A·h/g;NCM@C还表现出良好的循环稳定性,在0.2C倍率下循环50周容量保持率为88.1%,而NCM容量保持率仅为66.4%.     

ZnO包覆LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的表面结构和电化学性能

在LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料表面包覆ZnO,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和光电子能谱(XPS)分析包覆层对正极材料表面状态的改变,并考察了改性后材料的放电容量、首次不可逆容量等电化学性能变化.结果表明:ZnO主要存在于材料表面并影响着材料表面组成和电化学性质,材料表面镍和锰的含量随着包覆量的增加而增大;400oC热处理可使过渡金属与锌在材料表面形成复合氧化物,过渡金属的结合能增大;包覆2%(by mass,下同)的ZnO可有效抑制55 oC下充放电时3.6 V附近的不可逆反应,提高了材料的首次库仑效率;包覆2%ZnO的电池材料在55oC/0.5C的放电比容量和循环寿命最佳.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2的制备及研究

采用水热法合成了LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2作为锂离子电池的正极材料,采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、X-射线能谱仪(EDX)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其进行了表征,通过循环伏安(CV)测试、阻抗测试(EIS)和充放电测试探究了其作为正极材料的电化学性能。结果表明:该材料表现出了良好的循环性能和倍率性能,在0.2C(1C=170 mA/g)的电流密度下,其容量为160 mAh/g以上,在0.5C下,首次放电容量为143 mAh/g以上,200个循环后容量仍然有121.5 mAh/g,容量保持率在84%以上。     

The impact of upper cut-off voltages on the electrochemical behaviors of composite electrode 0.3Li(2)MnO(3)·0.7LiMn(1/3)Ni(1/3)Co(1/3)O(2)

This work has initiated an investigation on the electrochemical behaviors and the structure changes of the composite electrode 0.3Li(2)MnO(3)·0.7LiMn(1/3)Ni(1/3)Co(1/3)O(2) when charged with different cut-off voltages. It is found that the charge cut-off voltages could not only affect the capacity property and coulombic efficiency, but also alter the electrode kinetics of the composite. As a consequence, the electrochemical activation of the composite electrode is highly dependent on the charge cut-off voltages: when the charge cut-off voltage is higher than 4.5 V, the inert component Li(2)MnO(3) in the composite electrode is completely activated. At the meanwhile, there occurred an irreversible oxygen loss during the initial charge process, which yielded a hollow sphere in the electrode. Regardless of charge voltages, Mn ions in the composite electrode were presented in an oxidation state of +4, while Co(2+) ions were detected at the surface of the electrode when cycled at low voltages. Ni ions in the composite could react with organic or inorganic species and then cover the surface of the cycled electrode.     

1,2,4-Triphospholyl gold(I) and copper(I) complexes: synthesis,crystal and molecular structures of [Cu(PMe3)2(μ-P3C2tBu2)(μ-I)Cu(PMe3)2], [Cu(PMe3)2(μ-P3C2tBu2)2Cu(PMe3)2] and [Au(η1-P3C2tBu2)2][Au(PEt3)2]

Treatment of K(P₃C₂^tBu₂) with Cu₂I₂ and PMe₃ gave the binuclear complex [Cu(PMe₃)₂(μ-P₃C₂^tBu₂)₂Cu(PMe₃)₂] via the isolated intermediate compound [Cu(PMe₃)₂(μ-P₃C₂^tBu₂)(μ-I)Cu(PMe₃)₂]. The reaction of K(P₃C₂^tBu₂) with [AuCl(PEt₃)] on the otherhand gave the cation:anion complex [Au(PEt₃)₂][Au(η¹-P₃C₂^tBu₂)₂]. All complexes were fully characterised by multinuclear spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.     

共沸蒸馏法制备高性能LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极材料

三元复合氧化物镍钴锰酸锂(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)因兼有LiNiO2和LiCoO2的优点,被认为是最有可能取代LiCoO2的新型正极材料而受到广泛关注.本文采用一种改进的共沉淀方法合成了LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,以共沸蒸馏干燥前驱物.结果表明,共沸干燥法最终得到的产物比普通干燥法得到的产物具有更高的比容量、更好的循环性能以及更优的倍率性能.究其原因,可归结为共沸干燥得到的样品颗粒更小,且粒径分布更均匀,球形度高,比表面积大,促进了锂离子的扩散,因而提高了其电化学性能.     

纳米片LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极材料的制备与研究

采用氢氧化物共沉淀-高温煅烧方法成功制备出具有较低阳离子混排的纳米片LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(LNCM)正极材料。这种纳米片有利于锂离子的扩散。所以纳米片LNCM正极材料表现出了比商业化LNCM材料更加优异的倍率性能:在3.0~4.6 V下,10 C首次放电容量可达85.5 mAh·g-1,能量密度可达310.2 Wh·kg-1。     

Synthesis of 2-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-alkenyl)-1-pyrrolines and 2-(3-hydroxybutyl)-1-pyrroline using α-lithiated 2-methyl-1-pyrroline

Condensation of 2-methyl-1-pyrroline with chloroacetone or 3-chloro-2-butanone using LDA in THF afforded novel 2-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-alkenyl)-1-pyrrolines via a peculiar reaction mechanism instead of the anticipated 2-(3-oxobutyl)-1-pyrrolines. The intermediacy of 2-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylalkyl)-1-pyrrolines in the latter transformation was demonstrated by immediate reductive epoxide ring opening utilizing lithium aluminium hydride in diethyl ether. Furthermore, 2-(3-oxobutyl)-1-pyrroline was prepared via an alternative approach through alkylation of 2-methyl-1-pyrroline with 3-chloro-2-(methoxymethyloxy)-1-propene using LDA in THF, followed by acid hydrolysis. Reduction of 2-(3-oxobutyl)-1-pyrroline by sodium borohydride in methanol afforded the corresponding 2-(3-hydroxybutyl)-1-pyrroline in good yield.     

锂离子正极材料Li(Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3))_(1-x)Al_xO_2的制备及电化学性能

以化学法合成Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1-xAlxO2系列正极材料(0≤x≤0.1);用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和充放电仪研究系列产物的晶体微观结构、表面形貌以及电化学性能,研究不同Al含量参杂对材料性能的影响。结果表明,合成的材料均属于六方晶系,R3m空间群,保持α-NaFeO2层状结构相;Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.95Al0.05O2的首次放电容量166.30 mA·h/g,在2.5~4.5 V区间60次循环后比容量衰竭率为4.43%。通过对比Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.95Al0.05O2和Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2的电极阻抗,分析它们的电化学循环机理,可知掺杂Al后的正极材料适合大倍率放电。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2在LiNO_3溶液中的电化学性能研究

由溶胶凝胶法合成的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2在水溶液体系中具有优异的高倍率充放电性能,放电时能够输出极高功率密度.XRD表征证明合成的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料具有层状α-NaFeO2结构,SEM形貌显示材料的粒径约为500nm,恒电流充放电测试表明LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料在pH12的2mol·L-1LiNO3溶液中,以2C(0.36A/g)倍率充放时,比容量达到了147mAh/g.如以80C(14.4A/g)、150C(27A/g)和220C(39.6A/g)的倍率充放,材料的比容量仍可达到64mAh/g、33mAh/g和16mAh/g,而全电池的功率密度分别达到2574W/kg、3925W/kg、4967W/kg.其中80C倍率充放,经1000周循环后,容量保持率为90.9%.     

钠离子电池正极材料NaNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2高压衰减机理（英文）

首次通过简单的固相反应合成了NaNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2材料,并对其合适的电化学工作条件进行了探索。在此基础上对其在高充电电压下的衰减机理进行了研究。通过非原位XRD和电化学阻抗谱等电化学手段综合分析高充电电压下的衰减机理,发现随着充电电压升高至4 V,界面层的不断增厚与材料结构的不可逆变化同时导致了电化学性能的衰减。     

Effect of Various Synthesis methods on the Electrochemical Properties of LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2

Layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 has the isostructure of α-NaFeO2 and shows high rate capacity with stable cycleability. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of this material is milder than that of lithium nickel oxide and lithium cobalt oxide. In addition, it is expected to be stable at elevated temperatures. Therefore LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 may be the most promising cathode materials of lithium-ion secondary battery. In this research, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by solid-state reaction, s…     

锂离子电池正极材料(LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2)的流变相法合成及其电化学性能

以Li2CO3,Ni(NO3)2,Co2O3和Mn O2为原料,经流变相法合成了锂离子电池正极材料Li Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(1),其结构和形貌经XRD和SEM表征。考察了煅烧温度(T)和煅烧时间(t)对1Tt电化学性能的影响。采用乙炔黑作导电剂,制备了1Tt的锂离子正极材料(2Tt)。电化学性能测试结果表明:于800℃煅烧12 h制备的280012电化学性能最好。在充放电条件[2.5 V~4.5 V,0.2 C倍率]下,280012首次放电比容量为180 m Ah·g-1,循环性较好。     

Synthesis of 1-alkoxy-3-methyl-1-triazene 2-oxides and 3, 3´-methylene-bis(1-alkoxy-3-methyl-1-triazene 2-oxides)

Russian Chemical Bulletin - A method for the synthesis of 1-alkoxy-3-methyl-1-triazene 2-oxides and their salts with alkali metals was developed. 3,...