气相色谱-质谱法测定温室大棚土壤中13种有机磷酸酯

该文建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测温室大棚土壤中磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丙酯、磷酸三正丁酯、磷酸三异丁酯、磷酸三丁氧乙酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己基)酯、磷酸三(2 氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(1 氯 2-丙基)酯、磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸甲苯二苯酯、2 乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯13种有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的分析方法,并优化了提取溶剂、提取方式、提取时间、萃取柱种类和色谱条件等实验参数。样品以正己烷-丙酮(体积比1∶1)为提取溶剂超声提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱净化,再采用气相色谱-质谱法(选择离子监测模式)检测,内标法定量。结果显示：13种化合物在1~500 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r2)为0.999 3~0.999 7,检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.04~2.31 μg/L,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.13~7.69 μg/L,在3个加标浓度(1.0、10、50 μg/L)下的回收率为54.5%~130%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~9.9%。采用该方法对北京地区温室蔬菜大棚中41份土壤样品进行分析发现,除磷酸三丙酯(TPrP)外,其余12种OPEs均有检出,含量为1.90~632 ng/g(干重),平均值为87.8 ng/g,中位值为39.7 ng/g。其中磷酸三丁氧乙酯(TBEP)是温室土壤中最主要的OPEs,约占12种有机磷酸酯总含量(∑12OPEs)的20%。该方法操作简便、快速、精密度良好,可用于土壤中13种OPEs的测定。     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中6种有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂和增塑剂

采用C18固相萃取小柱富集环境水样中6种常见的有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂和增塑剂,经气相色谱/质谱(选择离子扫描模式)检测,内标法定量,优化了固相萃取和气相色谱质谱检测参数。磷酸三(丁氧乙基)酯二次回归相关系数大于0.999,定量限为32ng/L。其余磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯、磷酸三(1,3-二氯异丙基)酯和磷酸三苯酯5种有机磷酸酯组分在10~800μg/L浓度范围线性相关系数大于0.999,定量限介于1.1~4.1ng/L。纯水加标样品中6种组分回收率范围为73%~112%,相对标准偏差范围为1.2%~12.9%。应用该方法分析了太湖、长江和自来水样品,均检出多种有机磷酸酯组分,且太湖中浓度水平高于长江。实际样品中6种组分的加标回收率范围为83%~146%,相对标准偏差范围为0.9%~15.1%。     

液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法测定土壤中痕量二苯羟乙酸-3-喹咛环酯

建立了土壤中痕量二苯羟乙酸-3-喹咛环酯(BZ)的液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱检测方法。BZ含量在10~400 ng/m L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9992,仪器定量限为5 ng/m L;在ESS-1标准土壤中的方法检出限为6.5 ng/g,在花园土中的方法检出限为6.5 ng/g;在沙土中的方法检出限为7.4 ng/g。对上述3种土壤中的BZ进行不同水平的加标回收率实验,得到方法的回收率为71%~97%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为1.3%~10%。方法已用于实际样品的检测。通过对BZ电喷雾二级质谱主要裂解途径的研究,明确了特征碎片离子的结构。     

超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速测定大米中15种营养成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap HRMS)同时快速检测大米中15种营养成分(8种维生素E、6种γ-谷维素及β-胡萝卜素)的方法。样品经过含0.05%(v/v)2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)的甲醇溶液超声提取处理后,用Poroshell 120 PFP色谱柱(150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相,在正离子模式下通过UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap HRMS进行全扫描分析。15种营养成分可在13 min内获得满意的分离效果。15种营养成分在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.995 0,15种营养成分的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2~1.8μg/L,定量限(S/N=10)为0.7~6.1μg/L,在3个添加水平下的平均加标回收率分别为73.2%~101.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%~5.0%(n=3)。该法准确,高效,可靠,适用于大米中多种营养成分的同时测定。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定灯盏花及其土壤中阿特拉津和二甲戊乐灵残留

建立了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS)同时测定灯盏花及其土壤中阿特拉津和二甲戊乐灵2种除草剂的农药残留。样品采用丙酮-二氯甲烷(1∶1,V/V)加速溶剂萃取,弗罗里硅土柱层析净化,用GC/MS选择离子监测(SIM)法测定。结果表明,2种除草剂在0.05~2.00mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数分别为0.9987~1.0000(灯盏花),0.9880~0.9980(土壤);在0.1、0.5和1.0mg/L添加水平下,2种除草剂在灯盏花及其土壤中的平均回收率分别为67.38%~104.02%和71.69%~105.58%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.21%~13.48%和2.65%~18.26%,方法的检出限(LOD)在灯盏花中为3.00~4.10ng/g,在土壤中为1.50~2.50ng/g。应用该法成功测定了云南省灯盏花及其土壤样品中2种除草剂残留。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中禁用的9种有机磷阻燃剂

建立了液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)对纺织品中9种禁用有机磷阻燃剂:磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)、三-(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯(TRIS)、三-(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCP)、三-(邻甲苯基)磷酸酯(TOCP)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、2,2-二(氯甲基)-1,3-丙二醇双[双(2氯乙基)]磷酸酯(V6)、磷酸叔丁基二苯酯(MDPP)、磷酸苯基(二叔丁基苯基)酯(DBPP)和磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)的检测方法。在40℃条件下,以丙酮为溶剂超声萃取30 min,溶液经过滤后进行UPLC-MS/MS检测。在所确定的色谱条件下,线性范围为0.005~10 mg/L,回收率为83.1%~109.8%,相对标准偏差为5.4%~9.7%,检出限为0.06~25μg/L(S/N=3)。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中7种有机磷酸酯代谢物

利用液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(LC-MS/MS)联用技术,建立了人尿液中7种有机磷酸酯代谢产物-有机磷酸二酯的检测方法.针对不同理化性质的有机磷酸二酯,采用固相萃取技术进行富集净化,筛选出高效的固相萃取柱,并对其洗脱条件进行优化;同时,对流动相和质谱参数进行优化,获取用于各代谢产物定性与定量分析的特征离子对.研究结果表明,前处理采用Oasis WAX固相萃取柱富集、2 mL含5%氨水的甲醇和2 mL甲醇洗脱目标物,除磷酸二乙酯(DEP,17.8%~36.2%)外,其余目标化合物回收率均在60.5%~104.0%之间.在优化的液相色谱条件下,7种化合物可达到完全基线分离.7种有机磷酸二酯的检测限和定量限分别在0.005~0.2μg/L和0.02~0.5μg/L之间,日内和日间精密度结果(RSD≤15.4%)表明,本方法具有较好的稳定性和重现性.本方法用于普通人群尿液中有机磷酸二酯的检测,7种化合物在尿液中均有检出,总浓度在0.5~6.7μg/L之间.     

珠三角地区人群血浆中邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露水平研究

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法对珠三角地区人群血浆中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的暴露情况进行分析。样品预处理采用乙腈沉淀蛋白,正己烷液液萃取。结果表明,血浆中检出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DnBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己基酯(DCHP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)。其中DEHP的检出率为100%;其次为DiBP、DnBP与DMP,检出率分别为98.0%、62.0%和49.0%;DCHP与BBP的检出率最低,均为5.00%。∑PAEs的含量为12.4～1 399 ng/g,中值与平均值分别为39.8、57.7 ng/g。6种PAEs中DEHP占比最高,为90.01%～99.96%。对不同性别与年龄人群的PAEs暴露水平进行研究,发现女性与低年龄组(≤40岁)人群血浆中的PAEs浓度较高,但仅DMP存在显著性差异。     

非平衡固相微萃取联用气相色谱测定蔬菜中残留有机磷

建立了非平衡固相微萃取与气相色谱联用测定蔬菜中残留有机磷农药的方法。探讨了影响SPME萃取效果的纤维涂层、搅拌类型、离子强度、萃取时间等因素,并对蔬菜样品的预处理进行了研究。该方法检出限分别为乙硫磷7.5 ng/g;甲拌磷2.5 ng/g;二嗪农5.0 ng/g;异硫磷5.0 ng/g;对硫磷8.3 ng/g。线性范围为0.005~1μg/mL(相关系数r=0.9968);回收率为77.6%~91.6%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.97%~9.0%。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定得克隆及其相关化台物在土壤样品中的含量

建立了得克隆(DP)及其脱氯产物和结构类似物等共11种化合物的气相色谱-串联质谱联用分析方法,并用于环境土壤中目标物的分析和污染特征研究.土壤样品抽提液经多段硅胶-氧化铝柱净化后,采用如下仪器条件分析:电子轰击电离源;选择反应离子对监测模式;DB-5HT毛细管柱(15 m×0.25 mm i.d.,0.1μm);进样口温度260℃,传输线温度280℃,离子源温度250℃;无分流进样1μL,载气为氦气(1.5 mL/min).实验结果表明,测定DP及其相关化合物的标准曲线线性范围为4~5个数量级,线性相关系数在0.9977~0.9999之间,仪器检出限在0.005~0.100 pg之间,方法检出限为0.25~5.00 fg/g,50 pg/μL标准样品平行5次进样的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%~19.8%.对某典型污染区及其周边地区土壤进行分析,其中DP及相关化合物的总浓度在0.275~681 ng/g dw之间,检出率100%;单个目标物浓度在n.d.~537 ng/g dw之间,其中anti-DP和syn-DP为优势污染物,样品及质控样品中两种回收率指示物的加标回收率分别为55.0%~103.0%和83.4%~107.0%,空白/基质加标样品中目标物的平均回收率和RSD分别为53.9%~117.0%和6.0%~19.1%.     

液液提取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体血液中16种有机磷酸酯

人体体液中有机磷酸酯(OPEs)浓度的测定对于了解人体OPEs的暴露水平以及评估人体健康风险具有重要意义.然而,目前的研究大多数集中于尿液中OPEs代谢物含量的分析测定,将其作为人体OPEs暴露的生物标志物,而对人体血液中OPEs的分析研究较少,仅有的少量研究涉及的OPEs种类有限.该研究在优化前处理过程(固相萃取,S...     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定儿童手推车中3种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂

有机磷酸酯是一类重要的磷系阻燃剂,由于其具有类似持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants, POPs)的性质,欧美等国家已纷纷设立相关法规限制其在儿童用品中的使用。目前国际和国内均未有儿童手推车中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的检测标准。本文建立了儿童手推车中3种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的超声萃取-弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化-气相色谱/质谱检测方法。该方法的加标回收率为89.5%~107.3%,检出限(3S/N)为0.01 mg/kg,定量限(10S/N)为0.1 mg/kg,能较好地排除基质干扰,适用于儿童手推车软垫材料中3种有机磷酸酯的定性和定量分析。37个样品的分析结果表明,磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)的检出率为81.1%,含量范围为1.0~15312.8 mg/kg,依据欧盟玩具新指令2014/79/EU, TCPP超标(> 5 mg/kg)率为32.4%;其中2个样品中还检出了磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)和磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCP),含量范围为6.2~44.1 mg/kg,均已超标。可见,市场上的儿童手推车存在较高的有机磷酸酯阻燃剂暴露风险。     

自制混合型小柱净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中有机磷酸酯代谢物和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷

建立了基于自制混合型小柱的样品净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定7种有机磷酸酯（OPEs）主要代谢产物及生物标志物8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取后用自制小柱富集净化,以乙腈-0.2%（v/v）氨水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测模式下进行定性和定量分析。结果显示,8种目标物在0.1~200 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,7种OPEs代谢物的回收率为52.36%~114.56%,8-OHdG回收率为88.63%~97.72%。将该方法应用于人体尿液实际样品中,7种OPEs代谢物和8-OHdG的检出范围分别为6.24~46.07 μg/L和5.90~16.71 μg/L,8-OHdG与7种OPEs代谢物总含量之间存在显著相关性。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、准确性好、重现性强,可为更全面地评价人体内OPEs暴露水平及机体损伤提供可靠的技术支持。     

食品中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂检测技术的研究进展

有机磷酸酯(OPEs)是阻燃剂和塑化剂的主要原料,通常以添加形式存在于各种材料中,在生产和使用过程中伴随磨损和挥发易释放到环境中,现已成为新兴污染物。因为该类化合物的神经毒性、致癌性、破坏内分泌系统以及生殖系统等毒性,食品样品中OPEs的检测成为近年来关注的热点。该文重点围绕食品基质中OPEs检测存在的含量低、本底干扰严重、缺乏灵敏可靠分析方法等问题,对OPEs类化合物的性质、样品前处理、检测技术、质量控制等进行了全面评述。首先总结了30余种常见OPEs类化合物的类型、官能团、极性、沸点等理化性质,对可能的前处理和检测技术进行了理论分析;其次梳理了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)、基质固相分散萃取(MSPD)、微波辅助萃取(MAE)、超声辅助萃取(UAE)、QuEChERS、固相萃取(SPE)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、分散固相萃取(d-SPE)等前处理方法在食品中OPEs化合物分析中的特点,其中UAE和QuEChERS结合多步净化能够有效降低高脂类食品的基质效应,具有良好应用前景;此外比较了气相色谱和液相色谱在分离和检测方面的优缺点,比较已有文献的检出限、回收率等数据;概括了标准品和内标物来源、过程污染与基质效应的产生原因和预防措施;最后对高分辨质谱筛查和鉴别OPEs未知代谢物,以及相关分析方法趋势进行了展望。     

Improved and new syntheses of potential molecular electronics devices

New syntheses of ethyl and nitro substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) have been developed. To further explore whether the presence of nitro functionality in OPEs leads to switching and memory capabilities, new nitro substituted OPEs have been designed and synthesized. An isatogen-based system, a structure that is isomeric to the nitro OPE, has been synthesized. Additionally, pyridine-based and chromium-based compounds have been synthesized. We surmise that redox reactions of these candidates may impart switching capabilities and electrochemical studies are shown. U-shaped OPEs were synthesized to inhibit leakage of metals deposited during formation of top contacts on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The OPEs contain either thiol-based moieties or isonitrile groups to enable formation of SAMs on metal substrates.     

Diamine anchored molecular junctions of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) cruciform

Using diamine as anchoring group, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) and cruciform OPEs with an extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) (OPE3 and OPE3-TTF) were successfully formed on the Au substrate and then utilized in molecular junctions by conductingprobe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM).     

Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for high throughput determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental water

Widely used as flame retardants, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are now broadly present in the indoor and outdoor environments. Currently available liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods share some drawbacks with gas chromatography (GC) methods, including time consuming, limited target OPEs, incomplete separation capability for some OPEs and low throughput. In this study, a fast and high throughput LC-MS/MS method was developed. For the first time, all the twelve OPEs that have been studied in literature, ranging from the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate to the very hydrophobic and non-volatile tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, were separated within 11 min. Different from previous studies, we found that the blank contamination was mainly from organic mobile phase rather than the enrichment process, and it can be efficiently eliminated by using acetonitrile rather than methanol as the organic phase of the mobile phase. The signal to noise ratio (S/N) was significantly improved by using 0.1% formic acid as an organic modifier. The method exhibited high throughput and sensitivity and can baseline separate 11 of the 12 OPEs studied within 11 min with LOQs ranging from 2 to 6 ng/L. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 2-10%. For both reagent water and river water, the spiked recoveries of OPEs ranged from 70 to 110%, except for the very polar and volatile trimethyl phosphate that has recovery below 10%. The developed procedure was successfully applied to study the OPE contamination of the Songhua River, and it was found that all the target OPEs were detected with total concentrations of around 1 μg/L in the river waters.     

Determination of organophosphorous flame retardants in fish tissues by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), utilized as flame retarding agents and/or plasticizers, are almost ubiquitous in environmental compartments, and biota and foods could be contaminated by bioaccumulation or during the treatment processes. A multiresidue method is proposed for the determination of 13 OPEs in fish tissues: analytes were simultaneously extracted and purified using the matrix solid phase dispersion technique and then determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection. The main parameters affecting extraction yield and selectivity, such as the type of dispersant material, clean-up co-sorbent, rinse and elution solvents, were evaluated to obtain lipid-free extracts and quantitative recoveries for OPEs. Under optimal conditions, 0.5 g of samples was dispersed with 2 g Florisil and 1 g anhydrous sodium sulphate and transferred to a solid phase extraction cartridge containing 1 g alumina. The lipids were removed using 5 mL n-hexane/dichloromethane (1:1) and analytes were recovered with 10 mL n-hexane/acetone (6:4) and directly analysed. The method developed provided recoveries between 70 and 110% for different kinds of fish, and the day-to-day variability was between 1 and 9%. This procedure constitutes the first analytical method for the analysis of OPEs in a food matrix and it is applicable to analyse a large number of samples to evaluate the occurrence and sources of OPEs in biota and foods.     

Synthesis of nitrile-terminated potential molecular electronic devices

Several potential molecular devices have been synthesized consisting of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) backbones containing a terminal nitrile group alligator clip as a means of attachment to a metal surface. The synthesis of four new nitrile-containing OPEs is discussed, including an improved synthesis of an intermediate used in our prior production of OPEs containing acetate-protected thiol alligator clips.     

C_(18)膜萃取/液相色谱-质谱联用法测定极地水体中有机磷酸酯

建立了C_(18)膜萃取/液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定极地水体中10种有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的方法。根据优化后的样品前处理及仪器方法,利用C_(18)膜富集4 L水体中的10种OPEs,经二氯甲烷超声提取,在电喷雾正离子模式下,采用选择反应监测(SRM)模式进行分析,线性相关系数为0.994 4~0.999 9。10种OPEs的加标回收率为64.1%~115%,方法检出限为0.08~0.55 ng/L。该方法适用于极地水体中10种OPEs的分析,利用该方法对北极水体样品中的10种OPEs进行检测,测得冰川融水中∑OPEs的质量浓度为0.64~6.64 ng/L,海水中∑OPEs的质量浓度为0.09~2.03 ng/L。