Manufacturing at Nanoscale: Top-Down,Bottom-up and System Engineering

The current nano-technology revolution is facing several major challenges: to manufacture nanodevices below 20 nm, to fabricate three-dimensional complex nano-structures, and to heterogeneously integrate multiple functionalities. To tackle these grand challenges, the Center for Scalable and Integrated NAno-Manufacturing (SINAM), a NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, set its goal to establish a new manufacturing paradigm that integrates an array of new nano-manufacturing technologies, including the plasmonic imaging lithography and ultramolding imprint lithography aiming toward critical resolution of 1–10 nm and the hybrid top-down and bottom-up technologies to achieve massively parallel integration of heterogeneous nanoscale components into higher-order structures and devices. Furthermore, SINAM will develop system engineering strategies to scale-up the nano-manufacturing technologies. SINAMs integrated research and education platform will shed light to a broad range of potential applications in computing, telecommunication, photonics, biotechnology, health care, and national security.     

空间光学遥感器CCD焦面组件热设计

空间光学遥感器CCD焦面组件的热控工作旨在保证CCD器件所需温度水平和温度梯度,以满足遥感器高质量成像要求。分析了CCD焦面组件的工作模式与热控要求,遵循"被动热控为主,主动热控为辅"的热控制策略,提出了CCD焦面组件的热设计方法。在此基础上通过Sinda/G和TMG软件进行了计算机仿真,验证了热设计的正确性,对各类空间光学遥感器CCD焦面组件的热设计有一定的指导和借鉴作用。     

Preparation, characterization and properties of amino-functionalized montmorillonite and composite layer-by-layer assembly with inorganic nanosheets

An amino-functionalized montmorillonite (APTMS-MMT) was prepared by the grafting of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) on the surface of MMT via the ultrasonic synthesis process and characterized by a variety of techniques: FT-IR, thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), particles size analysis and ζ-potential measurement. The results showed the size and size distribution of APTMS-MMT particles were decreased, and the ζ-potential of particles was increased obviously via the ultrasonic synthesis process. The particles of 30% APTMS-MMT_US (MMT modified with 30 wt% APTMS with ultrasonic synthesis process) had a z-average diameter of about 500 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.2. The resultant 30% APTMS-MMT_US was dispersed uniformly and stably in water. The poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/APTMS-MMT multilayer films were grown through layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of PAA and APTMS-MMT. SEM results indicated that the ultrasonic synthesis of APTMS-MMT increased dispersability of clay sheets at high loadings. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of PAA/APTMS-MMT composites were investigated by TGA and tensile test respectively. The results showed the ultrasonic synthesis of APTMS-MMT enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical properties of PAA/APTMS-MMT composites significantly. PAA/30% APTMS-MMT_US composite displayed 3 times higher strength and 6 times higher Young's modulus when compared with pure PAA polymer.     

Analytical solution for multilayer assembly including heating and cooling cycles with laser pulse parameter variation

Laser heating of surfaces is involved with heating and cooling cycles. Material response to a laser pulse in the heating cycle is rapid while in the cooling cycle it is gradual. In this case, temperature rises rapidly in the heating cycle while temperature decay is gradual in the cooling cycle. Depending on the laser pulse properties (pulse length and intensity), the rise and fall of temperature profiles change in the surface region of the substrate material. In the present study, an analytical solution for laser heating pulse is presented and a closed-form solution for temperature distribution inside the multilayer assembly is obtained. Steel is considered as top layer while copper is situated below steel in the multilayer assembly. It is found that the analytical solution agrees well with the numerical predictions. Temperature rise in steel is higher than copper. This is due to the thickness of steel, which is larger than the absorption depth. In this case, internal energy gain dominates over the heat conduction in the energy transport process.     

Self‐assembly of p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes and metal cations into nanoscale three‐dimensional particles

The shape of supramolecular aggregates based on stereoisomers of p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes functionalized with secondary, tertiary amide and hydrazide groups at the lower rim in cone, partial cone and 1,3‐alternate conformations with several metal cations were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The examined p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes form host–guest complexes; dimers, spherics ellipsoids and elongated nanoscale particles depending on the conformation of macrocycles, the nature of the binding centers and the nature of the metal cation. Only associates formed by p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes with morpholide groups at the lower rim in cone conformation with silver cations exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the perfect penrose tiling and its basic building blocks

We show that the basic building blocks of a perfect Penrose pattern (PPT) in two dimensions can be established by adding another condition to the Penrose’s original edge rules. The implications of this result are discussed in the context of recent papers by Onada, Jaric, Ronchetti and others concerning growth algorithm for PPT’s.     

两个二能级原子与辐射场的量子动力学性质

用完全量子化方法研究两个二能级原子与腔场相互作用过程中，原子能级占居几率与辐射场的量子动力学性质，讨论了原子间耦合及激光发场对上述性质的影响，揭示了原子耦合与原子－场相互作用之间的联系。     

组件与非组件式热阴极的热特性分析

利用ANSYS软件研究了组件式热阴极与非组件式热阴极在阴极温度分布和启动时间等特性上的异同,并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明：组件与非组件式结构的阴极表面温度分布都十分均匀,组件式阴极钼筒外表面的温差与热子输入功率成正比;组件式阴极的钼筒外温度、阴极温度高于非组件式的,而热子温度明显低于非组件式的,但非组件式阴极启动更快;非组件式阴极通过增加阴极下表面发射率可以显著升高阴极温度,增加热子发射率可以显著降低热子温度,从而热性能也能达到与组件式阴极相近水准。     

Atomic assembly of metal surfaces and interfaces

Inert gas ion impacts can be used to manipulate atomic assembly processes during the growth of metallic superlattices but the detailed mechanisms are not well understood. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effects of ion incident angle and fluence upon the reassembly and structure of a copper surface partially covered with cobalt asperities. In the low ion energy regime, increasing the ion fluence decreases the cobalt layer surface roughness while gradually leading to an increase in the degree of interfacial mixing. The flattening of asperities occurs by direct (athermal) ion activation of an Ehrlich-Schwoebel mechanism of atom jumping. Intermixing of cobalt surface atoms in an underlying copper layer is found to occur by a knock-on process and the lowest energy barriers for this occur in low-index 〈1 1 0〉 and 〈1 1 2〉 crystal (channeling) directions. The mechanistic insights gained from the study are used to simulate the ion assisted growth of a Cu/Co/Cu multilayer system. Using ion parameters chosen to selectively activate atomic assembly mechanisms that promote flat, unmixed interfacial structures, it is shown that Cu/Co/Cu multilayer structures with high quality, smooth and chemically sharp interfaces can be obtained by using oblique, low energy, moderate fluence ion assistance with an ion mass that is similar to the atomic mass of the metals.     

磁性液体中非磁性小球与磁性纳米颗粒的相互作用及磁组装

利用磁性液体与聚苯乙烯小球溶液混合得到的复合磁性液体, 研究了聚苯乙烯小球和磁性纳米颗粒在外加磁场作用下的动力学过程. 实验结果表明, 当外加磁场的方向平行于样品平面时, 聚苯乙烯小球在沿着磁场的方向上表现出相互吸引而形成链状结构, 其动力学过程可分为聚苯乙烯小球被反磁化产生相互吸引而形成短链的快过程以及短链间相互吸引形成长链的慢过程; 当外加磁场的方向垂直于样品平面时, 相邻聚苯乙烯小球表现出排斥的相互作用而形成短程有序的二维结构, 当磁场强度增加到一定的阈值时, 聚苯乙烯小球和磁性纳米颗粒形成的团簇会产生相互吸引而组装成复合式的花瓣结构. 关键词： 磁性液体 磁组装 非磁性颗粒     

Simultaneous control of nanocrystal size and nanocrystal-nanocrystal separation in CdS nanocrystal assembly

We report an easy, one pot synthesis to prepare ordered CdS nanocrystals with varying inter-particle separation and characterize the particle separation using x-ray diffraction at low and wide angles.     

Simulation and fabrication of THz waveguides with silicon wafer by using eye-shaped pillars as building blocks

Silicon-based photonic crystal is a promising material for terahertz (THz) waveguide due to its high refractive index contrast. In this work, we introduce eye-shaped pillars as the feature building blocks for two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals. The simulation study shows that larger TE mode band gaps (PBGs) can be created by the arrangement of dielectric eye-shaped pillars in air. The reflective spectra demonstrate that there are complex PBGs, where the peak position and intensity can be changed by varying the parameter e. Moreover, the peak of reflective spectra exhibits an obvious blue shift with the increase of incidence angle of light. When the vacant space in the structure is filled by polystyrene (PS) microspheres of 2 μm in diameter, the peak intensity of reflective spectra reduces significantly compared with that without PS microspheres, which suggests that this design can act as a sensor in the fields of biology, agriculture or medicine.     

超临界水堆燃料组件选型论证研究

开展SCWR燃料组件性能分析及设计论证,分析研究SCWR组件设计目标,对比分析各类组件设计理念的物理热工性能与结构可实现性,论证选取综合性能优化的SCWR燃料组件方案。组件选型论证研究表明,大水棒方形组件方案采用结构设计较为简单的单水棒、组合式方形燃料组件,能够为燃料元件提供充分、均匀的慢化,而且慢化剂和冷却剂分流简单,具备良好的物理热工性能与结构可实现性,满足SCWR组件设计目标。     

一种微波光子探测器组件的封装设计与实现

为实现微波光子系统的高集成度、高可靠性,进行了一种微波光子探测器组件的封装设计与实现。介绍了定制化封装设计思路,选择可伐合金作为壳体材料,采用的卧式贴装方案中选用斜面透镜光纤,给出了封装工艺流程和关键工艺点,最终封装的组件光电耦合效率在68%～79%之间,满足总体指标需求。该组件通过混合集成封装方法,实现了微波芯片与光子芯片在同一封装内的阵列化集成及气密性封装。该组件的封装设计与实现方法,可用于其他微波光子产品,有助于提升光载射频传输系统的集成度与可靠性。     

Dissipative solitons with energy and matter flows: Fundamental building blocks for the world of living organisms

We consider a combined model of dissipative solitons that are generated due to the balance between gain and loss of energy as well as to the balance between input and output of matter. The system is governed by the generic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation, which is coupled to a common reaction–diffusion (RD) system. Such a composite dynamical system may describe nerve pulses with a significant part of electromagnetic energy involved. We present examples of such composite dissipative solitons and analyse their internal balances between energy and matter generation and dissipation.     

Construction and Application of a UHV Compatible Cluster Deposition System

The design and operation of a new UHV-compatible atomic cluster deposition system is described. The design is optimised for high cluster fluxes and for the production of cluster-assembled nano-devices. One key feature of the system is a high degree of flexibility, including interchangeable sputtering and inert gas aggregation sources, and two kinds of mass spectrometer, which allow both characterisation of the cluster size distribution and deposition of mass-selected clusters. Another key feature is that clusters are deposited onto electrically contacted lithographically defined devices mounted on an UHV-compatible cryostat cold finger, allowing deposition at room temperature as well as cryogenic and elevated temperatures. In-situ electrical characterisation of cluster-assembled devices can then be performed in the temperature range 1.2--75 K.     

大口径精密投影光刻制版镜头的光学装校

对于大口径精密投影光刻制版镜头来说 ,透镜的应力变形和中心误差对整个系统的成像质量有较大影响。详细介绍了一种减小应力变形的特殊结构和在一种光学装校过程中多镜组整体对接的方法 ,给出了对接前后的偏心测量数据以及镜头实际曝光的图形。     

核酸-金属复合物及其在原子制造领域的应用

原子及近原子尺度制造是直接以原子为操纵对象,构建具有特定功能的原子尺度结构,并实现批量生产以满足所需要的前沿制造技术,是国际学术研究的前沿热点问题.本综述总结了核酸材料在精准原子制造中的应用及前景,从核酸材料的基本结构与功能出发,论述了DNA与金属原子相互作用的基本原理.从天然核酸材料、人工碱基"分子元素"、核酸纳米结...     

低温接收机的应用及结构设计要点

介绍了低温接收机应用场合,真空罩组件及主要部件的结构设计要点和计算方法.