Vortices in a Rotating Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate under Extreme Elongation in a Harmonic Plus Quartic Trap

We consider the ground-state properties of a rotating spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate under extreme elongation in a harmonic plus quartic potential. The effects of spin-orbit coupling and rotation on the ground-state vortex structures are investigated. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling, new nucleated vortices gradually form vortex lines and annular vortex structures with the increase of the rotation frequency. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling, part of the vortices arrange in a line and form a stable vortex chain, and the remanent vortices coexist in pairs aside such vortex chain. More specially, the remanent vortices of each component repel each other and form vortex pair for isotropic spin-orbit coupling, while attract each other and locate in the same positions for anisotropic spin-orbit coupling.     

梯度磁场中自旋-轨道耦合旋转两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态研究

利用准二维Gross-Pitaevskii方程,研究了在梯度磁场中具有自旋-轨道耦合的旋转两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构.探索了自旋-轨道耦合作用和梯度磁场对基态的影响.结果发现,在梯度磁场下,随着自旋-轨道耦合强度增大,基态结构由skyrmion格子逐渐过渡为skyrmion列.对于弱自旋-轨道耦合和小旋转频率情况,增大磁场梯度强度可导致基态由平面波相转变为half-skyrmion;对于强自旋-轨道耦合和大旋转频率情况,梯度磁场可诱导hidden涡旋的产生.梯度磁场、自旋-轨道耦合和旋转作为体系的调控参数,可用于控制不同基态相间的转化.     

Manipulating vortices in F=2 Bose-Einstein condensates through magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling

We investigate the vortex structures excited by Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic field and Dresselhaus-type spin-orbit coupling in F=2 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensates. In the weakly interatomic interacting regime, an external magnetic field can generate a polar-core vortex in which the canonical particle current is zero. With the combined effect of spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field, the ground state experiences a transition from polar-core vortex to Mermin-Ho vortex, in which the canonical particle current is anticlockwise. For fixed spin-orbit coupling strengths, the evolution of phase winding, magnetization, and degree of phase separation with magnetic field are studied. Additionally, with further increasing spin-orbit coupling strength, the condensate exhibits symmetrical density domains separated by radial vortex arrays. Our work paves the way to explore exotic topological excitations in high-spin systems.     

Attraction between pancake vortices in the crossing lattices of layered superconductors

The intervortex interaction is investigated in very anisotropic layered superconductors in tilted magnetic field. In such a case, the crossing lattice of Abrikosov vortices (AVs) and Josephson vortices (JVs) appears. The interaction between pancake vortices, forming the AVs and JVs, produces the deformation of the AV line. It is demonstrated that, as a result of this deformation, a long range attraction between AVs is induced. This phenomenon is responsible for the dense vortex chain formation. The vortex structure in the weak perpendicular magnetic field is the vortex chain phase, where only a small part of JVs is occupied by AVs.     

Multipolar Structure of Equilibrium Shear Flow Field in Toroidal Plasmas

The multipolar velocity field structures are investigated by 2D momentum conservation equation with 3D equilibrium sheared flows in the full toroidal system. Numerical results show that the non-existence of radial velocity field in equilibrium surfaces is suitable only for the zero-order term of our 2D simulation. The non-zero-order radial velocity field is still preserved, even when converted to conventional magnetic surface coordinates. The distribution of velocity field vectors of the order of 1, 2, and 3 are presented respectively in 2, 4, and 6 polar fields with the local vortex structure. The excitation mechanisms of these velocity vortices are the coupling effects of the magneto-fluid structure patterns and the toroidal effects. These results can help us understand the complexity of core physics, the transverse transport across magnetic field by the radial plasma flow and the formation of velocity vortices.     

Vortex-pair states in spin-orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with coherent coupling

Three types of vortex-pair are identified in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) of different kinds of spin-orbit coupling. One type holds the two vortices in one component of the twocomponent condensates. Both the other two types hold a vortex in each component of the twocomponent condensates, and exhibit meron-pair textures that have either null or unit topological charge, respectively. The cores of the two vortices are connected by a string of the relative phase jump. These vortex pairs can be generated from a vortex-free wave packet by incorporating different non- Abelian gauge field into the BEC. When a Rabi coupling is introduced, the distance between the two cores is effectively controlled by the Rabi coupling strength and a transition of vortex configurations is observed.     

六极子磁场中自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构

研究囚禁在环形势中的Rashba自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体在六极子磁场中的基态特性。在这种情况下,磁场破坏了自旋轨道耦合哈密顿量的旋转对称性,但系统仍具有2π/3的离散对称性。数值结果发现:在弱相互作用情况下,六极子磁场和Rashba自旋轨道耦合使环形囚禁的凝聚体呈类六边形的基态密度分布,当磁场强度超过某一临界值时,凝聚体将崩塌;在强相互作用情况下,半量子涡旋出现在凝聚体中,且被六极子磁场钉在方位角Ф=nπ/3的径向位置,涡旋的旋转方向取决于径向磁场的方向。     

无序超导体磁通运动的两次退钉扎效应和重新进入超导相

考虑平面内和不同平面磁通之间的相互作用力，计算了无序各向异性超导体中磁通运动的平均速度、微分电阻随驱动力F_l的变化规律，用层间关联函数C_z的值来判断2D塑性流动和3D关联流动的运动图像.观察到随着外驱动力的增大微分电阻出现两个尖峰，它对应着磁通运动存在两次退钉扎现象.在一定层间耦合条件下，在微分电阻双峰之间，可观察到重新进入微分电阻为零的钉扎相.这与最近实验上新发现的无序弱钉扎超导体有重新进入超导相的巨大峰值效应相吻合.同时，也可发现随着驱动电流的增大，磁通运动出现由2D塑性流动到3D弹性流动的相变，这一维度的变化对应着微分电阻dV/dI曲线中的二次峰位置. 并证明当层间耦合(即代表磁场的大小)在一定范围时，3D-2D相变对应的临界电流随磁场的增大而增大, 反映了第二磁化峰附近的磁通格子软硬度改变的微观图像. 关键词： 第Ⅱ类超导体 磁通线格子 钉扎 峰值效应     

谐振子势与高斯势联合势阱中玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的巨涡旋态

研究谐振子势与高斯势联合势阱中玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态。发现凝聚体形成巨涡旋时,其涡旋个数等于平均角动量,且凝聚体密度分布和角动量密度分布相同,进而得到凝聚体形成巨涡旋时所处基态是角动量的本征态。发现势阱从各向同性的环形势阱逐渐变为各向异性的环形势阱的过程中,凝聚体的平均角动量与涡旋个数之比先由1平缓下降,然后迅速下降,最后保持在0.5附近。同时给出凝聚体密度分布和角动量分布的特征,并作出相应解释。     

Semiclassical dynamics of electron wave packet states with phase vortices

We consider semiclassical higher-order wave packet solutions of the Schr?dinger equation with phase vortices. The vortex line is aligned with the propagation direction, and the wave packet carries a well-defined orbital angular momentum (OAM) variant Planck's over 2pil (l is the vortex strength) along its main linear momentum. The probability current coils around the momentum in such OAM states of electrons. In an electric field, these states evolve like massless particles with spin l. The magnetic-monopole Berry curvature appears in momentum space, which results in a spin-orbit-type interaction and a Berry/Magnus transverse force acting on the wave packet. This brings about the OAM Hall effect. In a magnetic field, there is a Zeeman interaction, which, can lead to more complicated dynamics.     

Probing anisotropic superfluidity in atomic Fermi gases with Rashba spin-orbit coupling

Motivated by the prospect of realizing a Fermi gas with a synthetic non-Abelian gauge field, we investigate theoretically a strongly interacting Fermi gas in the presence of a Rashba spin-orbit coupling. As the twofold spin degeneracy is lifted by spin-orbit interaction, bound pairs with mixed singlet and triplet components emerge, leading to an anisotropic superfluid. We calculate the relevant physical quantities, such as the momentum distribution, the single-particle spectral function, and the spin structure factor, that characterize the system.     

Vortex liquid crystals in anisotropic type II superconductors

In an isotropic type II superconductor in a moderate magnetic field, the transition to the normal state occurs by vortex lattice melting. In certain anisotropic cases, the vortices acquire elongated cross sections and interactions. Systems of anisotropic, interacting constituents generally exhibit liquid crystalline phases. We examine the possibility of a two step melting in homogeneous type II superconductors with anisotropic superfluid stiffness from a vortex lattice into first a vortex smectic and then a vortex nematic at high temperature and magnetic field. We find that fluctuations of the ordered phase favor an instability to an intermediate smectic-A in the absence of intrinsic pinning.     

Anisotropy of spin splitting and spin relaxation in lateral quantum dots

Inelastic spin relaxation and spin splitting epsilon(s) in lateral quantum dots are studied in the regime of strong in-plane magnetic field. Because of both the g-factor energy dependence and spin-orbit coupling, epsilon(s) demonstrates a substantial nonlinear magnetic field dependence similar to that observed by Hanson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 196802 (2003)]. It also varies with the in-plane orientation of the magnetic field due to crystalline anisotropy of the spin-orbit coupling. The spin relaxation rate is also anisotropic, the anisotropy increasing with the field. When the magnetic length is less than the "thickness" of the GaAs dot, the relaxation can be an order of magnitude faster for B ||[100] than for B || [110].     

Experimental investigation of local properties and statistics of optical vortices in random wave fields

We present the first direct experimental evidence of the local properties of optical vortices in a random laser speckle field. We have observed the Berry anisotropy ellipse describing the anisotropic squeezing of phase lines close to vortex cores and quantitatively verified the Dennis angular momentum rule for its phase. Some statistics associated with vortices, such as density, anisotropy ellipse eccentricity, and its relation to zero crossings of real and imaginary parts of the random field, are also investigated by experiments.     

Bitter decoration and magneto-optical observations of vortex chains in high temperature superconductors

In tilted magnetic fields, vortices in anisotropic superconductors form one-dimensional arrangements, called vortex chains. We have visualized vortex chains by Bitter decoration and magneto-optical technique. The fundamental energy scale for the attractive interaction between pancake and Josephson vortices is evaluated by observing vortex chains under various conditions. We also explore how the vortex chains evolve when the large in-plane field is applied or when the anisotropy parameter of the system is changed     

黏性各向异性磁流体Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性:二维数值研究

利用corner transport upwind和constrained transport算法求解非理想磁流体动力学方程组,对匀强平行磁场作用下,黏性各向异性等离子体自由剪切层中的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性进行了数值模拟.从流动结构、涡结构演化、磁场分布、横向磁压力、抗弯磁张力等角度对各向同性和各向异性黏性算例结果进行了讨论,分析了黏性各向异性对Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的影响.结果表明,黏性各向异性比黏性各向同性更利于流动的稳定.其稳定性作用是由于磁感线方向上剪切速率降低导致界面卷起程度和圈数的降低,并使卷起结构中小涡产生增殖、合并,破坏了涡的常规增长,从而导致流动的稳定.黏性各向异性对横向磁压力的影响比对抗弯磁张力更大.     

Linear and angular momenta in tightly focused vortex segmented beams of light(Invited Paper)

We investigate the linear momentum density of light,which can be decomposed into spin and orbital parts,in the complex three-dimensional field distributions of tightly focused vortex segmented beams.The chosen angular spectrum exhibits two spatially separated vortices of opposite charge and orthogonal circular polarization to generate phase vortices in a meridional plane of observation.In the vicinity of those vortices,regions of negative orbital linear momentum occur.Besides these phase vortices,the occurrence of transverse orbital angular momentum manifests in a vortex charge-dependent relative shift of the energy density and linear momentum density.     

磁化等离子体中静电漂移波和剪切阿耳芬波的非线性耦合

本文采用Hasegawa-Wakatani方程组研究磁化等离子体中静电漂移波和剪切阿耳芬波的非线性耦合。求得非线性方程组的偶极涡旋解。这些解属于本性电磁涡旋,对应的扰动磁场和纵向电流在涡旋边界上是连续的。 关键词：     

Relativistic electron vortex beams: angular momentum and spin-orbit interaction

Motivated by the recent discovery of electron vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (AM), we construct exact Bessel-beam solutions of the Dirac equation. They describe relativistic and nonparaxial corrections to the scalar electron beams. We describe the spin and orbital AM of the electron with Berry-phase corrections and predict the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in free space. This can be observed as a spin-dependent probability distribution of the focused electron vortex beams. Moreover, the magnetic moment is calculated, which shows different g factors for spin and orbital AM and also contains the Berry-phase correction.     

Vortex lines in a ferromagnetic spin-triplet superconductor

Based on Duan's topological current theory, we show that in a ferromagnetic spin-triplet superconductor there is a topological defect of string structures which can be interpreted as vortex lines. Such defects are different from the Abrikosov vortices in one-component condensate systems. We investigate the inner topological structure of the vortex lines. The topological charge density, velocity, and topological current of the vortex lines can all be expressed in terms of δ function, which indicates that the vortices can only arise from the zero points of an order parameter field. The topological charges of vortex lines are quantized in terms of the Hopf indices and Brouwer degrees of φ-mapping. The divergence of the self-induced magnetic field can be rigorously determined by the corresponding order parameter fields and its expression also takes the form of a δ-like function. Finally, based on the implicit function theorem and the Taylor expansion, we conduct detailed studies on the bifurcation of vortex topological current and find different directions of the bifurcation.