香豆素羟胺在糠醛类化合物荧光定量分析中的应用

糠醛类化合物在食品工业中是一种独特的风味物质,但在人体积蓄过多时具有一定的致癌作用,因此在食品工业和环境检测中糠醛类化合物的定量分析十分重要。本实验以香豆素羟胺作为荧光标记物,通过硝酮化反应对糠醛类化合物进行荧光衍生,并结合液相色谱-荧光检测法准确测定了奶粉中糠醛、5-甲基糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛的含量,具有选择性高、线性范围宽、检测限低等优点。本实验将最新的科学研究成果转换为应用化学专业"综合化学实验"课程中的一个研究设计性实验,力图通过全方位的实验操作和训练,使学生充分了解荧光与分子结构的关系、荧光衍生试剂的设计与选择、现代分析仪器的检测原理及应用范围;通过对仪器测试条件和衍生反应条件进行优化,学会实验设计的优化方法,了解科学研究的基本流程,从而激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,提高学生的动手操作能力,培养其勤于思考的科学精神,全面提升其创新能力和综合素质。     

香豆素类肼荧光探针的合成及应用

以4-三氟甲基-7-羟基香豆素为荧光母体,4-溴丁酰基为识别基团,合成了一种基于分子内电荷转移机制的肼荧光探针XS-1,其结构经核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR),核磁共振碳谱(¹³C NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)确证,通过荧光发射光谱研究了探针对肼的响应性能。结果表明,在磷酸盐缓冲液(10 mmol,pH7.4)中,探针XS-1能通过荧光增强作用识别肼,并具有很好的选择性和抗干扰能力,检出限为0.11μmol/L。探针XS-1具有斯托克斯位移大(144 nm)、线性范围宽(0～400μmol/L)、合成简便以及能在水相中检测肼等优点,并已成功用于实际水样中肼的定量检测。     

新型香豆素荧光探针的合成及其对三聚氰胺的识别性能研究

合成了一系列基于香豆素的新荧光探针化合物,荧光性质测定表明1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷的香豆素荧光探针对三聚氰胺具有识别作用,检测限为5.0×10-11mol/L.     

吗啉基修饰的新型香豆素Fe~(3+)荧光探针化合物的合成及其性能

间苯二酚与乙酰乙酸乙酯经亲核取代反应制得7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素(1);1与碘甲烷在乙醚中反应制得7-甲氧基-4-甲基香豆素(2);2与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺在四氯化碳中经2步反应制得3-溴-4(溴甲基)-7-甲氧基香豆素(4);4在四氢呋喃溶剂中与吗啉反应合成了一种新型的基于香豆素的荧光探针化合物——3-溴-7-甲氧基-4-(吗啉代)-2H-吡喃-2-酮(5),其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和MS表征。光学性能和金属离子识别性能研究结果表明:5的激发波长为340.15 nm,发射波长为408.35 nm;5对Fe~(3+)有良好的识别作用,在1.0×10-5mol·L~(-1)~9.0×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)可定量检测Fe~(3+)含量。     

新型香豆素类Zn~(2+)荧光探针的合成及细胞成像研究

设计、合成了一种光诱导电子转移(Photoinduced Electron Transfer,PET)型香豆素类水溶性Zn~(2+)荧光探针1和2.通过荧光光谱分析实验发现,该探针具有较好的选择性和灵敏度,其荧光强度随着Zn~(2+)的浓度增大而逐渐增强,并可成功实现对人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和枯草杆菌(B.subtilis)的标记.目标探针分子结构均经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,HRMS及X单晶射线衍射进行了表征,并且还获得了探针2与Zn~(2+)络合物[Zn(2)]的单晶结构,X单晶衍射实验表明络合物[Zn(2)]中Zn~(2+)为五配位,其几何构型为双锥体.     

基于香豆素荧光团的新型极性检测荧光探针的开发及其成像应用

极性是生物微环境的重要参数之一, 在很大程度上, 生物体内许多生命活动都受到极性变化的影响, 本工作通过改变香豆素母体上的推-拉电子基团, 设计并合成了一种具有较大斯托克斯位移的新型极性荧光探针COM-PO, 该探针的荧光强度和波长会随着测试体系的极性变化而发生改变. 当极性增加时, COM-PO的激发态能量会通过偶极-偶极的相互作用散失在溶剂中, 荧光发射强度降低, 而在低极性溶剂中荧光发射强度增强, 利用这种特性实现了对极性的检测. 本工作通过荧光光谱、荧光成像实验表明COM-PO能够在样品中实现极性检测, 该探针有望实现与极性相关的疾病的早期诊断.     

新型香豆素类氟离子荧光探针的合成及细胞成像研究

设计合成了一类基于分子内电荷转移（Intramolecular Charge Transfer,ICT）的香豆素类F^-荧光探针CS1,CS2和CS3,经¹H NMR,¹³C NMR,IR和HRMS表征了相应探针的结构,并解析了探针CS3的晶体结构.通过核磁和质谱实验验证了探针与F^-的作用机理是氟化物脱硅基.光谱分析实验结果显示,CS1,CS2和CS3均具有较好的选择性和灵敏度,且均能成功实现人乳腺癌细胞（MCF^-7）中F^-的检测.     

一种检测水合肼荧光探针的合成与应用

基于香豆素类染料,设计合成了一种具有较高选择性和灵敏度,可在生理条件(pH 7.4)下检测水合肼的荧光探针,同时利用核磁共振和高分辨质谱对探针的分子结构进行了表征。基于水合肼进攻探针分子结构中的4-丁酸酯,生成酚氧负离子,同时发生分子内环化反应后生成具有强烈荧光的亚胺香豆素,实现了探针分子对水合肼的检测。光谱学研究表明,当向探针溶液加入水合肼(0~100μmol/L)后,探针溶液在绿色光谱区域(502 nm)呈现一个显著的荧光增强响应(增强至55倍)。并且,探针可以检测相对较低浓度的水合肼,检出限为1.7×10~(-7)mol/L。此外,相对于其他阴离子和亲核试剂,探针对水合肼的识别显示出较高的选择性和灵敏度。探针成功实现了细胞内水合肼的荧光成像,证明其在细胞成像中具有潜在的应用能力。     

Application of Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Ligandless Palladium Chloride in the Synthesis of Liquid Crystals

Palladium chloride–catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction was applied to the preparation of highly pure multiring liquid crystals with a biphenyl unit. The optimal reaction condition is the combination of 0.5 mol% PdCl₂, pyridine, and K₃PO₄, which was able to catalyze the cross‐coupling of substituted aryl bromides with substituted trans‐cyclohexylphenylboronic acids to give pure products in 38–87% yields.     

1,1′-联萘化合物的氧化偶联合成

评述了β-萘酚序列化合物在铜胺络合物、硫酸铜、铁盐、氧钒络合物等作用下,直接氧化偶联合成1,1′-联萘化合物的路线,讨论了反应机理.     

Coupling Reaction of Enol Derivatives with Silyl Ketene Acetals Catalyzed by Gallium Trihalides

A cross‐coupling reaction between enol derivatives and silyl ketene acetals catalyzed by GaBr₃ took place to give the corresponding α‐alkenyl esters. GaBr₃ showed the most effective catalytic ability, whereas other metal salts such as BF₃?OEt₂, AlCl₃, PdCl₂, and lanthanide triflates were not effective. Various types of enol ethers and vinyl carboxylates as enol derivatives are amenable to this coupling. The scope of the reaction with silyl ketene acetals was also broad. We successfully observed an alkylgallium intermediate by using NMR spectroscopy, suggesting a mechanism involving anti‐carbogallation among GaBr₃, an enol derivative, and a silyl ketene acetal, followed by syn‐β‐alkoxy elimination from the alkylgallium. Based on kinetic studies, the turnover‐limiting step of the reaction using a vinyl ether and a vinyl carboxylate involved syn‐β‐alkoxy elimination and anti‐carbogallation, respectively. Therefore, the leaving group had a significant effect on the progress of the reaction. Theoretical calculations analysis suggest that the moderate Lewis acidity of gallium would contribute to a flexible conformational change of the alkylgallium intermediate and to the cleavage of the carbon?oxygen bond in the β‐alkoxy elimination process, which is the turnover‐limiting step in the reaction between a vinyl ether and a silyl ketene acetal.     

采用Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应合成类黄酮碳芳基化衍生物

A variety of 4＇- and 3-C-aryl-quercetin derivatives were conveniently synthesized via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of the corresponding quercetin-O-triflates with aryl boronic acids or boronates.     

Imidazole-2-ylidenes as Ligands for Palladium Catalyzed Heck Cross Coupling Reaction

N-Heterocyclic carbenes have become universal ligands in coordination chemistry. [1] The design, synthesis, and application of imidazolium salts as precursors of imidazole-2-ylidenes are therefore of substantial interest. [2] The free carbenes with imidazole-2-ylidene structure of A (Scheme 1 ), so called "phosphine mimics", can form metal complexes with high thermal and hydrolytic durability, while N-substituted by different functional groups could produce, in principle, water-soluble; unsymmetrical; and immobilized catalysts. [3]     

Synthesis of Functionalized Vinylgermanes through a New Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction

Vinyl‐substituted germanes react stereo‐ and regioselectively with olefins in the presence of complexes containing Ru? H and Ru? Ge bonds with the formation of functionalized vinylgermanes that cannot be synthesized by olefin cross‐metathesis procedures. The reaction opens a new catalytic route for preparation of a class of organogermanes that are potent organometallic reagents for organic synthesis because they show very low toxicity and could replace organotin compounds. The mechanism of this new catalytic route was proven to involve an interesting insertion of the vinylgermane into the Ru? H bond and β‐Ge transfer to the metal with elimination of ethylene and generation of an Ru? Ge bond, followed by insertion of the alkene into the Ru? Ge bond and β‐H transfer to the metal to eliminate the substituted vinylgermane.     

Iron(III) Chloride Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reaction of 1,2‐Diarylethylene Derivatives

A nontoxic FeCl₃ catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling reaction was developed for mild synthesis of a series of phenanthrenes with different substituents. The method involves cross dehydrogenative coupling of a variety of 1,2‐diarylethylene derivatives with di‐tert‐butylperoxide (DTBP) as a sole oxidant at room temperature in CH₂Cl₂/TFA (9:1 V/V) to yield phenanthrenes in good to excellent yields.     

亮氨酸脱氢酶催化底物偶联法合成 α-酮异己酸

构建了亮氨酸脱氢酶(LeuDH)催化的底物偶联反应体系, 打破氧化脱氨反应平衡, 同时制得高附加值的α-酮异己酸(α-KIC)和L-2-氨基丁酸, 并实现辅酶NAD⁺的高效循环再生. 基于LeuDH的底物专一性和催化动力学参数, 考察了不同酮酸底物对于底物偶联反应效率的影响, 选择转化率最高的2-丁酮酸作为偶联底物, 使α-KIC产率由单步氧化反应的2.75%提高至66.82%. 通过考察底物浓度、 pH值、 N{\mathrm{H}}_4^{+}浓度和辅酶NAD⁺浓度等反应条件对偶联反应效率的影响, 使α-KIC产率进一步提高至83.25%, 同时辅酶NAD⁺的总转化数(TTN)达到5.88×10⁵. 通过改变底物L-亮氨酸和2-丁酮酸的摩尔比, 能够将α-KIC的产率进一步提高至92.74%.     

Synthesis of D‐ and L‐Phenylalanine Derivatives by Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyases: A Multienzymatic Cascade Process

The synthesis of substituted D ‐phenylalanines in high yield and excellent optical purity, starting from inexpensive cinnamic acids, has been achieved with a novel one‐pot approach by coupling phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) amination with a chemoenzymatic deracemization (based on stereoselective oxidation and nonselective reduction). A simple high‐throughput solid‐phase screening method has also been developed to identify PALs with higher rates of formation of non‐natural D ‐phenylalanines. The best variants were exploited in the chemoenzymatic cascade, thus increasing the yield and ee value of the D ‐configured product. Furthermore, the system was extended to the preparation of those L ‐phenylalanines which are obtained with a low ee value using PAL amination.