X-ray microanalysis of uterine epithelial cells in culture

The ionic composition of the uterine fluid, secreted by the endometrium, is of importance for fertilization and embryonic development. Little, however, is known about the ion transport mechanisms in the uterine epithelial cells. Because it is difficult to study ion transport in this tissue in situ, a method was developed to culture mouse uterine epithelial cells for X-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope, in order to allow the study of ion transport. Our data suggest the presence of a number of ion transport mechanisms in the cultured uterine epithelial cells. The cells appear to possess a ouabain-sensitive Na⁺---K⁺-ATPase, an amiloride-sensitive Na⁺---H⁺ antiporter, cAMP- and Ca²⁺-activated chloride channels, and volume-activated chloride efflux and influx mechanisms. In addition, chloride efflux can be stimulated by cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic agonists. Only a few of these mechanisms had been studied previously in the uterine epithelium.     

潘宁源放电的全三维电磁粒子模拟/蒙特卡罗碰撞数值算法研究

深入研究潘宁放电的物理机制, 研制了全三维高品质算法粒子模拟软件(PIC), 设计并添加了相应物理情景的蒙特卡罗碰撞模块(MCC), 并对电子、氢分子离子(H₂⁺)、氢正离子(H⁺)、氢三正离子(H₃⁺)同时进行了跟踪, 成功研制了全三维电磁PIC/MCC数值算法. 结合国内研究较热的潘宁放电模型, 对该算法进行模拟验证. 模拟结果显示: 采用有效的滤波算法能抑制电磁数值噪声, 电子能量呈麦克斯韦分布, 由于电子的径向漂移和加速导致离子源顶端H₂⁺产量较大. 关键词： 潘宁离子源 高品质算法 粒子模拟/蒙特卡罗     

用23Na NMR研究竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对鼠腹水肝癌细胞Na+通透性的影响

用²³Na NMR技术并借助于水溶性位移试剂Dy(PPPi)₂^7-研究了新型光敏剂-竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对鼠腹水肝癌细胞Na⁺通透性的影响。实验结果表明:在乙素光敏作用下,细胞内Na⁺浓度随曝光时间的延长和乙素浓度增高而增加。同时观察到细胞外²³Na_out NMR峰的化学位移(δ值)随光照时间增加而向低场位移。分析表明:化学位移的改变与细胞膜损伤引起细胞内K⁺泄漏和K⁺、Na⁺竞争位移试剂有关。因此,化学位移的改变也可作为光敏损伤的指标。本文还就Na⁺平衡失调与细胞死亡之间的关系进行了讨论。     

Self-consistent current motion of electrons and ions inhigh-current plasma channel

This paper analyses a self-consistent current motion of charged particles in high-current plasma channel. Application of the results obtained to real current channels is possible provided that pair collisions do not considerably affect the current motion of plasma charged particles and the depth of the current layer is small as compared to the channel radius. The approximation adopted in this paper can be considered to be true, for instance, in the case of hydrogen channels with millimeter radius and electron energy of the order of 10 keV provided that the plasma concentration in them is in the range of 10 ¹⁷ cm^-3e<10²⁰ cm^-3. In the present paper, advantage is taken of a kinetic plasma model with electrons and ions in the form of particle beams whose motion is governed by the resulting self-consistent electromagnetic field. It is shown that in a plasma with sufficiently high particle concentration, when the collisionless skin depth is small as compared to the channel radius, the ion motion results in the negative electron contribution to the total channel current. Moreover, the ion component of the current exceeds the total current. This is accompanied by high-speed plasma motion in the form of the electroneutral axial flux, whose direction coincides with that of the total channel current     

Na+替位掺杂对Li2MnSiO4的电子结构以及Li+迁移过程的影响

在锂二次电池中, 硅酸锰锂作为正极材料得到广泛研究, 但其固有的电子和离子电导率较低, 直接影响着电池的功率密度和充放电速率. 本文建立了不同浓度的Na⁺离子替位掺杂Li⁺离子形成的Li_1-xNa_xMnSiO₄(x=0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5)结构, 采用第一性原理的方法, 研究了掺杂前后硅酸锰锂的电子结构以及Li⁺离子的跃迁势垒. 发现在Li⁺位替代掺杂Na⁺, 导带底的能级向低能方向发生移动, 降低了Li₂MnSiO₄ 材料的禁带宽度, 有利于提升材料的电子导电性能. 随着掺杂浓度的升高, 禁带宽度逐渐变窄. CI-NEB结果表明, 在Li₂MnSiO₄体系中具有两条有效的Li⁺离子迁移通道, 掺杂Na⁺以后扩大了Li⁺ 离子在[100]晶向上的迁移通道, Li⁺离子的跃迁势垒由0.64 eV降低为0.48, 0.52和0.55 eV. 掺杂浓度为 x=0.125时, 离子迁移效果最佳. 研究表明Na⁺掺杂有利于提高Li₂MnSiO₄材料的离子和电子电导率.     

白光发光二级管用红色荧光粉LiSrBO3: Eu3+的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了LiSrBO₃:xEu³⁺ 荧光粉, 并通过XRD, 红外(FITR) 和荧光光谱(PL) 等对其表征. 结果表明, LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 荧光粉可被波长为395 nm 的紫外线和466 nm 的蓝光有效激发, 且发射主波长为612 nm (Eu³⁺的电偶极跃迁⁵D₀ →⁷F₂) 的红光. 研究了Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度对LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发光强度的影响, Eu³⁺ 掺杂浓度为6% 时样品的发射强度最大, 并且证实Eu³⁺ 之间的能量传递机制为电偶极子- 电偶极子相互作用. Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ 作为电荷补偿剂的引入全部导致LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 材料发射强度增强, 其中, Li⁺ 的引入要优于Na⁺ 和K⁺. 少量Al³⁺的掺杂降低了Eu³⁺ 所处格位的对称性, 增强了Eu³⁺ 的612 nm 的电偶极发射, 改善了LiSrBO₃: Eu³⁺ 红色材料的色纯度. 关键词： 白光发光二级管 光致发光 浓度猝灭 电荷补偿剂     

Na+掺杂对LiYF4：Er3+/Yb3+上转换发光性能的影响

上转换发光材料由于低的发光效率,限制了其在太阳电池中的实际应用。为解决此问题,采用溶剂热法制备了LiYF₄：Er³⁺/Yb³⁺上转换发光颗粒,在LiYF₄基质中引入Na⁺来打破Er³⁺周围晶体场的对称性,增强其发光性能。研究了Na⁺掺杂对LiYF₄：Er³⁺/Yb³⁺的结构、形貌及其发光的影响。结果表明：掺杂的Na⁺可以裁剪Er³⁺周围的晶体场,当Na⁺摩尔分数为15%时,得到了较大的发光增强,绿光和红光发射分别获得4.2倍和2.9倍的增强。Er³⁺周围晶体场对称性的降低和材料中OH基团的减少是其发光增强的主要原因。     

DNA平衡离子凝聚的动态光散射分析

利用动态光散射技术系统地研究了不同化合价的平衡离子氯化钠 (Na⁺)、氯化镁 (Mg²⁺)、三氯六氨络合钴 ([Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺) 和精胺 ([C₁₀N₄H₃₀]⁴⁺) 与DNA之间的相互作用. 实验结果显示, 当缓冲液中只包含Na⁺ 或Mg²⁺, 且浓度c≥ 5 mM时, DNA电泳迁移率之比约为2:1; 当缓冲液单独包含Na⁺或[Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺, 且浓度c≥ 5 mM时, DNA 的电泳迁移率之比约为4.5:1. 而当平衡离子的化合价为4时, 观察到DNA的电泳迁移率由负变正, 意味着发生了电荷反转. 在平衡离子浓度c<5 mM时, 随着离子浓度的增大, 迁移率之比逐渐增大. 对于一价或二价平衡离子情形, 实验结果与Manning的平衡离子凝聚理论的预言相符. 对于三价平衡离子, 实验结果与理论值有明显偏离. 而对于四价离子, 由于发生了DNA电荷逆转, 基于平均场的平衡离子凝聚理论失效. 另外, 通过原子力显微镜观察到当平衡离子的化合价大于等于3 时, DNA分子的构型发生变化. 因此, 自由溶液中的聚电解质的构型和离子关联效应在聚电解质迁移过程中起重要作用. 关键词： 电泳迁移率 平衡离子 动态光散射 DNA     

Electrochemical study of the silver-sodium substitution in a borosilicate glass

The study of the silver for sodium ions substitution kinetics is carried out using an electrochemical set-up. A silver metal anode, a reference and counter electrode are deposited as thin films on a 0.6 SiO₂-0.2 B₂O₃-0.2 Na₂O glassy electrolyte. The anode dissolution is studied by a chronoamperometric method. The generally proposed interdiffusion models assuming constant diffusion coefficients for both Ag⁺ and Na⁺ cations are not able to justify the experimental voltage time dependence. The deviation from theoretical predictions can be minimised by assuming a mixed cation effect in the glass, taking into account a concentration dependence of the Ag⁺ and Na⁺ diffusion coefficients.     

固体核磁共振结合密度泛函理论计算研究SSZ-39分子筛的钠离子落位与铝分布

具有AEI结构的SSZ-39分子筛的骨架外阳离子落位和铝分布对其催化性能影响显著.AEI笼中有三个结晶学不等价位，且铝取代T位具有一定的倾向性.本文结合固体核磁共振（NMR）技术（²⁷Al/²³Na MQ MAS NMR），以及密度泛函理论（DFT）计算，研究了不同硅铝比Na-SSZ-39分子筛中的Na⁺落位和铝分布.在孤立铝分布的情况下，铝原子优先占据于T3位，Na⁺主要落位于AEI笼中的SIIa0和SIII'a0位点上，其中SIII'a0位点的优先度较高，此外少部分Na⁺还落位于六棱柱内部的SIa0.当铝对存在时，AlSiSiAl分布的铝对占据六元环的对位（T3-T3），对应的Na⁺分别落位于SIIa1和SⅢ'a1位点.随着分子筛结构的部分破坏，游离的Na⁺可能形成明显的SIII'b位点.本文可加深对SSZ-39分子筛构效关系的理解，为更好地调控催化性能奠定基础.     

Determination of the (Na+) Sternheimer antishielding factor by 23Na NMR spectroscopy on sodium oxide chloride, Na3OCl

The (Na⁺) Sternheimer antishielding factor γ_∞ (Na⁺) was determined by ²³Na NMR spectroscopy on sodium oxide chloride, Na₃OCl. The quadrupolar coupling constant of the sodium ion in Na₃OCl was determined to QCC=11.34 MHz, which presents the largest coupling constant of a sodium nucleus observed so far. Applying a simple point charge model, the largest principal value of the electric field gradient at the sodium site was calculated to V_zz=−6.76762·10²⁰ V/m². From these values we calculated the (Na⁺) Sternheimer antishielding factor to γ_∞ (Na⁺)=−5.36. In sodium oxide, Na₂O, we observed an isotropic chemical shift of δ_CS=55.1 ppm, referenced to 1 M aqueous NaCl (δ=0 ppm).     

Understanding charge transfer of Li~+ and Na~+ ions scattered from metal surfaces with high work function

For Li~+ and Na~+ ions scattered from high work function metal surfaces, efficient neutralization is observed, and it cannot be explained by the conventional free electron model. In order to explain these experimental data, we investigate the velocity-dependent neutral fraction with the modified Brako–Newns(BN) model. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data. We find that the parallel velocity effect plays an important role in neutralizing the Li~+ and Na~+ ions for large angle scattering. The nonmonotonic velocity behavior of neutral fraction is strongly related to the distance-dependent coupling strength between the atomic level and metal states.     

Luminescent properties of Ce in MSO4 (M: Ca, Sr and Ba) and the effect of Na co-doping

The optical properties of Ce³⁺ in CaSO₄, SrSO₄ and BaSO₄ are reported. The Ce³⁺ ion shows 4f⁰5d¹→²F_5/2,²F_7/2 luminescence in all three sulphates. Co-doping with Na⁺ does not change the local surrounding of the Ce³⁺ ion, but enhances the amount of Ce³⁺ ions built in. Under optical excitation, besides the typical Ce³⁺ doublet emission in the ultraviolet spectral region, band emission around 445 nm was observed. This band emission was not assigned to emission from a Ce³⁺ centre, but to emission from an impurity-trapped exciton. Under X-ray excitation, both Ce³⁺ emission and an emission band around 380 nm was observed. This band was assigned to emission from a self-trapped exciton.     

纳米晶ZrO2：Dy3+的光致发光和能量传递性质

研究了Dy³⁺离子掺杂的ZrO₂纳米粉体的光致发光性质。观测到Dy³⁺离子的室温强特征发射和浓度猝灭现象以及基质ZrO₂与Dy³⁺离子之间的能量传递过程。发现了煅烧温度对样品的晶相有明显的影响,随着煅烧温度的变化,晶相也随之改变。晶相的改变使样品的荧光发射产生较大的差异,并观测到两个发射中心。通过对荧光强度与激活离子Dy³⁺离子浓度的关系研究发现,Dy³⁺离子在纳米ZrO₂基质中存在浓度猝灭现象,最佳掺杂浓度取决于ZrO₂基质的晶相,不同晶相导致不同的猝灭浓度,当基质晶相表现为四方相时,猝灭浓度为0.5%,而基质晶相为混合相时,猝灭浓度为1%。能量传递也依赖于样品的晶相。当煅烧温度为950℃时能量传递效果最好,并且从微观结构上给出了解释基质与Dy³⁺离子之间的能量传递的模型。     

Cu掺杂天然方钠石的VUV-Vis发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了Cu掺杂天然方钠石光致发光粉末。使用电子探针能谱分析（EDS）和微区分析（EPMA）测出了天然方钠石所含的主要化学成分。用X射线衍射（XRD）研究了Cu掺杂对方钠石结构的影响。室温下测量了真空紫外-紫外-可见光光谱。结果表明,激发光谱中171 nm处的激发带属于基质吸收;202,255,280,290 nm左右的激发带是Cu⁺离子的3d¹⁰→3d⁹4s跃迁引起的。Cu在方钠石晶体中以两种位置存在,分别为Cu⁺离子在Na⁺离子晶格位置上出现的Cu1位置和复合层间的Cu2位置,并形成Cu⁺ 离子的Cu1和Cu2发光中心。用不同波长光激发Cu1和Cu2发光中心得到的峰值分别位于420 nm和470 nm的蓝色荧光来源于Cu⁺离子内的3d⁹4s→3d¹⁰电子跃迁。对样品的发光机理及浓度猝灭过程进行了探讨和研究。     

The mechanism of diffusion and ionic transport of alkali metal ions in the particles of tin (IV) antimonate

The kinetics of exchange of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and Cs⁺ ions on tin (IV) antimonate with H⁺ form was studied particle-diffusion-control conditions at different temperatures. The values of activation energy, diffusion coefficient and entropy of activation increase with the ionic mobilities and radii, and decrease with the hydration energy of the alkali metal ions. On the basis of the kinetic parameters, the exchange of alkali metal ions occurs in the unhydrated form.     

关于氧化锌/双吡啶高氯酸盐非均相光诱导电子转移过程的研究

用ESR方法对9种不同双吡啶高氯酸盐与氧化锌组成的非均相体系的光诱导电子转移过程进行了系统的研究。ZnO-PQ⁺⁺-胶束-苯的分散系,经350nm~420nm的紫外光照后,PQ⁺⁺被还原成PQ⁺。具有大共轭结构的PQ⁺的ESR信号较强。胶束的存在也可使ESR信号增强。当体系充氧时,PQ⁺信号消失,并有超氧阴离子基O₂^·和羟基·OH被检出。     

Transmission of low-energy (< 10 eV) O ions through Au films on TiO2(110)

In an attempt to identify the fundamental processes that influence ion transport through metallic surface layers, we have studied the transmission of O⁺ ions through discontinuous Au films adsorbed on TiO₂(110). A low energy (< 10 eV) O⁺ ion beam is generated via electron stimulated desorption when an Au-dosed TiO₂(110) substrate is bombarded with a focused 250 eV electron beam. Low energy ion scattering data indicate that Au evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at 300 K forms three-dimensional clusters on TiO₂(110). As the Au coverage increases, the formation of Au clusters on TiO₂(110) blocks a fraction of the TiO₂ surface and the O⁺ yield is attenuated. However, for high coverages (≥30% Au covered substrate) the O⁺ signal decreases at a faster rate than the TiO₂ open area fraction. We attribute the attenuation of the O⁺ yield for high Au coverages mainly to blocking of O⁺ by Au clusters, to deflection of trajectories by the image force between ions and Au clusters, and to charge transfer between desorbing O⁺ and neighboring Au clusters.     

Pulse intense metal-ion diode with a vacuum arc plasma anode

An intense pulsed ion beam of metal was extracted from a magnetically insulated ion diode operated in a mode of plasma prefill generated from a vacuum arc discharge, anode plasma source. With this ion diode, an intense metal-ion beam of a high melting-point metal (Ta) was obtained. A variety of operational modes appeared, depending on the amount of plasma in the diode gap at the initiation of the high-voltage pulse. The energy, current, and duration time of the ion beam were 20~100 keV, ~1 kA, and 1 μs, respectively. Measurements of ions were performed with an ion energy analyzer or a biased ion collector located at the end of a long drift tube and a Thomson parabola ion spectrometer. The Ta ions in the first to fifth states of ionization were detected accompanied by C⁺, O⁺, F⁺, and H⁺ . A Ta ion beam current of about half the total ion flux was obtained in this experiment     

Luminescent properties of Dy-doped and Dy–Tmco-doped phosphate glasses

Phosphate glasses doped with Dy³⁺ ions and co-doped with Dy³⁺–Tm³⁺ ions are successfully prepared in the present work. Their photoluminescence properties have been studied by absorption, excitation and emission spectra. A combination of blue and yellow emissions has emerged in the glasses, which allows the observation of white light when the glasses are excited by the ultraviolet light. The emission intensity of Dy³⁺ is influenced by the system ionicity, while the intensity ratio of yellow to blue emissions from Dy³⁺ can be tuned by varying both the concentration of Tm³⁺ ion and the glass matrix composition.