超高效液相色谱 - 四极杆 - 静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速鉴定左归降糖舒心方化学成分

建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱－四极杆－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术（UHPLC－Q－Exactive－Orbitrap－MS）的左归降糖舒心方化学成分的快速分析方法。左归降糖舒心方水煎液高速离心后取上清液,以Xbridge BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm × 100 mm,2.6 μm）分离,0.1%甲酸水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用四极杆－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱在电喷雾正、负离子模式下进行检测,Xcalibur 4.3和Compound Discoverer 3.2软件进行数据处理。从左归降糖舒心方水煎液中共鉴定出290个化学成分,包括224个已知的化学成分,涵盖黄酮类、苯丙素类、酚类、皂苷类、有机酸类、生物碱类、核苷类、环烯醚萜类、寡糖等9种主要结构类型,此外66个化合物为新发现的成分,主要为氨基酸/小肽类结构类型。该方法可快速、准确地鉴定左归降糖舒心方水煎液中的化学成分,为进一步研究左归降糖舒心方的药效物质基础,指导临床合理用药以及后期实验研究提供参考依据。     

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS法分析栾樨叶的化学成分北大核心CSCD

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对栾樨叶的化学成分进行定性分析。栾樨叶提取液经Waters UPLC BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正、负离子模式下采集得到基峰色谱图。通过质谱数据库、化合物质谱裂解规律,并结合相关文献及对照品的保留时间与质谱信息,从栾樨叶中共鉴别出52个化学成分,包括2个香豆素类,15个黄酮类,16个苯丙素类,5个生物碱类,5个脂肪酸类,3个有机酸类,3个氨基酸类,1个酚酸类和2个其他类化合物,其中23个成分为栾樨叶中首次报道,11个化合物经对照品验证。该方法准确、可靠、高效,适用于栾樨叶化学成分的快速鉴定,可为栾樨叶的药效机制研究及临床应用提供依据。     

基于UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap高分辨质谱联用快速鉴定半夏中的化学成分

利用UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用技术对半夏的化学成分进行快速识别和鉴定。以80%(V/V)甲醇提取,Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7μm）分离,0.1%甲酸水（A）-0.1%甲酸的乙腈（B）溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱采用正、负离子监测模式,利用全扫描及自动触发二级质谱扫描,快速识别和鉴定半夏中的化学成分。根据高分辨质谱数据,从半夏中共分析鉴定出111个化合物,包括生物碱类37个、氨基酸及其衍生物20个、黄酮类17个、萜类12个、有机酸及其衍生物6个、苯丙素类5个、其它类14个。该方法可为半夏质量控制和药效物质研究提供参考。     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术快速解析杜仲颗粒化学成分

建立了定性分析杜仲颗粒化学成分的超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS)方法。杜仲颗粒采用甲醇超声提取,Thermo Scientific Syncronis C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。利用LTQ-Orbitrap-MS负离子模式采集,通过对照品比对及高分辨质谱数据解析,鉴定了25种化学成分,包括8种环烯醚萜类、8种黄酮类、5种苯丙素类、3种木脂素类化合物及1种非还原性双糖。该方法简便、快速、准确,可为进一步分析杜仲颗粒的药效物质基础提供依据。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速分析东革阿里化学成分

应用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对东革阿里提取物的化学成分进行定性分析。采用Agilent Eclipse Plus-C_(18) RRHD色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析采用电喷雾正离子模式采集,通过对照品比对及高分辨质谱数据解析,鉴定了49种化学成分,包括29种苦木素二萜、4种β-咔巴啉类生物碱、12种铁屎米-6-酮类生物碱、3种联苯新木脂素类及1种角鲨烯型三萜。该方法快速、可靠、高效,能较全面地反映东革阿里的化学成分,可为深入阐明东革阿里的药效物质基础及质量标准研究提供参考。     

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速鉴定板蓝根的化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Exactive-orbitrap MS)对板蓝根70%乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行快速鉴定。色谱柱：Hypersil GOLD aQ色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9μm)。流动相：含0.1%甲酸的水溶液(A液)和含0.1%甲酸的乙腈(B液)。采用以下梯度进行洗脱：0～2 min 5%B液；2～22 min 5%～95%B液；22～27 min 95%B液；27～30 min 5%B液。流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温40℃,进样量为5μL。结果显示从板蓝根中鉴定111个化合物，包括12个氨基酸类、12个苯丙素类、2个酚类、6个核苷类、5个黄酮类、11个生物碱类、4个糖类、4个萜类、7个酰胺类、4个香豆素类、33个有机酸类、1个甾体类和10个其他类。本研究对板蓝根的化学成分进行了快速鉴定，为进一步研究板蓝根的药效物质基础和资源利用提供参考。     

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS法分析鉴定鸡血藤中药复方提取物的化学成分

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)技术定性鉴别鸡血藤中药复方提取物的化学成分。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式扫描。通过质谱数据库、化合物裂解规律,并结合相关文献进行鉴别。共鉴别出82种化合物,以黄酮类、苯丙素类、萜类化合物为主,包括黄酮类22种、苯丙素类24种、萜类25种、酚酸类4种、甾体类6种、氨基酸类1种,各药材组成复方后首次发现的新化学成分有10种。UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术为鉴别鸡血藤中药复方中化学成分提供了简便、快速、准确的方法,鉴定得到的各个化学成分涵盖了组方中各味药材的主要成分,可为该复方的质量标准及药效物质研究提供实验依据和理论基础。     

基于超高效液相色谱－四极杆串联飞行时间质谱的克咳片化学成分快速识别研究

采用超高效液相色谱－四极杆串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC－Q－TOF MS）技术对克咳片甲醇－水提取物中的化学成分进行鉴定。克咳片提取物经Waters CORTECS T3 （150 mm × 2.1 mm,1.6 μm）色谱柱分离,以乙腈－0.1%甲酸水进行梯度洗脱,正负离子模式下采集得到其总离子流图。对色谱图中的各色谱峰进行精确质量数识别。通过自建的质谱数据库、化合物质谱裂解规律,并结合相关文献及对照品的保留时间与质谱信息,对克咳片甲醇－水提取物中的主要成分进行定性分析。共鉴定出94个化学成分,其中生物碱类33个、黄酮类22个、苯丙素类9个、三萜皂苷类8个、氨基酸类5个、氰苷类3个、有机酸类6个以及其他类化合物8个。该研究全面分析了克咳片的化学成分,为克咳片药效的物质基础研究与质量控制提供了科学依据。     

超高效液相色谱－四极杆－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法鉴定白茶和普洱生茶中的化学成分

基于超高效液相色谱－四极杆－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UHPLC－Q－Orbitrap－HRMS）技术,建立了白茶和普洱生茶中化学成分的分析方法。白茶和普洱生茶提取液经Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱（150 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,进入四极杆－静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱,在电喷雾正、负电离模式下同时进行全扫描以及数据依赖型二级质谱扫描并采集数据信息。通过一级质谱分析和二级碎片的精确质量数信息及在线数据库匹配,在白茶和普洱生茶样本中共鉴定出64种活性成分、32种共有活性成分。在白茶和普洱生茶样本中各单独鉴定出16种活性成分,主要为氨基酸类、有机酸类、黄酮类、香豆素类、生物碱类以及核苷类等六大类别化合物。采用归一化法确定已检出的64种活性成分的相对含量。该方法可系统分析茶叶中的有效成分,为进一步研究白茶和普洱生茶的保健机理提供了科学依据,也可为茶叶质量安全监管提供技术支撑。     

超高效液相色谱-四级杆静电场轨道阱质谱法快速鉴定鬼针草化学成分

利用超高效液相色谱-四级杆静电场轨道阱质谱联用技术对鬼针草的化学成分进行快速鉴定。采用Hypersil GOLD C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)色谱柱，以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，在加热电喷雾离子源(HESI)正负离子模式下对样品进行数据采集。采用高分辨质谱数据，结合对照品、文献、在线数据库，从鬼针草中鉴定出28种成分，包括10种黄酮类成分，6种氨基酸类成分，10种有机酸类成分，2种其它成分，其中壬二酸、7-羟基香豆素、没食子酸3种成分为首次在鬼针草中发现。该研究可为鬼针草的快速鉴定、质量控制方法建立和药效基础研究提供参考。     

石墨烯氧化过程中的热分析-质谱以及脉冲热分析方法研究

本文由氧化石墨烯通过水热法制备直接获得石墨烯。采用热重-差热分析方法检测了石墨烯受热过程中的质量变化和氧化温度。利用热分析-质谱联用技术在400-650 ℃温度区间得到了水和二氧化碳正离子质谱峰,这说明石墨烯氧化过程中的质量损失是由羟基水和二氧化碳脱除造成的。同时,还采用非等温热分析动力学方法,利用5、10、15 ℃·min^-1三种不同升温速率获得了石墨烯材料在空气气氛下的热分析动力学参数。通过Kissinger方法计算出石墨烯氧化过程中的活化能（E_a）和指前因子的对数（lg（A/s^-1））分别为155.11 kJ·mol^-1和6.90。利用Ozawa-Flynn-Wall （FWO）方法还建立了活化能和指前因子与反应转化率之间的关系。基于以上研究结果,本工作将对石墨烯在热界面、导热和先进复合材料等领域的应用提供参考价值。     

The determination of glycopeptides by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation

Glycopeptides derived from ribonuclease B and ovomucoid have been subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) in the second quadrupole of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Doubly charged parent ions gave predictable fragmentation that yielded partial sequence information of the attached oligosaccharide as Hex and HexNAc units. Common oxonium ions are observed in the product ion mass spectra of the glycopeptides that correspond to HexNAc⁺ (m/z 204) and HexHexNAc⁺ (m/z 366). A strategy for locating the glycopeptides in the proteolytic digest mixtures of glycoproteins by ions spray liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is described by utilizing CID in the declustering region of the atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer to produce these characteristic oxonium ions. This LC/CID/MS approach is used to identify glycopeptides in proteolytic digest mixtures of ovomucoid, asialofetuin, and fetuin. LC/CID/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode may be used to identify putative glycopeptides from the proteolytic digest of fetuin.     

Separation of leucine and isoleucine by electrospray ionization-high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry

An electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to generate gas-phase molecular anions of the amino acids leucine and isoleucine ((M–H)⁻; m/z −130), which were separated by high- field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). This combination of ESI-FAIMS-MS enabled selective determination of either amino acid in mixtures that contained at least a 625-fold excess of the other. Comparisons with conventional ESI-MS showed a 50-fold improvement in the signal to background ratio for a 1 μM solution of leucine.     

Quantitative determination of norethisterone acetate in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with mass-selective detection

An analytical method for the determination of norethisterone acetate (NETA) in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography-mass-selective detection (GC-MS), with testosterone acetate as internal standard, was developed and validated. After addition of the internal standard, the compounds were extracted from plasma at basic pH into diethyl ether-dichloromethane (3:2 v/v), which was then evaporated to dryness. The compounds were converted into their pentafluoropropionyl derivatives which were determined by gas chromatography using a mass selective detector at m/z 486 for NETA and m/z 476 for the internal standard. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were found suitable over the range of concentrations between 0.10 to 10 ng/ml. The method was applied to clinical samples.     

超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速检测化妆品中22种功效成分北大核心CSCD

建立了超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定化妆品中的22种功效成分。样品采用甲醇超声提取,C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正离子模式下,以保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数进行定量分析,以高能碰撞诱导解离获得的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,该方法线性关系良好,检出限(LOD)为0.003~2.01 mg/kg;定量限(LOQ)为0.02~4.36 mg/kg;水、乳、霜3种基质中3个添加水平的回收率范围为63.2%~125.1%,相对标准偏差为0.18%~10.9%。对标示含有烟酰胺、抗坏血酸葡糖苷、咖啡因、泛醇及甘草类(光果甘草根茎叶、甘草根、胀果甘草根)、麦冬根、人参根、黄芪根、虎杖根、苦参根、地黄根、积雪草、茶叶提取物的54批样品进行检测,标示单体功效成分的样品均有检出,标示不同植物提取物的46批样品中,24批检出植物提取物的功效成分。该方法简便快速、定性定量可靠,适用于化妆品中22种功效成分的定量测定。     

Oxidation reactions of dibenzothiophene subjected to negative chemical ionization with oxygen

Dibenzothiophene (1) suffers surface-catalyzed oxidation under CI(O₂) conditions. While in the positive mode M^+· is the only major ion and those of the oxidation products are of minor importance in the negative mode, essentially only ions stemming from oxidized species can be seen, the sulfone ion [M + O₂]^−· being the most important one. The ion m/z 184 previously attributed to M^−· is actually the anion of 2-sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride. Structures for the various oxidation products are proposed and the mechanisms leading to their formation are discussed.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定阿胶中的驴皮源成分

近年来由于驴皮资源短缺,阿胶价格大幅度上涨,市场上出现了大量以马、骡、猪、牛皮等熬制而成的假胶,导致阿胶质量的参差不齐,严重扰乱了市场,急需高效准确的检测方法提升阿胶品质。该研究采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了阿胶中驴皮源成分的检测方法。样品加水溶解后,于37 ℃下经胰蛋白酶酶解,产生驴源性特征肽段,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,单次分析时间10 min,在电喷雾正离子(ESI⁺)模式下进行多反应监测(MRM),同位素内标法定量。驴源多肽A1、A2在50~1250 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.996,方法定量限(S/N=10)为20 mg/kg,在300、600、900 mg/kg 3个添加水平上驴源多肽A1、A2的回收率范围为103.2%~108.3%,各加标水平平行测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~3.0%,完全能够满足实际样品检测需求。对29批不同生产企业的阿胶进行测定,结果表明,不同企业生产的阿胶中驴源多肽A1、A2的含量之和存在差异,含量为0.096%~0.180%,平均值为0.151%,提示驴源多肽A1、A2含量较低的阿胶生产厂家应注重皮源质量,改进生产工艺,以提升产品质量。该方法操作简便,结果可靠,重现性好,可用于阿胶中驴皮源成分的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定发酵液中喷司他丁和2'-氨基-2'-脱氧腺苷

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定发酵液中喷司他丁和2'-氨基-2'-脱氧腺苷含量的方法.发酵液经高速离心、水溶液稀释、微孔过滤后进行HPLC-MS/MS分析测定.选用Waters Atlantis?T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)及其保护柱(5 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)进...     

Fragmentation characteristic of glutathione conjugates activated by high-energy collisions

Product ion spectra of fifteen monoglutathione and diglutathione conjugates have been measured using activation by 6000-eV collisions with helium in the third field-free region of a four-sector tandem mass spectrometer of EBEB configuration. Fragmentation patterns in the cation spectra have been analyzed for decompositions of the glutathione moiety that would permit recognition of an unknown as a glutathione conjugate. Five spectra from an earlier study of high-energy collisional activation on a BEEB four-sector instrument have also been included in this analysis. A suite of appropriate ions was found to occur consistently, including ions of m/z 307 comprising the glutathione tripeptide and the complementary ion [MH — 307]⁺ or the ion radical [MH — 306]^+’.     

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection and confirmation with electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), a minor metabolite or precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator via binding to GABA receptors and to specific presynaptic GHB receptors. Based upon the stimulatory effects, GHB is widely abused. Thus, there is great interest in monitoring GHB in body fluids and tissues. We have developed an assay for urinary GHB that is based upon liquid–liquid extraction and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect UV absorption detection. The background electrolyte is composed of 4 mM nicotinic acid (compound for indirect detection), 3 mM spermine (reversal of electroosmosis) and histidine (added to reach a pH of 6.2). Having a 50 μm I.D. capillary of 40 cm effective length, 1-octanesulfonic acid as internal standard, solute detection at 214 nm and a diluted urine with a conductivity of 2.4 mS/cm, GHB concentrations ≥2 μg/ml can be detected. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined to be dependent on urine concentration and varied between 2–24 and 5–60 μg/ml, respectively. Data obtained suggest that LOD and LOQ (both in μg/ml) can be estimated with the relationships 0.83 κ and 2.1 κ, respectively, where κ is the conductivity of the urine in mS/cm. The assay was successfully applied to urines collected after administration of 25 mg sodium GHB/kg body mass. Negative electrospray ionization ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of GHB in the urinary extract via selected reaction monitoring of the m/z 103.1→m/z 85.1 precursor–product ion transition. Independent of urine concentration, this approach meets the urinary cut-off level of 10 μg/ml that is required for recognition of the presence of exogenous GHB. Furthermore, data obtained with injection of plain or diluted urine indicate that CZE could be used to rapidly recognize GHB amounts (in μg/ml) that are ≥ 4 κ.