阴离子特性吸附和Pt(111)电极表面结构对乙二醇解离吸附动力学的影响

运用电化学循环伏安和程序电位阶跃方法研究了阴离子特性吸附和Pt(111)电极表面结构对乙二醇解离吸附反应动力学的影响. 结果表明, 阴离子特性吸附显著影响乙二醇的解离吸附, 在高氯酸介质中(无特性吸附)测得乙二醇解离吸附反应的初始速率vi以及解离吸附物种(DA)的饱和覆盖度均明显大于硫酸溶液(发生SO2-4/HSO-4特性吸附)中的相应值; 其平均速率v随电极电位的变化呈类似火山型分布, 最大值位于0.22 V(vs SCE)附近. 还发现通过不同处理获得的Pt(111)电极的不同表面结构对这一表面过程也具有显著的影响.     

氧分子在Cu2O(111)表面吸附与解离的理论研究

本文采用密度泛函方法结合周期性平板模型,研究了氧原子和氧分子在完整和存在缺陷的Cu₂O(111)表面的吸附。计算结果表明氧原子倾向于吸附在配位饱和的Cu_CSA位,而对于氧分子,则强烈倾向于吸附在配位不饱和的Cu_CUS位。氧分子在含有氧空位的缺陷表面的优势吸附位为平行吸附于空位上方的桥位。过渡态的计算表明氧分子在缺陷表面的解离是一个活化能很小的放热过程。     

水在HfO2(111)和(110)表面的吸附与解离

运用广义梯度近似密度泛函理论方法(GGA-PW91)结合周期平板模型, 研究水分子在二氧化铪(111)和(110)表面不同吸附位置在不同覆盖度下的吸附行为. 通过比较不同吸附位的吸附能和几何构型参数发现:(111)和(110)表面铪原子(top 位)是活性吸附位. 水分子与表面的吸附能值随覆盖度的变化影响较小. 在(111)和(110)表面, 水分子都倾向以氧端与表面铪原子相互作用. 同时也计算了羟基、氧和氢在表面的吸附, Mulliken 电荷布居, 态密度及部分频率. 结果表明, 在两种表面羟基以氧端与表面铪相互作用, 氧原子与表面铪和氧原子同时成键, 而氢原子直接与表面氧原子相互作用形成羟基. 通过过渡态搜索, 水分子在(111)和(110)表面发生解离, 反应能垒分别为9.7和17.3 kJ·mol^-1, 且放热为59.9和47.6 kJ·mol^-1.     

H2S在立方ZrO2(110)面的吸附与解离

采用量子化学的密度泛甬理论方法,探讨了H2S、HS和S在立方ZrO2(110)面上不同吸附位的吸附情况.构型优化的结果表明:在bridge位H2S以垂直底物平面H原子向上、垂直底物平面H原子向下、平行底物平面和hollow位H2S平行底物平面模式吸附在ZrO2(110)面发生解离吸附.SH和S的最佳吸附位分别为桥位和顶位.Mulliken布局和态密度分析显示S原子的p轨道与Zr原子的d轨道发生相互作用.通过计算解离反应的能垒,表明H2S分子在立方ZrO2(110)面发生两步解离.     

转动激发对H＋LiF→HF＋Li的立体动力学影响的理论研究

用准经典轨线方法在Aguado-Paniagua2（AP2）势能面上计算了反应物转动量子态对H＋LiF→HF＋Li反应立体动力学的影响. 给出了关于产物和反应物之间矢量相关的P（μr）和P（ár）的分布情况. 同时计算了四个极化微分反应截面. 结果表明转动量子态对H＋LiF→HF＋Li反应的矢量性质有很大影响. 还计算了H＋LiF→HF＋Li反应的反应几率.     

N2在Fe2Ge(001)表面的吸附机理研究

基于密度泛函理论,系统研究了N₂在催化剂Fe₂Ge(001)表面的吸附特性,并计算了吸附能、差分电荷密度、态密度和脱附时间.研究结果表明:N₂倾斜5°吸附于Fe原子顶位是最佳吸附结构和位置,吸附能最高为-1.88e V,N—Fe键长为0.1765nm.通过分析体系的差分电荷密度发现,吸附体系中N₂和Fe原子的电荷向N原子和Fe之间发生了转移,这是促使N₂在Fe₂Ge表面吸附成键的关键,结合态密度分析得到电荷的转移促使N≡N键弱化,有利于N₂进一步进行其他的反应和脱附.该结果为催化剂材料Fe₂Ge进行电催化氮还原制氨的研究提供了理论参考.     

N_2O在Cu/t-ZrO_2(101)表面的吸附与解离

运用广义梯度密度泛函理论结合周期性平板模型方法研究了N2O在完整及负载Cu的四方相ZrO2(101)表面的吸附与解离.结果表明,N2O在完整ZrO2(101)表面的吸附均为物理吸附,Cu在其完整表面的次表层第一氧位为最稳定吸附位,且覆盖度为0.25ML时的吸附最为稳定,吸附能为155.8kJ/mol;N2O分子中O端弱物理吸附于Cu/ZrO2(101)表面,其N端及平行吸附方式得到的稳定吸附能分别为121.6和66.8kJ/mol.频率及电荷布居计算表明,吸附后对称和反对称伸缩振动频率均发生红移,电子由Cu负载底物表面转移给N2O分子.对N2O分子的解离考虑了N端垂直吸附和平行吸附两种解离反应过程,发现平行吸附过程的解离更易发生.     

Pt(111)单晶电极上乙二醇解离吸附反应动力学

运用电化学循环伏安和程序电位阶跃方法研究了乙二醇在Pt(111)单晶电极上的解离吸附过程.动力学研究的定量结果指出,乙二醇解离吸附反应的平均速率随电极电位变化呈火山型分布,其最大值在0.10 V(vs SCE)附近.测得在含2×10－3 mol•L－1乙二醇的溶液中,最大初始解离速率vi为4.35×10－12 mol•cm-－2•s－1.     

N2分子在UO(100)表面的吸附与解离

运用密度泛函理论中广义梯度近似(GGA)的VWN-BP方法结合周期性平板模型, 研究N2在UO(100)表面的吸附. 研究表明, N2平行吸附在UO(100)表面穴位为最稳定吸附构型, 吸附能为79.0 kJ·mol-1. Mulliken布居分析显示, N2获得电子. 吸附后, N—N伸缩振动频率发生红移, 波数在1770-2143 cm-1之间. 态密度分析表明, U原子将d、f电子转移至N2的2π轨道. 计算所得解离反应的能垒为266.9 kJ·mol-1.     

反应物振动激发对反应He＋H2^2→HeH^＋＋H影响的准经典轨线研究

基于PPA势能面（Palmieri,P.;Puzzarini,C．;Aquilanti,V．Mol．Phys．,2000,98：1835）,运用准经典轨线（quasi—classical trajectory）方法,对反应He＋H2^＋（v=0—2,j=0）→HeH^＋＋H的立体动力学性质进行了理论研究．结果表明,反应物振动激发对反应的k-j’两矢量相关和k—k’-j’三矢量相关分布都产生了较大影响．除此之外,极化微分反应截面对振动量子数”也非常敏感．     

Quasiclassical Trajectory Study of the Reaction of CD4 with O(1D)

Extensive quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the O(¹D)+CD₄ multichannel reaction were carried out on a new global potential energy surface fit by permutationally invariant polynomials. The product branching ratios, translational energy distributions, and angular distributions of OD+CD₃, D+CD₂OD/CD₃O, and D₂+DCOD/D₂CO product channels were calculated and compared with the available experimental results. Good agreement between theory and experiment has been achieved, indicating small isotope effects for the title reaction. The O(¹D)+CD₄ reaction mainly proceeds through the CD₃OD intermediate via the trapped abstraction mechanism, with initial abstraction of the D atom rather than the direct insertion, followed by decomposition of CD₃OD into various products.     

Effects of Single Quantum Rotational Excitation on Reaction of F+D2 at Collision Energies between 44 and 164 cm-1

There is no general picture to describe the influences of reagent rotational excitation on the reaction, which proceeds via the tunnelling mechanism at collision energies far below the reaction barrier. Here we report a crossed beam study on the prototypical reaction of F+D\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}(\begin{document}$v$\end{document}=0, \begin{document}$j$\end{document}=0, 1)\begin{document}$\rightarrow$\end{document}DF(\begin{document}$v'$\end{document})+D at collision energies between 44 and 164 cm\begin{document}$^{-1}$\end{document} with the scheme of multichannel D-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight detection. Vibrational state resolved differential cross sections are obtained at \begin{document}$v'$\end{document}=2, 3, 4 levels. The effects of reagent rotational excitation were investigated at an equivalent amount of total energy by precise tuning of translational energies. Compared with translation, the rotation of D\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} is found to be more efficient to promote the title reaction. Profound differences introduced by rotation of D\begin{document}$_2$\end{document} are also observed on the angular distribution and quantum state distribution of DF products. We hope the present work could provide an example for understanding the effects of reagent rotational excitation on the chemical reaction at energies that are much lower than the reaction barrier.     

Wave packet and quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the N(D) + H2 reaction and its isotopic variants

The N(²D) + H₂(v = 0, j = 0) reaction and its HD and D₂ isotopic variants have been studied by means of quantum mechanical real wave packet and wave packet with split operator and quasiclassical trajectory methodologies on the potential energy surface of Ho et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 6]. Total initial state-selected and final state-resolved reaction probabilities and product rotational distributions have been calculated for total angular momentum J = 0 in a broad range of collision energies. The real wave packet results are in very good agreement with the corresponding split operator wave packet calculations. A reasonable overall good agreement has been found between the wave packet and quasiclassical trajectory results. Integral cross-sections and thermal rate constants have been calculated from the wave packet reaction probabilities by means of standard J-shifting, refined J-shifting and uniform J-shifting methods in combination with the centrifugal sudden approximation for J > 0. Comparisons with available exact wave packet, quasiclassical trajectory and experimental results are made and discussed.     

Six-Dimensional State-to-State Quantum Dynamics of H2/D2 Scattering from Cu(100): Validity of Site-Averaging Model

Six-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations for the state-to-state scattering of H\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document}/D\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} on the rigid Cu(100) surface have been carried out using a time-dependent wave packet approach, based on an accurate neural network potential energy surface fit for thousands of density functional theory data computed with the optPBE-vdW density functional. The present results are compared with previous theoretical and experimental ones regarding to the rovibrationally (in)elastic scattering of H\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} and D\begin{document}$ _2 $\end{document} from Cu(100). In particular, we test the validity of the site-averaging approximation in this system by which the six-dimensional (in)elastic scattering probabilities are compared with the weighted average of four-dimensional results over fifteen fixed sites. Specifically, the site-averaging model reproduces vibrationally elastic scattering probabilities quite well, though less well for vibrationally inelastic results at high energies. These results support the use of the site-averaging model to reduce computational costs in future investigations on the state-to-state scattering dynamics of heavy diatomic or polyatomic molecules from metal surfaces, where full-dimensional calculations are too expensive.     

Vibrational studies of sulfamoil chloride (ClSO2NH2)

The infrared spectrum of sulfamoil chloride in the liquid phase was reinvestigated; the infrared and Raman spectra of the solid phase have also been obtained. A complete assignment of the observed bands is proposed. A subsequent normal coordinate analysis was performed. The experimental data are compared to results of ab initio and DFT (density functional theory) calculations. According to the experimental and theoretical results the main conformer of ClSO₂NH₂ possesses an anti conformation (C_s symmetry, S---Cl single bond in anti position with respect to the nitrogen lone pair).     

CH4+O(3P)→CH3+OH反应的准经典轨线研究

用准经典轨线方法研究了O（3P）与CH4的反应，计算结果表明，CH4（υ＝0，j＝0）与O（3P）的反应在低及高的碰撞参数下都是直接反应，无短寿命的碰撞复合物生成，产物OH以向后散射为主，基本上处于振转基态.CH4（υ＝1，j＝1）与O（3P）的反应在低及高的碰撞参数下反应机理不一样。在低碰撞参数下是直接反应，无短寿命的碰撞复合物生成，产物OH以向后散射为主，主要处于振动基态，转动基本上是冷的，但比高碰撞参数下的热.在高的碰撞参数下则生成短寿命的碰撞复合物，产物OH以向前散射为主，表现出明显的周边动力学反应的特征，主要处于振动激发态（υ＝1），但转动仍然是较冷的。     

二极管激光探测法研究高振动NO2与NH3振动传能

用高分辨、高速、高灵敏度的二极管激光探测法研究了高振动激发的NO2分子与NH3分子的振动能量转移，YAG532um倍频光作为NO2的激发光源，红外二极管激光（约10μ）探测NH3ν2模被激发振转能级的时间分辨的吸收光谱.实验得到NO2与NH3气压比为1：5，1：1，2：1和5：1时NH3（0100；7；k）的激发速率分别为9．28、6．42、5．05和3．65×10－1ms－1·Pa－1.在NH3压力为133Pa时，有大约6％的高振动激发NO2能量转移到NH3ν2振动模，其它大部分转移到NH3的转动和平动能．文中讨论了振动激发的机理．     

Stereodynamics of O(3P)+H2 at Scattering Energies of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 eV

Quasiclassical trajectory calculation of the title reaction O(³P)+H₂→OH+H at three different scattering energies of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 eV on the lowest electronic potential energy surface 1³A" has been done. Distribution P(θ_r) of polar angles between the relative velocityk of the reactant and rotational angular momentum vector j' of the product, distribution P(φr) of the azimuthal as well as dihedral angles correlating k-k'-j', 3-dimensional distri-bution, and polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs)dependent upon the scattering angle of the product molecule OH between the relative velocity k of the reactant and k' of the product at different scattering energies of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 eV are presented and discussed.     

Path Integral Liouville Dynamics Simulations of Vibrational Spectra of Formaldehyde and Hydrogen Peroxide

Formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide are two important realistic molecules in atmospheric chemistry. We implement path integral Liouville dynamics (PILD) to calculate the dipole-derivative autocorrelation function for obtaining the infrared spectrum. In comparison to exact vibrational frequencies, PILD faithfully captures most nuclear quantum effects in vibrational dynamics as temperature changes and as the isotopic substitution occurs.     

CH3NO2与HE(23S)、Ne(3P0.2)的解离激发反应

利用分子束和化学发光技术，在单次碰撞条件下，首次研究了亚稳态原子He（23S）、Ne（3P0．2）与CH3NO2的解离激发反应，探测到反应的激发态产物（CH（A）、CH（B）、CH（C）的化学发光，在He（23S）／CH3NO2反应中同时探测到H（Balmer）的发射．利用He（23S）＋N2→N2＋（B）＋He＋e－作参考反应，测定了反应He（23S）／CH3NO2产生的CH的A－X，B－X，C－X以及H原子的发射速率常数．利用化学发光光谱的计算机模拟，求得了激发态产物CH（A）的初生态振动布居和转动温度．结合相空间理论对解离过程CH（A）的形成通道进行了讨论，认为CH（A）的形成是经由中间体CH3*的二体解离过程．