Al-Mg合金熔体快速凝固过程中微观结构演化机理的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对Al₅₀Mg₅₀合金熔体的快速凝固过程进行了模拟,并采用双体分布函数、键型指数法和原子团类型指数法等方法,从微观结的不同层面对Al-Mg合金熔体快速凝固过程中微观结构的演化机理进行了深入的分析研究.结果表明：本模拟所获得的Faber-Ziman偏结构因子与实验结果符合较好.Al₅₀Mg₅₀合金熔体具有遗传性,在快速凝固过程形成了非晶态结构,其中二十面体短程序结构对非晶态结构的形成起决定性作用.基于原 关键词： Al-Mg合金熔体 快速凝固过程 分子动力学模拟 微观结构     

快凝Pd82Si18合金原子团簇的演化特性及遗传机制

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟计算,对Pd82Si18合金快凝过程中基本原子团簇的遗传特性、演化趋势和结构稳定性进行了研究.团簇类型指数法(CTIM)分析表明:非晶固体中Si原子为中心的(102/14418/1551)双帽阿基米德反棱柱(BSAP)团簇数目占据优势.快凝过程中,BSAP结构团簇具有最大的遗传分数,并且其他以Si原子为中心的Kasper团簇大多都会向BSAP结构团簇转变.通过对Si原子为中心的Kasper基本团簇电子性质第一性原理计算发现,体系中BSAP团簇的结合能最低,结构稳定性较高,与分子动力学计算结果一致.     

Mg-Al合金熔体中固液界面结构的分子动力学研究

本文采用分子动力学研究了Mg-3%Al合金熔体中固液界面结构及界面附近原子的扩散行为.计算结果表明,该二元合金的固液界面为粗糙界面.垂直于界面方向的数密度分布,表现出复杂波动的特征,这种波动一直延伸到液体中.在界面附近的区域,扩散系数的三个不同方向的分量表现出了明显的各向异性,并且这种各向异性一直持续到液相当中.对界面二维结构的分析表明,界面附近液相原子的二维排列呈现出从长程有序逐渐过渡到短程有序的变化.     

Comparison of formation and evolution of radiation-induced defects in pure Ni and Ni-Co-Fe medium-entropy alloy

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) and medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) have attracted a great deal of attention for developing nuclear materials because of their excellent irradiation tolerance. Herein, formation and evolution of radiation-induced defects in NiCoFe MEA and pure Ni are investigated and compared using molecular dynamics simulation. It is observed that the defect recombination rate of ternary NiCoFe MEA is higher than that of pure Ni, which is mainly because, in the process of cascade collision, the energy dissipated through atom displacement decreases with increasing the chemical disorder. Consequently, the heat peak phase lasts longer, and the recombination time of the radiation defects (interstitial atoms and vacancies) is likewise longer, with fewer deleterious defects. Moreover, by studying the formation and evolution of dislocation loops in Ni-Co-Fe alloys and Ni, it is found that the stacking fault energy in Ni-Co-Fe decreases as the elemental composition increases, facilitating the formation of ideal stacking fault tetrahedron structures. Hence, these findings shed new light on studying the formation and evolution of radiation-induced defects in MEAs.     

飞秒激光烧蚀镍钛形状记忆合金的蚀除机理

结合双温模型的分子动力学模拟方法,研究了飞秒激光脉冲辐照B2结构镍钛合金时烧蚀阈值附近的靶材蚀除机制,数值模拟了中心波长为800nm,脉宽为100fs,能量密度为25~50mJ/cm2的激光与90nm厚B2结构镍钛合金薄膜相互作用过程。确定了脉宽为100fs的脉冲激光与镍钛形状记忆合金相互作用的烧蚀阈值,发现烧蚀阈值条件下,靶材的蚀除机制是单纯基于应力作用的机械破碎;烧蚀阈值附近,未蚀除靶材受热影响发生无序化相变的区域较小,且随激光能量密度的降低而减小。提高激光功率密度,烧蚀同时呈现热机械蚀除和机械破碎机制。     

飞秒激光烧蚀镍钛形状记忆合金的蚀除机理

结合双温模型的分子动力学模拟方法,研究了飞秒激光脉冲辐照B2结构镍钛合金时烧蚀阈值附近的靶材蚀除机制,数值模拟了中心波长为800 nm,脉宽为100 fs,能量密度为25~50 mJ/cm2的激光与90 nm厚B2结构镍钛合金薄膜相互作用过程。确定了脉宽为100 fs的脉冲激光与镍钛形状记忆合金相互作用的烧蚀阈值,发现烧蚀阈值条件下,靶材的蚀除机制是单纯基于应力作用的机械破碎;烧蚀阈值附近,未蚀除靶材受热影响发生无序化相变的区域较小,且随激光能量密度的降低而减小。 提高激光功率密度,烧蚀同时呈现热机械蚀除和机械破碎机制。     

深过冷液态Ni2TiAl合金热物理性质的分子动力学模拟

采用嵌入原子法对深过冷条件下Ni₂TiAl合金的焓和密度进行了分子动力学模拟，模拟获得了比热和密度在1200K至2000K范围内的温度依赖关系. 结果表明过冷条件下Ni₂TiAl合金的比热、密度和温度之间存在着线性关系，它们都随着温度的降低而降低. 比热的大小与依据Neumann-Kopp法则估算的结果相近，同时模拟过程中的尺度效应经验证可以忽略. 关键词： 2TiAl合金')" href="#">Ni₂TiAl合金 比热 密度 分子动力学模拟     

Molecular dynamics study of plastic deformation mechanism in Cu/Ag multilayers

The plastic deformation mechanism of Cu/Ag multilayers is investigated by molecular dynamics(MD) simulation in a nanoindentation process. The result shows that due to the interface barrier, the dislocations pile-up at the interface and then the plastic deformation of the Ag matrix occurs due to the nucleation and emission of dislocations from the interface and the dislocation propagation through the interface. In addition, it is found that the incipient plastic deformation of Cu/Ag multilayers is postponed, compared with that of bulk single-crystal Cu. The plastic deformation of Cu/Ag multilayers is affected by the lattice mismatch more than by the difference in stacking fault energy(SFE) between Cu and Ag. The dislocation pile-up at the interface is determined by the obstruction of the mismatch dislocation network and the attraction of the image force. Furthermore, this work provides a basis for further understanding and tailoring metal multilayers with good mechanical properties, which may facilitate the design and development of multilayer materials with low cost production strategies.     

Ti3Al合金凝固过程晶核形成及演变过程的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对Ti₃Al合金的形核机理进行了模拟研究,采用团簇类型指数法(CTIM),对凝固过程不同尺度的原子团簇结构进行了识别和表征,深入研究了临界晶核的形成和长大过程.结果表明,凝固过程体系包含了数万种不同类型的原子团簇结构,但其中22种团簇结构类型对结晶形核过程起关键性作用.在晶核的形成和长大过程,类二十面体(ICO)原子团簇、类BCC原子团簇和缺陷FCC及缺陷HCP原子团簇在3个特征温度点T₁ (1110 K), T₂ (1085 K)和T₃ (1010 K)时达到数量上的饱和,并根据数量和空间分布随温度的变化,得到了它们在形核和长大过程相互竞争的关系.跟踪平行孪生晶粒形成和长大的过程发现,临界晶核是由FCC原子构成的单相结构,并未观察到亚稳BCC相优先形核的过程;平行孪生结构是由FCC单相晶核在沿密排面逐层生长过程中形成的.结果还表明, CTIM相比于其他微观结构表示方法,能更为准确地揭示凝固过程微观结构的转变特征.     

液态铝基合金微观结构及其性质的分子动力学模拟研究

利用分子动力学研究了液态铝基合金Al80Fe20和Al80Cu20在 800~2200K温度范围内的微观结构和性质的变化。扩散系数的计算结果显示两合金有着不同的动力学行为。温度大约1400K以下液态Al80Cu20的扩散系数随温度的变化比Arrhenius关系所预期的要慢些,所得结果与Brillo研究小组的实验结果基本一致。当液态铝基合金的动力学发生异常变化时,其微观二十面体短程序的含量和作用也发生相应的变化。因此,熔体的奇特动力学行为可能由于其微观局域结构短程序随着温度的变化而异常地改变而引起的。     

液态铝基合金微观结构及其性质的分子动力学模拟研究(英文)

利用分子动力学研究了液态铝基合金Al80Fe20和Al80Cu20在800~2200K温度范围内的微观结构和性质的变化.扩散系数的计算结果显示两合金有着不同的动力学行为.温度大约1400K以下液态Al80Cu20的扩散系数随温度的变化比Arrhenius关系所预期的要慢些,所得结果与Brillo研究小组的实验结果基本一致.当液态铝基合金的动力学发生异常变化时,其微观二十面体短程序的含量和作用也发生相应的变化.因此,熔体的奇特动力学行为可能由于其微观局域结构短程序随着温度的变化而异常地改变而引起的.     

A simulation study of rapid solidification and crystal configuration of Cu_(70)Ni_(30) alloy

1 Introduction It is well known that the performances of metal materials are mainly determined by their special microcosmic configuration formed in the concreting processes. For under- standing the relationship between the configuration and performance, it is very impor- tant both in theory and practice to find out the form and transition feature of microcos- mic configuration by tracking the concreting processes of liquid metals. Cu-Ni alloy is a completely solid solution or a single-phase al…     

液态Mg7Zn3合金快速凝固过程中微观结构演变机理的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对液态Mg₇Zn₃合金的快速凝固过程进行了模拟研究,并采用双体分布函数、Honeycutt-Andersen键型指数法、原子团类型指数法(CTIM)以及遗传跟踪等方法对凝固过程中团簇结构的形成、演变特性进行了分析.结果表明:在以冷速为1×10¹² K ·s^-1的凝固过程中, Zn-Zn原子之间的相互成键的概率明显增加,形成以1551,1541,1431键型为主的非晶态结构.其特征键型1551随温度变化 关键词： 液态MgZn合金 快速凝固过程 微观结构演变 分子动力学模拟     

高压对快凝Pd_(82)Si_(18)合金团簇结构及其遗传的影响

采用分子动力学方法,对高压条件下液态Pd_(82)Si_(18)合金快凝过程进行了模拟研究,并采用双体分布函数、Honeycutt-Andersen键对指数、原子团类型指数等方法表征和分析了快凝合金的微结构特征.结果发现:随着压力增加,玻璃合金中低配位数(Z≤11)的Kasper团簇数目显著减少,而高配位数(Z≥12)的Kasper团簇及其变形结构的数目大幅增加,当压力超过10 GPa玻璃合金中的(11 2/1441 8/1551 1/1661)团簇取代了(10 2/1441 8/1551)团簇的主导地位.提高压力能显著增加玻璃合金中高配位数(Z≥12) Kasper团簇铰链的中程序(MRO)数目,但低配位数(Z≤11) Kasper团簇仍主要形成共享顶点原子的扩展团簇.遗传跟踪分析发现,压力能够显著提高Kasper团簇的阶段遗传分数和遗传起始温度,增强了快凝Pd_(82)Si_(18)合金的玻璃形成能力.     

慢正电子束流技术在金属/合金微观缺陷研究中的应用

正电子湮没谱学技术是研究材料微观结构非常有效的一种核谱学分析方法, 主要用于获取材料内部微观结构的分布信息, 特别是微观缺陷结构及其特性等传统表征方法难以获取的微观结构信息. 近年来, 在慢正电子束流技术快速发展的基础上, 正电子湮没谱学技术在薄膜材料表面和界面微观结构的研究中得到了广泛应用. 特别是该技术对空位型缺陷的高灵敏表征能力, 使其在金属/合金材料表面微观缺陷的形成机理、缺陷结构特性及其演化行为等研究方面具有独特的优势. 针对材料内部微观缺陷的形成、演化机理以及缺陷特性的研究, 如缺陷的微观结构、化学环境、电子密度和动量分布等, 正电子湮没谱学测量方法和表征分析技术已经发展成熟. 而能量连续可调的低能正电子束流, 进一步实现了薄膜材料表面微观结构深度分布信息的实验表征. 本文综述了慢正电子束流技术应用研究的最新进展, 主要围绕北京慢正电子束流装置在金属/合金材料微观缺陷的研究中对微观缺陷特性的表征和表面微观缺陷演化行为的应用研究成果展开论述.     

TiAl/Ti3Al体系剪切变形的分子动力学研究

利用分子动力学方法研究了正化学比的TiAl/Ti3Al双相体系中剪切变形诱发位错形核以及相关结构转变的动态过程以及切变力场对最终结构的影响.研究发现,在TiAl/Ti3Al双相体系中剪切变形诱发黏滞-滑移式的滑移行为;界面在其中起到了传递能量、均衡协变的作用,界面两侧的异相结构保留了单相形变特征.六角密堆积(HCP)-Ti3Al部分各原子层较长时间内呈整体剪切协变,其后形变分化为应力集中诱发层错区和初始完整结构回复区;而面心立方(FCC)-TiAl部分因刚性较大仅存在微协变,其后局部受力区直接诱发相邻原子层间相对滑移,发生FCC向HCP结构转变.变形结构方面,HCP-Ti3Al部分在剪切力较大区域形成连续且稳定的FCC堆垛,近界面区FCC薄层与HCP相交替并存;而FCC-TiAl部分内禀层错和孪晶共存,当力场增大时形成亚稳HCP结构.     

TiAl/Ti3Al体系剪切变形的分子动力学研究

利用分子动力学方法研究了正化学比的TiAl/Ti₃Al双相体系中剪切变形诱发位错形核以及相关结构转变的动态过程以及切变力场对最终结构的影响.研究发现,在TiAl/Ti₃Al双相体系中剪切变形诱发黏滞-滑移式的滑移行为;界面在其中起到了传递能量、均衡协变的作用,界面两侧的异相结构保留了单相形变特征.六角密堆积（HCP）-Ti₃Al部分各原子层较长时间内呈整体剪切协变,其后形变分化为应力集中诱发层错区和初始完整结构回复区;而面心立方（FCC）-TiAl部分因刚性较大仅存在微协变,其后局部受力区直接诱发相邻原子层间相对滑移,发生FCC向HCP结构转变.变形结构方面,HCP-Ti₃Al部分在剪切力较大区域形成连续且稳定的FCC堆垛,近界面区FCC薄层与HCP相交替并存;而FCC-TiAl部分内禀层错和孪晶共存,当力场增大时形成亚稳HCP结构. 关键词： 3Al')" href="#">TiAl/Ti₃Al 分子动力学模拟 剪切变形 层错结构     

Evolution of mechanical response and dislocation microstructures in small-scale specimens under slightly different loading conditions

In small dimensions, the flow stress of metallic samples shows a size-dependence such that smaller is stronger, even in nominally strain gradient-free loading conditions. However, the role of the boundary conditions in miniaturised tension or compression tests on the mechanical response and dislocation structure has not been studied in detail. In simulations performed with a three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics tool, initial, well-defined dislocation microstructures are loaded in tension with different boundary conditions including superimposed torsion moments. The influence of the loading conditions on details of the evolving dislocation microstructure was investigated by using identical starting configuration. An additional torsion moment significantly influences the dislocation activity since forest-dislocations are generated, but size effect of the flow stress is found to be unchanged.     

A simulation study of rapid solidification and crystal configuration of Cu70Ni30 alloy

A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study has been performed for the rapid solidification of Cu₇₀Ni₃₀ adopting the quantum Sutton-Chen many-body potentials. By analyzing the bond-types and the relation of atomic average energy versus temperature, it was demonstrated that as cooling rate being 2×10¹² K/s, the Cu₇₀Ni₃₀ formed fcc crystal structures and freezing point was found. In addition, having analyzed the transformation of microstructures and the detail of crystal growth by using atomic trace and visual method, not only could the formation of binary disordered solid solution be showed, but also the solidification of liquid metals and the crystal growth processes could be, further understood.     

A simulation study of rapid solidification and crystal configuration of Cu<Subscript>70</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>30</Subscript> alloy

A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study has been performed for the rapid solidification of Cu₇₀Ni₃₀ adopting the quantum Sutton-Chen many-body potentials. By analyzing the bond-types and the relation of atomic average energy versus temperature, it was demonstrated that as cooling rate being 2×10¹² K/s, the Cu₇₀Ni₃₀ formed fcc crystal structures and freezing point was found. In addition, having analyzed the transformation of microstructures and the detail of crystal growth by using atomic trace and visual method, not only could the formation of binary disordered solid solution be showed, but also the solidification of liquid metals and the crystal growth processes could be, further understood.