大气压放电等离子体柱的光谱研究

大气压放电等离子体柱在飞行器隐身技术方面具有非常重要的应用。利用同轴介质阻挡放电水电极装置,大气压下在氩气中放电产生了长达65 cm的均匀等离子体柱。利用光学方法研究了等离子体柱的放电机理为发光子弹传播。通过测量发现该子弹的传播速度约为0.6×105 m·s-1。采用发射光谱法测量了等离子体柱的发射光谱中谱线强度比随外加电压和驱动频率的变化关系,其相对强度之比表征了电子平均能量。结果表明电子平均能量随外加电压和驱动频率的增加而增加。本工作对大气压下气体放电的工业应用具有一定的意义,在军事飞行器隐身方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

An Investigation of the Temporal Dark-Image-Sticking Phenomenon in an AC Plasma Display Panel With an Auxiliary Electrode

In this paper, the temporal dark-image-sticking phenomenon in an ac plasma display panel (PDP) with an auxiliary electrode is investigated. To investigate this phenomenon, temporal behaviors of a black background image were observed in accordance with the sustain-discharge time and the relaxation time. Since dark image sticking is related to the reset discharge, our measurements focused on the reset period. In the case of an ac PDP with three electrodes, iterant sustain discharges induced an increase in black luminance, thereby leaving a residual image. However, in the case of an ac PDP with an auxiliary electrode, there was no variation of luminance between the states before and after the iterant sustain discharges. As a result, no residual image remained, and no distortion of the image could be recognized with the human eye, even after iterant sustain discharges.      

大气压氩气射流等离子体的光谱特性研究

等离子体喷枪是一种重要的等离子体源,已成为近几年低温等离子体研究的一个重要课题。本文利用钨针-钨丝网电极制作了直流喷枪装置,在大气压空气中产生了稳定的等离子体羽,并采用发射光谱的方法,对等离子体羽的等离子体参数进行了研究。在钨针电极与钨丝网电极之间放出耀眼的白光,钨丝网电极出口的气流下游有火苗形状的等离子体羽喷出。在电压保持不变的条件下(13.5 kV),等离子体羽长度随气体流量增加而增大;在气体流量保持不变的条件下(10 L·min-1),羽长度随外加电压的增大而增大。在气体流量一定的条件下,放电电压和放电电流呈反比例关系,即电压随着电流的增大而减小,说明放电属于辉光放电。采集了该喷枪在300～800 nm范围内的放电发射光谱,通过玻尔兹曼方法对放电等离子体电子激发温度进行了测量。结果表明,电子的激发温度随外加电压的增大而降低,随着工作气体流量的减小而升高。利用放电的基本理论对上述现象做了解释。这些研究结果对大气压均匀放电等离子体源的研制和工业应用具有重要意义。     

非平坦样品激光诱导等离子体光谱特性研究

激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）作为一种快速、实时的元素分析技术,由于其在痕量元素探测、地质环境监测等领域有着广阔的应用前景,而受到人们极大的关注。在实际应用中,样品表面是影响等离子体产生及其特性的关键环境因素之一。在大气环境下,利用脉宽为8 ns、波长为1 064 nm的纳秒脉冲激光产生等离子体,对比研究了天然岩石样品在非平坦和平坦表面条件下等离子体的发射光谱。基于激光辅助辐射波模型,阐释了非平坦样品表面对其光谱特性的影响。通过对比等离子体时间积分光谱,发现非平坦样品的谱线强度相比于平坦样品的谱线强度减弱了近70%,该结果说明非平坦样品表面对LIBS真实测量数据的负面影响不可忽视。针对褐铁矿样品中的谱线Fe Ⅰ 404.58 nm和Fe Ⅰ 438.35 nm,研究了在平坦和非平坦样品表面下的峰值强度以及其衰减因子随激光能量的变化规律,结果表明非平坦样品表面条件下采集的光谱强度始终低于平坦样品表面的光谱强度。光谱强度的衰减因子先随激光能量增大而逐渐降低,并在激光能量33 mJ达到最小值,后随激光能量的进一步增大而增大。实验结果进一步表明在非平坦样品表面条件下产生了密度较低的等离子体,并且非平坦与平坦样品的电子密度的比值在激光能量33 mJ时达到最小,此结果与光谱强度的衰减因子随激光能量的变化趋势一致,这是源于非平坦样品表面会形成较大激光入射角度,使得激光等离子体能量吸收区厚度变薄,产生等离子体屏蔽效应所对应的激光能量阈值升高。此外,样品表面状态和激光能量对等离子体温度的影响甚微。阐述了非正入射时等离子体特征参数与正入射时等离子体特征参数的联系和差异,揭示了非平坦样品激光等离子体特征参量变化的内在物理机制,为室外LIBS探测技术在元素定性和定量分析中光谱强度的校正提供参考。     

Striations in Plasma Display Panel

The phenomenon of striation has been investigated experimentally in a macroscopic ac-plasma display panel （PDP）. The relationship between the characteristics of striation and the operation conditions including voltage, frequency, rib, and electrode configuration, etc is obtained experimentally. The origin of the striations is considered to be the ionization waves in the transient positive column near the dielectric surface in the anode area during the discharge, and the perturbation is caused by resonance kinetic effects in inert gas.     

利用人工神经网络进行激光等离子体诊断

利用前馈神经网络对激光等离子体打靶实验中所得的Ｘ光光谱数据进行处理，可以方便地球出等离子体的电子温度和电子密度等参数。在对网络的训练时采用误差信号反向传输算法，训练后的神经网络能够有效地对Ｘ光光谱数据进行处理，文中给出了用此法算出的Ｍｇ等离子体电子温度和电子密度的空间分布轮廓，与用传统方法所得的结果完全吻合。     

Binding energy of a hydrogen impurity in an f.c.c. lattice

Hydrogen impurities in f.c.c. lattices, Pd metal for example, can occupy two interstitial sites, with tetrahedral or octahedral symmetries. Using the Husimi cactus to represent the f.c.c. lattice and two clusters to describe the two different interstices, we calculate the densities of states and the occupation numbers at the impurity site and on its nearest neighbours. The binding energies are calculated and plotted against the hopping integral between the hydrogen and its neighbours (t_a). We found that the octahedral site is the stable one for values of t_a from 0 to 1.5 eV.     

Investigation of a Coaxial Plasma Jet Accelerator

Technical Physics - We report the results of an investigation of the main energy parameters of a plasma jet from a coaxial accelerator with a conical insert in the charge-formation region. We have...     

Response of a Lorentzian gas to an a. c. pulse

The response of a “Lorentz gas” to a pulsed a.c. electric field and its relaxation after the cessation of this field has been studied by solving the Boltzmann's transfer equation. Explicit expressions for the electron distribution function and the current density are obtained under the assumption that the collision frequency is independent of the electron velocity.     

One-Particle Spectral Function of Electrons in a Hot and Dense Plasma

A self-consistent determination of the spectral function and the self-energy of electrons in a hot and dense plasma is reported. The self-energy is determined within the approximation of the screened potential (GW approximation). The rigorous self-consistent calculation of the spectral function is compared with the quasi-particle approximation. Results are presented for the solar core plasma as well as for ICF plasmas. It is shown, that the quasi-particle concept is not an adequate concept for these plasmas. For the sake of comparison an effective quasi-particle picture is introduced.     

Low-Frequency Asymptotics of the Spectral Energy Distribution of Equilibrium Radiation in an Electron Plasma

Technical Physics - It has been shown that a logarithmic singularity in low-frequency asymptotics of the spectral energy distribution of equilibrium radiation in an electron plasma may occur in the...     

托卡马克等离子体高分辨率光谱诊断

通过压电晶体驱动法布里－珀罗干涉仪实现波长扫描，在单次托卡马克放电过程中完成了离子温度的时间分辨测量，实验表明，该方法光谱分辨率高，并且避免了因多次重复放电引起的不准确性。     

线状钛激光等离子体的光谱特性

通过研究线状激光等离子体的轴向光谱，辨认和归类了一些高离化态钛离子的谱线，并发现钛等离子与表层氧化物离子体的相互作用导致轴向发射光谱强度变化的现象。     

Investigation of a Rail Electromagnetic Plasma Jet Source

Technical Physics - We report the results of investigation of elements of a rail-type electromagnetic accelerator (railgun), which are aimed at analysis of the mechanism of formation of a dense...     

Investigation of Plasma Parameters in a Magnetoplasma Compressor

The article presents the results of experimental investigations that were carried out at the Center for Science and Technology Development in Belgrade (Yugoslavia) and pertained to the plasma streams generated by a gasdischarge magnetoplasma compressor (MPC). The integral characteristics of the discharge, the dynamic parameters of a compression flux, and the concentration of the plasma electrons in the magnetoplasma compressor have been determined. The distinguishing features of the discharge afterglow from the volume of a vacuum chamber for a long time after the termination of the discharge current have been investigated.     

交流等离子体显示器的红外辐射光谱

为优化交流等离子体显示器(AC PDP)的单元结构和驱动电压,采用光谱测量系统和交流等离子体显示器宏单元对电极结构参量、带有浮动电极的新型单元结构及维持电压脉冲参量对Ne-Xe混合气体放电辐射的红外光谱的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,随着维持电极宽度增加,单元放电辐射的828 nm红外光谱的强度提高,而其辐射效率基本保持不变;随着维持电极间隙增大或在维持电极间加有适当宽度的浮动电极,红外辐射光谱的强度及其辐射效率均提高;提高维持电压脉冲频率或幅度,可增加红外辐射强度,但辐射效率降低。     

低温等离子体的光谱测量研究

采用光谱测量法研究低温等离子体特性具有突出的优点.阐述了目前光谱测量用于低温等离子体研究的原理和分析方法,将运用光谱描述等离子体的方法概括成直接分析和间接分析两类.本文采用光谱测量的方法对常压空气辉光放电(APGD)等离子体进行了研究,得到了APGD等离子体光辐射特性随所加功率呈线性关系的结果,为常压空气辉光放电等离子体的光谱诊断建立了基础.     

圆柱形介质阻挡放电等离子体光谱诊断

在350~1150 nm范围内对开放空间Ar气介质阻挡放电等离子体的发射光谱进行测量,表明Ar发射谱线主要集中在680 nm~950 nm,且都为Ar原子谱线。采用发射光谱相对强度对比法,选取相距较近且有相同下能级的727.29 nm(2P2-1S4),738.40 nm(2P3-1S4)和751.47 nm(2P5-1S4)三条光谱测量电子温度。通过对在Ar气和空气中放电谱线的对比和分析,得出发射光谱相对强度与电源功率的关系。最终得出若要便于工业应用和光谱测量,需要选择特定的气体流量和电源功率。     

常压射流等离子体发射光谱研究

使用改进介质阻挡放电装置生成常压射流等离子体,采用光纤光栅光谱仪在300～1 000 nm范围记录了不同放电电压的氩气发射光谱,并比较了空气和氩气常压介质阻挡放电等离子体发射光谱,分析发现氩气发射光谱中的谱线都是氩原子的发射谱线,表明常压射流装置产生的等离子体全部为氩等离子体,而无其他空气成分参与放电。为测量电子激发温度,选用相距较近的763.51和772.42 nm两条光谱线对电子温度进行分析,结果表明电子激发温度的范围在0.1～0.3 eV,而且它还随着放电电压的增加而增加。初步使用“红外测温仪”测量被处理材料表面温度,结果发现材料表面的温度也随着放电电压的增加而增加,范围在50～100 ℃,材料表面温度的变化趋势可以近似表征等离子体宏观温度变化趋势。通过分析常压射流等离子体的温度特性,探讨了常压射流等离子体温度对材料改性研究的意义。