α,β-聚-DL-天冬酰胺衍生物水凝胶的合成及其溶胀性能研究

以ＤＬ 天冬氨酸为单体，通过缩合聚合反应合成聚 ＤＬ 丁二酰亚胺，然后用不同比例的乙醇胺和丁二胺进行开环和交联，获得α，β 聚 ＤＬ 天冬酰胺衍生物水凝胶．测定了水凝胶在几种不同溶液中的溶胀比，结果表明该水凝胶在蒸馏水中的溶胀比为１１０～４４０倍，在不同浓度的盐溶液中的溶胀比有不同程度的降低，在０１６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的抗肿瘤药物５ 氟尿嘧啶（５ Ｆｕ）水溶液中的溶胀比可达１４０倍．研究了聚丁二酰亚胺分子量、溶剂用量及交联剂用量等因素对凝胶溶胀性能的影响．     

细菌纤维素/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的制备及性能表征

通过自由基聚合在细菌纤维素(BC)网络中引入聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),制备了细菌纤维素/聚丙烯酰胺(BC/PAM)复合水凝胶,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、热失重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和力学测试等手段对复合凝胶的结构和性能进行了研究.研究结果显示在复合水凝胶中,虽然PAM自身没有交联,但由...     

DYNAMIC SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF POLYACRYLAMIDE BASED THREE COMPONENT HYDROGELS

Three component polymeric thydrogels with greater water sorption properties were prepared of polyacrylamide, poly-vinylpyrrolidone, and gelatin by crosslinked polymerization method. The water uptake by hydrogel was greatly dependent on the composition of the hydrogel and external stimuli such as the presence of electrolytes and temperature of the system. The dynamics of the sorption process was investigated and found to be Fickian controlled. The hydrogels prepared were found to exhibit high antithrombogenic property than that possessed by the glass surface.     

化学交联聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶的合成、表征及溶胀特性

用环氧氯丙烷作交联剂,制备了一种聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶.用FTIR和GPC方法对其结构作了表征.在干凝胶中逐步加水使其溶胀,通过差示扫描量热(DSC)方法测量溶胀水凝胶中不同状态水的含量变化来研究凝胶的溶胀特性.结果表明,当水进入干凝胶网络后首先与网络链上的亲水基团通过氢键的结合形成非冻结水,非冻结水与干凝胶的比值为0.20.非冻结水饱和之后,额外再加入的水渗入网络空间,同步形成冻结水与自由水两种状态直至达到平衡溶胀为止.     

辐射交联制备改性CMC水凝胶的溶胀行为研究

利用丙烯酰胺 (AAm)接枝改性纤维素 ,然后进行羧甲基化反应得到高取代度的丙烯酰胺 羧甲基纤维素钠 (AAm CMC Na) .对该材料进行γ射线辐照制备出新型改性CMC水凝胶 .研究了这种水凝胶的溶胀动力学、交联动力学以及温度、pH值和无机盐浓度对水凝胶溶胀行为的影响 ,并与CMC Na水凝胶进行了比较 .结果表明 ,该水凝胶和CMC Na水凝胶相比 ,优点在于辐照交联所用的剂量下降 ,而且所需的CMC浓度减少 .AAm CMC Na水凝胶的溶胀度随温度升高而增大 ,在pH为 6～ 8范围内达到最大值 ,并随无机盐浓度与吸收剂量增加而下降 ,表现出较好的温度敏感性和pH敏感性 ,可望作为吸水材料和水保持剂     

聚乙烯醇水凝胶溶胀特性研究

在前文对聚乙烯醇水溶液冰冻凝胶化浓度依赖性研究基础上，对接触浓度（Ｃ）以上聚乙烯醇水溶液通过冰冻－融化处理，制得了一种含水率高达９５～９８％的水凝胶．系统研究了该水凝胶在蒸馏水中的溶胀及溶解特性．得到了一个与实验结果相吻合的溶胀动力学方程：Ｑ１＝Ｑｅ－（Ｑｅ－ＱＯ）／ｅｋｔ，及平衡溶胀比Ｑｅ与浓度之间的定量关系：Ｑｅ＝６０．３－４．４５×１０２Ｃ．发现当冰冻－融化次数Ｎ≤５时，平衡溶胀比Ｑｅ及溶解量Ｗ与冰冻－融化次数（Ｎ）间满足幂函数关系：Ｑｅ。Ｗ通过对聚乙烯醇水凝胶平衡溶胀比与经冰冻处理的聚乙烯醇水溶液特性粘数进行比较，发现反映链间氢键凝聚缠结效应与反映链内氢键凝聚缠结效应的定量指标具有等效性．     

SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF ACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS AND pHs

Swelling property of acrylamide hydrogels, prepared from aqueous solutions of acrylamide monomer having concentrations in the range of 10-60 wt% by γ-ray irradiation method using a Co-60 gamma radiation source at doses ranging 1-30.0 kGy, has been investigated under various swelling media. These swelling media were basically solvents (solutions), produced by dissolving methanol, ethanol, glucose, sucrose, sodium chloride and sodium persulfate individually with distilled water, and solutions prepared with pHs = 3, 7 and 10. The investigation was performed in order to observe the effect of these solvents and pHs as well as the influence of monomer concentrations, radiation doses and times on swelling behavior of hydrogels. Swelling values were found higher for hydrogels prepared with lower monomer concentrations (ca.20 wt%) and radiation doses (ca. 5 kGy) and showed a leveling off tendency within 24 h. The glucose solvent and the buffer solution of pH = 10 revealed significant increase of swelling of hydrogels as compared to other solutions. Results are explained based on crosslinking density in hydrogel, polymer-solvent/polymer-polymer interactions in solutions,permeability of molecules in solutions and ionization capacity of hydrogel in pH.     

水溶性高聚物聚丙烯酰胺的稀溶液性质(Ⅰ)

本工作利用光散射和粘度方法,使用辐射聚合聚丙烯酰胺(PAAM)的级分样品,研究了在较宽分子量范围(10~4-10~7)内PAAM的特性粘数,分子尺寸及第二维利系数对重均分子量的依赖性.从实验上得到了PAAM在0.2mol/lNaCl水溶液中的均方旋转半径与均方末端距之间的关系及高分子-溶剂相互作用参数.     

盐中水不溶物测定中的问题及解决办法

分析盐中水不溶物含量测定时过滤、洗涤、称量等操作过程中存在的一些问题，提出了相应的解决办法。     

EFFECT OF GAMMA RAYS IN THE PREPARATION OF POLYMER AND HYDROGEL FROM ACRYLAMIDE MONOMER

The formation of polymer and hydrogel from aqueous solutions having 20, 30 and 40% concentrations ofacrylamide monomer by γ-ray irradiation processing in the dose range 0.06-30 kGy using a Co-60 source and theircharacterization have been observed. Polymer conversion and gel fraction are found to depend on radiation doses. Polymerconversion increases with the increase of dose, depending on the solution concentration, where maximum conversion isachieved at 0.18, 0.16 and 0.10 kGy for 20%, 30% and 40% concentrations, respectively. On the other hand, gel fractionincreases with dose from the gel point (0.12 kGy) for all concentrations, where 100% conversion of gel occurs at doses≥5 kGy. Tensile strength, viscosity and molecular weight (M_w) of polymer samples increase with both the dose and theconcentration, showing a high value of M_w up to≈10~8. Swelling of hydrogels under water with respect to time varies due tothe variation of cross-linking density formed in the gels and the maximum swelling mainly occurs within 24 h. A remarkable change of surface morphology reveals characteristic features of monomer, polymer and hydrogel films.     

VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR OF LACQUER POLYSACCHARIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The dependence of measured viscosity on NaCl concentration (0.1 to 3.0M), pH (range of 2—13) and cadoxen composition w_(cad) (from 2% to 100%) for the lacquer polysaccharide in NaCl/cadoxen/H_2O mixture containing HCl or without were obtained. All the viscosity exponents γin the Mark-Houwink equations under three different solvent condition arc close to 0.5. The w_(cad) dependence of reduced viscosity ηsp/c confirms the single strand chain of the polysaccharide. As the γvalues close to 0.5 and values of unperturbed dimension _θ/M and [η] much smaller than those for usual linear polymers, these facts suggest that the polysaccharide chains in the aqueous solutions should be dense random coil owing to the highly branched structure.     

EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUOROCARBON-MODIFIED POLYACRYLAMIDE/SURFACTANT AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The interaction between surfactants and fluorocarbon-modified polyacrylamide (FC-PAM) in aqueous solutionswas evaluated by rheological means and fluorescence spectroscopy and was found to be strong regardless of the surfactant'snature. Two representative surfactants, anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonionic Triton X-100, were used. The origin of the interaction and its dependence on the surfactant concentration were discussed.     

IN AQUA SYNTHESIS OF A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ARYLETHYNYLENE POLYMER EXHIBITING REVERSIBLE HYDROGEL PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

A high molecular weight poly(aryleneethynylene) (M_w ～ 60,000) is prepared by the palladium catalyzed copolymerization of 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid and acetylene gas in a basic aqueous medium. The polymer has a “zig-zag”, fully conjugated backbone. The polymer has been characterized by a variety of methods and exhibits high thermal stability. Furthermore, the polymer is readily soluble in aqueous base and is reversibly switchable from the solution state to a hydrogel state, in water, by changing the pH of the solvent.     

水及有机溶剂中离子溶剂化焓的理论计算

离子溶剂化热力学的理论研究是一项令人感兴趣的工作.在Born理论的基础上人们先后提出了多种较详细的计算离子溶剂化热力学量的模型或公式,并对离子在不同溶剂中的溶剂化自由能进行了理论计算.本文从离子-溶剂间的相互作用力出发,分别考虑了离子溶剂化过程中造腔作用、静电吸引、静电排斥及非静电相互作用对离子溶剂化焓的贡献,得到了一个具有一定意义的、计算离子溶剂化焓的理论公式。     

氯苯类化合物在盐水溶液中的活度系数

在25.00±0.01 ℃下用紫外、可见分光光度法分别测定了氯苯(CB)、m-二氯苯(mDCB)、p-二氯苯(pDCB)、1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)在NaCl、KCl、Na_2CO_3、K_2SO_4、CaCl_2盐水溶液及氯苯在Et_4NBr水溶液中的话度系数, 得出盐效应常数. 除Et_4NBr对氯苯呈盐溶作用, 其余均为盐析作用. 盐析次序大致为K_2SO_4>Na_2CO_3>CaCl_2>NaCl>KCl. 计算了盐效应常数的各种理论值, 与实验值进行比较, 进一步证实了改进后的内压力理论值更接近实际. 同时也讨论了这些数据在环保中的应用.     

疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的合成及溶液性能研究

水溶性疏水缔合聚合物是在聚合物亲水主链上引入极少量疏水基团(一般小于2ｍｏｌ%)而形成的一种新型水溶性聚合物[1]。由于这类聚合物具有独特的流变性能,因而备受学术界和工业界关注。目前已作为涂料增稠剂[2]和流变改性剂[3]得到了应用,而通过在部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＰＡＭ)的亲水主链上引入少量疏水单体而形成的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺(ＨＡＰＡＭ)则可望克服ＨＰＡＭ耐温、耐盐性差的缺陷[4]而作为新一代水溶性聚合物材料用于油气开采作业[5,6]。由于亲水单体和疏水单体的不相容性,通常通过在反应溶液中加入表面活性剂使亲水单体和疏水单体…     

离子键交联的聚两性电解质凝胶在不同pH和不同电解质溶液中溶胀行为研究

以丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯(DEAM)形成的离子复合物与丙烯酰胺(AAm)共聚,合成了一种新型的离子键交联的聚两性电解质凝胶(PADA).由于分子之间的氢键作用,PADA凝胶并不是在A/C(负正离子单体摩尔比)为1,而是在A/C为1.55处有最大消溶胀.与共价键交联的聚两性电解质凝胶相比,PADA凝胶的溶胀行为具有更强的pH敏感性.PADA凝胶在不同pH缓冲溶液中的溶胀行为表明,在pH 3~4之间消溶胀程度最大.在偏离该pH区域时凝胶均发生溶胀.但凝胶的溶胀程度在pH<3的酸性溶液中随A/C的增加而降低;而在pH>4的偏碱性溶液中随其增加而增加.在不同价数的离子溶液中,离子浓度对于PADA凝胶的平衡溶胀有着不同的影响.对于一价的NaCl溶液,PADA凝胶有典型的反聚电解质效应.但对于高价的CaCl2和柠檬酸三钠溶液,只在较低的浓度下,才表现出反聚电解质效应.而在较高盐浓度时,随盐浓度的增加其溶胀比反而降低.这可能与高价离子形成的离子键交联有关.与pH对PADA凝胶溶胀程度的影响相似,在CaCl2溶液中,PADA凝胶的溶胀程度随A/C的增加而降低;而在柠檬酸三钠溶液中则刚好相反.这种独特的溶胀行为似乎与高价离子电荷的正负性有关.     

温度敏感聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基辛基溴化铵)水凝胶的溶胀性能研究

由于改变亲水／疏水单体比值、与离子单体共聚心、改变凝胶内部结构等均可不同程度地调整温敏水凝胶的溶胀性能,本研究选择一种既含疏水烷基又含季铵盐正离子型亲水基团的两亲性单体——甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基辛基溴化铵（ADMOAB）,结构如示意图1所示．与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAM）聚合,制备了P（NIPAM-co-ADMOAB）共聚水凝胶,以便在引入离子型结构单元的同时,改变凝胶体系中亲水／疏水单体比值,避免单纯增加疏水单体引起的水凝胶溶胀性降低问题,并考察了ADMOAB对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响,对该类水凝胶迄今鲜见相关文献报道．该研究对进一步了解水凝胶的构效关系、探索有效控制溶胀性能的途径具有积极意义．     

EQUILIBRIUM SWELLING PROPERTIES OF LIGHTLY CROSSLINKED ISOTROPIC NETWORKS: NATURAL RUBBER CROSSLINKED IN DRY STATE

Lightly crosslinked natural rubber (NR) networks have been characterized by equilibrium swelling in toluene. A good agreement between the equilibrium swelling crosslink-junction densities (μ_E) and the values expected from the stoichiometry of dicumyl peroxide decomposition (μ_c) has been obtained using Flory's early equation of state. The applicable value of χ = 0.37 was found to compare equally well and is in tandem with the previously reported literature values of χ = 0.391 and χ = 0.35 from swelling and heat of mixing measurements, respectively.

At low crosslink-junction densities i.e., μ_E ≤ 4.2 mM.l^?1 corresponding on average to 4 crosslink-junctions per cis 1,4-poly-isoprene chain and below, network formation is found to be incomplete. The approach used also provides a simple way of differentiating lightly crosslinked networks from the state of gelation.     

萘在1-1价小离子盐水溶液中活度系数的研究(V)

本文用紫外分光光度法测定了25 ℃下萘在LiBr、NaBr,KBr、NH_4Cl、NaF及KF盐水溶液中的活度系数f。将萘的lgf分别对六种盐的浓度c_S作图, 得到通过原点的直线, 符合Setschenow盐析公式, 直线斜率就是盐析常数k。本文还计算了萘在盐水溶液中盐析常数的各种理论值, 并对各种理论值进行对比, Debye-MacAulay理论和McDevit-Long公式的计算值都较实验值大2—3倍。Conway等人理论的计算k值对不同盐差别很小, 而实验值彼此之间的差别却很大。对体积大的非电解质, 色散力对盐析常数的影响不可忽略。本文对Bockris公式进行修正, 计算结果表明, 它能较正确地指出盐效应的次序及盐析常数的符号。内压力理论改进公式的计算结果不仅能预言盐析常数的符号, 也能指出盐析常数大小的顺序, 理论值与实经值符合较好。