含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子(英文)

为了研究外加偏压光伏光折变晶体中的空间灰孤子,建立了含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子的演化方程,给出了灰孤子解.采用数值模拟的方法,求解灰孤子的数值表达式,得到了不同参量取值下的灰孤子包络.数值结果表明:当分压电阻、晶体的外加电场和光伏场取不同值时,可以分别得到有无分压电阻的屏蔽灰孤子;开路的光伏灰孤子,有、无分压电阻的闭路光伏灰孤子;有、无分压电阻的屏蔽光伏灰孤子.     

含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子

为了研究外加偏压光伏光折变晶体中的空间灰孤子,建立了含分压电阻的光折变屏蔽光伏空间灰孤子的演化方程,给出了灰孤子解.采用数值模拟的方法,求解灰孤子的数值表达式,得到了不同参量取值下的灰孤子包络.数值结果表明：当分压电阻、晶体的外加电场和光伏场取不同值时,可以分别得到有无分压电阻的屏蔽灰孤子|开路的光伏灰孤子,有、无分压电阻的闭路光伏灰孤子|有、无分压电阻的屏蔽光伏灰孤子.     

高阶孤子在光纤中传输的数值研究

通过数值求解非线性薛定谔方程,得到了二阶和三阶孤子的传输特性,并和一阶孤子做了比较.对于二阶孤子和三阶孤子间的相互作用做了分析,讨论了三阶色散对高阶孤子相互作用的影响,得出随着三阶色散的增大,会使孤子的衰变具有新的特性,将会导致光孤子通信的误码率加大.     

强非局域介质中基于古依相位的旋转涡旋光孤子

利用强非局域非线性介质中傍轴光束传输的修正Snyder-Mitchell模型讨论了两束共线(即光束中心和传输方向都相同)拉盖尔-高斯型光孤子(CLGS)构成的涡旋光孤子传输过程。在一定条件下,涡旋光束在传输过程中,光束截面光斑发生旋转现象,但光束的束宽保持不变,称之为旋转涡旋光孤子。涡旋光孤子旋转的现象可以通过叠加光场中的古依相位来解释。结果展现了几个旋转涡旋光孤子在传输过程中的旋转现象和强非局域介质中多环形旋转涡旋光孤子的传输。     

Steady-State Spatial Solitons in Low-Amplitude Regime in Biased Photorefractive-Photovoltaic Crystals

A theory of the space-charge field is improved in biased photorefractive-phorovoltaic crystals. Steady-state spatial solitons are obtained in the low-amplitude regime in biased photorefractive-photovoltaic crystals. When photovoltaic effect is neglected, these solitons are screening solitons, and their space-charge field is the space-charge field of screening solitons. When the external field is absent, these solitons are photovoltaic solitons for the closed or the open circuit and we also predict that gray solitons exist in photorefractive-photovoltaic crystals, and their space-charge field is the space-charge field of photovoltaic solitons.     

Compression of Bright Bound Solitons in the Bose-Einstein Condensates with Exponentially Time-Dependent Atomic Scattering Length by the Feshbach Resonance

We investigate compression of the bright bound solitons in the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by exponentially increasing the absolute value of the atomic scattering length. Similarity transformation and Hirota bilinear method are used to symbolically solve the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the time-dependent coefficients. We present types of the bright bound solitons in compression through manipulating their initial coherence. Results show that the improved quantity of the atomic density peaks can be observed before the collapse of the solitons when their coherence is increased. Furthermore, we discuss how those compressed bound solitons are influenced by the adjacent solitons. The bound structures in our study are illustrated to exist with the parameters within the current experimental capacity (the spatial and temporal ranges of the bound solitons are less than 56 μm and 50 ms in our investigation), which suggests a future observation in the BECs experiments.     

Ball solitons in kinetics of the first-order magnetic phase transition

The theory of magnetic ball solitons (BS) arising as a result of the energy fluctuations, at the spin–flop transition induced by a magnetic field in antiferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy, is presented. Such solitons are possible in a wide range of amplitudes and energies, including the negative energy relative to an initial condition. When such antiferromagnet is in a metastable condition, ball solitons are born with the greatest probability if the energy of solitons is close to zero. Evolution of these solitons, at which they develop into macroscopic domains of a new magnetic phase, is analyzed, thus, carrying out full phase reorganization.     

Steady-State Spatial Solitons in Low-Amplitude Regime in Biased Photorefractive-Photovoltaic Crystals

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Spectral incoherent solitons: a localized soliton behavior in the frequency domain

We show both theoretically and experimentally in an optical fiber system that a noninstantaneous nonlinear environment supports the existence of spectral incoherent solitons. Contrary to conventional solitons, spectral incoherent solitons do not exhibit a confinement in the spatiotemporal domain, but exclusively in the frequency domain. The theory reveals that the causality condition inherent to the nonlinear response function is the key property underlying the existence of spectral incoherent solitons. These solitons constitute nonequilibrium stable states of the incoherent field and are shown to be robust with respect to binary collisions.     

Vortex solitons in the semi-infinite gap of optically induced periodic lattices

Vortex solitons with a ring vortex core residing in a single lattice site in the semi-infinite gap of square optical lattices are reported. These solitons are no longer bound states of the Bloch-wave unit (Bloch-wave distribution in one lattice site) at the band edge of the periodic lattice, and consequently they do not bifurcate from the corresponding band edge. For saturable nonlinearity, one family of such solitons is found, and its existing curve forms a closed loop, which is very surprising. For Kerr nonlinearity, two families of such vortex solitons are found.     

温度对中心对称光折变稳态暗孤子演化的影响

为了得到温度对中心对称光折变晶体中空间暗孤子影响的结果,数值研究了中心对称光折变暗孤子动态演化的温度特性。结果表明,孤子强度包络演化强烈地依赖于晶体的温度和介电常数的温度特性。在290-320K的温度变化范围内,暗孤子的宽度随温度的增加而变大,孤子的峰值强度随温度的增加而变小。在300K的温度下,中心对称光折变介质中可以形成稳定的暗空间孤子,当温度从300K升高或降低时,孤子将克服较小的扰动而保持稳定的传播。通过调整温度可以改变孤子的空间形态。     

Gap solitons in waveguide arrays

Bright and dark spatial gap solitons are demonstrated in waveguide arrays. These gap solitons travel across the array at zero transverse velocity, in complete analogy with stationary (immobile) temporal gap solitons. Furthermore, the launching configuration for observing these stationary gap solitons is shown to be the analog of an "ideal experiment" for observing stationary temporal gap solitons, never observed so far. A clear distinction is established between the family of Floquet-Bloch solitons in general and discrete solitons in particular, and the limiting case of gap solitons.     

中心对称双光子光折变低振幅灰孤子时间特性

为了得到中心对称双光子光折变晶体中低振幅灰空间孤子时间特性的结果,基于中心对称光折变晶体中双光子光折变效应的理论模型,推导出了含时间参量的空间电荷场和光波动态演化方程.采用数值方法,得到了低振幅灰孤子强度包络和强度半峰全宽的时间演化特性.结果表明:初始阶段形成宽度较宽的孤子,其宽度随时间单调递减到一个最小值直至稳态孤子的形成;在相同的演化时间内,孤子半峰全宽随着孤子峰值强度与暗辐射比值的增大而变小.研究了不同时间下低振幅灰孤子动态演化特性.     

Bright-dark self-coupled vector spatial solitons in biased two-photon photovoltaic photorefractive crystals

This paper predicts that bright-dark self-coupled vector solitons are possible in biased two-photon photovoltaic photorefractive crystals under steady-state conditions. The solutions of these vector solitons can be determined by use of simple numerical integration procedures. When the photovoltaic effect is neglectable, these vector solitons are bright-dark vector screening solitons. When the external bias field is absent, these vector solitons degenerate the bright-dark vector photovoltaic solitons.     

Temperature effect on the evolution and stability of rigid screening spatial soliton in biased photorefractive crystal

Based on the temperature dependence of two-wave mixing, temperature effects on the dynamical evolution and stability of rigid screening (RS) bright solitons in a photorefractive dissipative system based on two-wave mixing have been investigated numerically. Our results indicate that the stability of bright RS solitons depends strongly on the crystal temperature. The RS solitons are stable to small temperature perturbations. They will not evolve into stable rigid screening solitons, however, and their intensity and width vary with the propagation distance if the temperature deviation is large enough. The potential applications of the temperature properties of these RS solitons in optical attenuators or repeaters are discussed.     

强双折射光纤中暗孤子的传输特性研究

从光纤双折射参量、背景光宽度、孤子脉冲宽度三方面探讨暗孤子在双折射光纤中远距离传输特性研究表明:相对于亮孤子,暗孤子对光纤双折射的自适应能力较弱;背景光宽度越大,暗脉冲与背景光对比度越好,暗孤子越能保持原来黑孤子状态;暗孤子脉冲宽度越大,偏振脉冲之间的差分群时延越大,诱导的灰孤子震荡结构越明显,越不利于暗孤子远距离传输.     

Interactions between two-dimensional solitons in the diffractive-diffusive Ginzburg-Landau equation with the cubic-quintic nonlinearity

We report the results of systematic numerical analysis of collisions between two and three stable dissipative solitons in the two-dimensional (2D) complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) with the cubic-quintic (CQ) combination of gain and loss terms. The equation may be realized as a model of a laser cavity which includes the spatial diffraction, together with the anomalous group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and spectral filtering acting in the temporal direction. Collisions between solitons are possible due to the Galilean invariance along the spatial axis. Outcomes of the collisions are identified by varying the GVD coefficient, β, and the collision “velocity” (actually, it is the spatial slope of the soliton’s trajectory). At small velocities, two or three in-phase solitons merge into a single standing one. At larger velocities, both in-phase soliton pairs and pairs of solitons with opposite signs suffer a transition into a delocalized chaotic state. At still larger velocities, all collisions become quasi-elastic. A new outcome is revealed by collisions between slow solitons with opposite signs: they self-trap into persistent wobbling dipoles, which are found in two modifications — horizontal at smaller β, and vertical if β is larger (the horizontal ones resemble “zigzag” bound states of two solitons known in the 1D CGL equation of the CQ type). Collisions between solitons with a finite mismatch between their trajectories are studied too.     

Coherent interactions of multi bright spatial solitons in biased photorefractive crystals

The coherent interaction scenarios of two solitons, three solitons, and four solitons are presented. For two-soliton interactions, energy transfer and fusion between solitons are dependent on the relative phase of the interaction solitons, and for multi-soliton interactions, energy transfer will occur in all three relative phase conditions. The magnitude and direction of energy transfer can be controlled respectively by adjusting the interval and the relative phase of solitons.     

Compression of bright bound soliton trains in the Bose-Einstein condensates with exponentially time-dependent atomic scattering length in an expulsive parabolic potential

Three types of two bright bound solitons with increasing coherence are investigated in the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with the exponentially time-dependent interparticle interaction in an expulsive parabolic potential. Two methods are provided with symbolic computation to improve the number of matter density peaks within the given temporal range before the collapse of the solitons under the one-dimensional approximation: (i) enhancing the axial harmonic oscillator frequency; (ii) increasing the initial coherence of the bound solitons. Compression of the three- and four-bright-bound-soliton trains is presented. Estimation of the net binding forces among the bound solitons gives an explanation for the interaction patterns if the coherence of the bound state is limited. Our investigation theoretically reveals the existence of the bright bound solitons in the BECs and analyzes their complex interactions.     

双光子光折变晶体中两分量矢量空间孤子(英文)

为了研究外加偏压双光子光折变晶体中的矢量空间孤子,建立了矢量空间孤子的动态演化方程,给出了矢量空间孤子数值解.采用数值模拟的方法,求解矢量空间孤子的数值表达式,理论预言了稳态条件下亮-亮、暗-暗自耦合矢量空间孤子的存在;同时,数值求解演化方程,分析了亮-亮自耦合矢量空间孤子的演化特性.数值结果表明,无论两孤子分量的强度近似相等还是有较大差别,这些自耦合矢量空间孤子都可以由数值积分程序给出.亮-亮、暗-暗自耦合矢量空间孤子在双光子光折变晶体中稳定存在.