Tunable quasi-phase-matched optical parametric generator by translating a segmented crystal

A simple way to realize a fast tunable quasi-phase-matched optical parametric generation without crystal rotation, temperature changing or multi-grating periodically poled crystal translation is presented. The key is to translate a segmented crystal which is stacked by a lithium niobate crystal with three teeth and a single grating periodically poled crystal. The signal wavelength is tunable near 1.55 μm with the signal power of 90 mW.     

石英晶振的储能特性

针对微弱环境能量难以直接快速存储的问题, 采用石英晶振作为储能元件设计了一种高效储能瞬放电路. 石英晶振的高品质因数特性使其能在较小的输入电压下产生剧烈的机械振动, 从而将微弱的电能转换成机械能存储在石英晶振中. 通过对石英晶振的储能原理与能量释放特性进行理论分析, 推导出石英晶振充放电过程中输出电压与时间的关系式, 以及石英晶振释放能量时最大瞬时输出功率与负载的关系式. 并对石英晶振的储能特性进行了实验验证. 结果表明: 实验与理论相符, 且在输入电压幅值为100 mV, 谐振频率f=1 MHz石英晶振的条件下, 石英晶振的储能效率可以达到77%, 能量释放效率为71.4%.     

Control of the transmission spectrum of a photonic crystal with lattice defects

The transmission spectrum of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with structural defects is investigated. An anisotropic layer of a nematic liquid crystal is considered as a defect. The possibility of effective external control of the transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal by changing either the orientational state of the defect liquid crystal layer (for example, using an electric field) or the angle of incidence of light is shown. It is established that the spectral properties of the photonic crystal change radically with a change in the optical characteristics of the defect layer in the vicinity of the temperature phase transition of the nematic liquid crystal to the isotropic state.     

相场晶体法模拟过冷熔体中的晶体生长

利用相场晶体(phase-field crystal)模型,采用有限差分法,模拟了过冷熔体中晶体生长过程,研究了不同相区、不同过冷度对晶体生长过程的影响.结果表明,在共存区中,随着演化的进行,晶体生长被抑制,液-晶边界层逐渐变厚;在单相区中,随着过冷度的增大,晶态区面积显著增加,液-晶边界层逐渐变薄.晶体生长速度和过冷度成近似线性的关系. 关键词： 相场晶体 自由能函数 过冷熔体 晶体生长     

十二重准晶中的方向缺陷

采用多重散射的方法研究了十二重准晶中的缺陷模,发现在十二重准晶中存在方向缺陷,且当缺陷组合围绕对称中心旋转时,在保持原有缺陷模的基础上,出现了新的缺陷模. 关键词： 准晶 缺陷 带隙     

单轴应力对一维镜像光子晶体光子局域态透射峰的影响

利用传输矩阵法研究了镜像异质三周期一维光子晶体中的光子局域态随单轴应力发生变化的特性. 对于镜像异质三周期光子晶体, 由于其镜像结构, 破坏了光子晶体的有序性, 产生了一个缺陷态, 使其在较宽的光子禁带中心有一个光子局域态透射峰. 研究表明: 当对镜像异质三周期光子晶体施加单轴应力时, 其中的光子局域态透射峰会随着应力的改变而发生剧烈的变化. 当外部微弱的机械应力施加到光子晶体上时, 对光子晶体形成一个拉伸应变, 拉伸应变引起光子晶体结构的变化, 进而大幅度影响光子局域态透射峰的透射率.结果表明: 透射峰的透射率明显受单轴应力的影响. 这些特性可为用此结构的光子晶体设计超高灵敏度压力传感器提供理论参考. 关键词： 光子晶体 单轴应力 光子局域态 传输矩阵     

等轴晶在过热溶液落管中的下落熔化特性研究

研究了NH4Cl等轴晶在过热NH4Cl-70 wt％H2O溶液落管内熔化中的形貌演化过程,并分析了溶液过热度及等轴晶初始尺寸对其下落速度和熔化速率的影响规律和机理.结果表明:等轴晶在过热溶液中下落时,若不发生旋转,其形貌由准轴对称形貌演变成非轴对称准三角形貌;若发生旋转,则有助于保持其准轴对称形貌.通过分析不同条件下等轴晶下落时的阻力系数,认为提高溶液过热度可获得更为光顺的等轴晶外形,增大其下落速度.等轴晶初始尺寸越大,其形貌复杂性提升及下落速度增大,会导致熔化速率加快.在等轴晶下落熔化的过程中,逐渐减小的下落速度减弱了界面前沿对流传质条件,使得单个等轴晶的熔化速率基本保持恒定.     

Dynamical chaos and stochastic mechanism of high-energy negatively charged particle deflection by bent crystals

Deflection of high-energy negatively charged particles in straight and bent crystals through multiple scattering by crystal atomic strings was considered for the case in which the initial angle between the particle momentum and one of the main crystallographic axes was approximately four critical angles of axial channeling. It was shown that in a bent crystal with a small crystal thickness, when the crystal bend was less than the beam incidence angle, the beam deflected in the direction opposite to the direction of the crystal bend. At larger crystal thicknesses, the large part of the beam starts to deflect in the direction of the crystal bend. In addition, there is a group of particles that follow the crystal axis bend in the angular region of approximately the critical angle of axial channeling with respect to the current direction of the crystal axis. It was shown that in all of these deflection processes, the periodicity of the location of atomic strings in the crystal does not influence the angular distributions of scattered particles. This fact is connected with the effect of dynamical chaos in particle motion in the periodical field of bent crystal atomic strings. It was also shown that observed in a recent CERN experiment effect of beam deflection, when the angle between the initial particle momentum and the crystal axis was approximately four critical angles of axial channeling, is due to peculiarities of the stochastic multiple scattering of particles by bent crystal atomic strings. These peculiarities are connected with the effect of dynamical chaos in particle motion in crystals.     

Asymmetric light propagation based on semi-circular photonic crystals

A new structure based on a semi-circular photonic crystal is proposed to achieve asymmetric light propagation. The semi-circular photonic crystal structure proposed in this paper is a deformation of a two-dimensional conventional square photonic crystal. Through the directional bandgap of the semi-circular photonic crystal, the light from one direction can transfer to the other side, but the light from the opposite direction cannot. A high contrast ratio is obtained by designing the constitutive parameters of the photonic crystal and choosing the suitable light frequency. This structure promises a significant potential in optical integration and other areas.     

Laser ranging based on electro-optic switch

Based on electro-optic switch effect in crystal, a novel laser ranging method is proposed. CW-laser emitted by laser transmitter propagates forward to the measured target, after being reflected by the target, and then goes back to the transmitter. Close to the transmitter, a special mono-block LiNbO₃ crystal is added into the round-trip light beams. High-voltage pulses with the sharp enough changes in rising edges are loaded on the crystal. Based on electro-optic effect, double refraction and internal double reflection effect in crystal, the crystal cuts off the round-trip light beams, and reflects a light pulse cut out by the crystal to a detector aside from the original beam path. The pulse width T is the period that laser propagates forward and back between the crystal and the target. The feasibility of the new idea is proved by our experiments and a brand-new way for the laser ranging is provided.     

Automatic crystal centring procedure at the SSRF macromolecular crystallography beamline

X‐ray diffraction is a common technique for determining crystal structures. The average time needed for the solution of a protein structure has been drastically reduced by a number of recent experimental and theoretical developments. Since high‐throughput protein crystallography benefits from full automation of all steps that are carried out on a synchrotron beamline, an automatic crystal centring procedure is important for crystallographic beamlines. Fully automatic crystal alignment involves the application of optical methods to identify the crystal and move it onto the rotation axis and into the X‐ray beam. Crystal recognition has complex dependencies on the illumination, crystal size and viewing angles due to effects such as local shading, inter‐reflections and the presence of antifreezing elements. Here, a rapid procedure for crystal centring with multiple cameras using region segment thresholding is reported. Firstly, a simple illumination‐invariant loop recognition and classification model is used by slicing a low‐magnification loop image into small region segments, then classifying the loop into different types and aligning it to the beam position using feature vectors of the region segments. Secondly, an edge detection algorithm is used to find the crystal sample in a high‐magnification image using region segment thresholding. Results show that this crystal centring method is extremely successful under fluctuating light states as well as for poorly frozen and opaque samples. Moreover, this crystal centring procedure is successfully integrated into the enhanced Blu‐Ice data collection system at beamline BL17U1 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility as a routine method for an automatic crystal screening procedure.     

复指数矩阵法研究螺旋液晶光学传播特性

提出一种研究螺旋液晶光学特性的数学处理方法.螺旋型液晶可当作N层双折射材料晶片叠合而成,而相邻晶片的光轴依次旋转一个小角度.在光学转换矩阵中引入复数来研究螺旋型液晶光学性能,给出了相关的数学处理方法.研究了线性偏振光在螺旋液晶中的传播特性,并给出了光经过螺旋液晶后电场强度的矩阵表达式.研究发现,如果入射光波长等于螺旋液晶螺距,线偏振光经过右螺旋液晶后是左旋圆偏振光.理论上分析了螺旋液晶对可见光选择性反射机理.     

Heterogeneous growth of KDP/KT crystal

The growth of heterogeneous crystal has aroused a great deal of interest in recent years. In this study, KH_2PO_4(KDP)/KTaO_3(KT) heterogeneous crystal is acquired based on the KT substrate. Here, we report the observation of the oriented layer-by-layer structure in KDP/KT composite crystal by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The structure of KDP/KT composite crystal is accurately identified by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) for the first time and we find that the KT crystals dope into KDP crystal in the growth process with the mode of doping. It can be obtained from the analysis of crystal structure that the structure difference leads to the doping growth mode. Our research demonstrates a facile method to fabricate a composite nonlinear optical crystal based on KDP/KT heterostructure, and might shed light on potential applications of the composite nonlinear optical crystal.     

微重力下溶液法晶体生长模型中晶体生长界面稳定性的研究

研究在微重力条件下溶液法晶体生长的一个二维数学模型中晶体生长界面的稳定性问题.对晶体生长界面为不同倾斜角度的平面的情况作了数值计算,计算结果表明有可能存在一个稳定的晶体生长界面,它应该是一个在Y=λ这一端向后倾的适当形状的曲面 关键词： 微重力 溶液法晶体生长 二维模型 生长界面的稳定性     

一种变曲率面晶体X射线检测技术

在惯性约束聚变光谱诊断物理实验研究中,晶体衍射后X射线光谱信号较弱,需要高收光效率及宽频谱范围的光谱诊断仪器.在传统锥面弯曲晶体基础上提出变曲率弯晶多能点成像技术,该技术具有宽频谱范围、强聚焦能力、高光谱分辨的特点.在晶体衍射成像结构设计中,由于能够确保成像光线的旋转对称性,因此在原理上可消除传统弯晶X射线衍射成像像差.利用研制的变曲率面石英晶体对钛靶X射线源进行X射线聚焦检测,并与同种材料的平面晶体进行收光效率对比,实验结果表明该变曲率面石英晶体的收光效率可以达到平面石英晶体的100倍,检测X射线能量范围为4.51~5.14keV.该晶体谱仪结合X射线条纹相机能够检测宽频谱范围的微弱X射线信号,条纹相机探测面可与晶体检测光路方向垂直布局.     

Floquet-bloch waves in bound one-dimensional photonic crystals

Floquet-Bloch waves in a bound one-dimensional photonic crystal are considered. It is shown that a single Floquet-Bloch wave can be excited in a one-dimensional photonic crystal located between two homogeneous media. An exact solution of the wave equation corresponding to this case is represented in the form of a set of heterogeneous waves. For the case of incidence of the plane wave from a homogeneous medium on a bounded one-dimensional photonic crystal, the functions for the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained based on the exact solution of the wave equation. It is shown that the transmission function for the one-dimensional photonic crystal has a form similar to that for the traditional Fabri-Perot interferometer and is determined by the interference of the Floquet-Bloch waves excited in the crystal. The evolution of the amplitude profile of the decaying Floquet-Bloch waves and the reflection spectrum of the bounded one-dimensional photonic crystal are considered in the first-order forbidden band.     

矩形孔光子晶体光纤

采用全矢量有限元方法和完美匹配层条件,研究了一种在光纤包层中引入矩形孔的光子晶体光纤,提出一种实现高双折射光子晶体光纤的方法.模拟结果表明矩形孔光子晶体光纤具有椭圆孔光子晶体光纤类似的高双折射特性,其双折射高达0.01的量级,两种光子晶体光纤的模场、双折射、约束损耗等特性基本类似.     

The mass transfer process and the growth rate of NaCl crystal growth by evaporation based on temporal phase evaluation

The mass transfer process and the crystal growth rate have been proved to be very important in the study of crystal growth kinetics, which influence the crystal quality and morphological stability. In this paper, a new method based on temporal phase evaluation was presented to characterize the mass transfer process in situ and determine the crystal growth rate. The crystallization process of NaCl crystal growth by evaporation was monitored in situ by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the absolute concentration evolution, the evaporation rate and the real-time supersaturation of solution were obtained using temporal phase analysis, which acted as a novel technique to extract phase variation along time axis recently. Based on the evaporation rate and the absolution concentration, a new method to calculate mass transfer flux during the crystal growth without the knowledge of the mass transfer coefficient was proposed, and then the crystal growth rate could also be retrieved under the hypothesis of cubic crystals. The results show that the crystal growth rate increases with the supersaturation linearly. It is in agreement with the diffusion theories, which presume that matter is deposited continuously on a crystal face at a rate proportional to the difference in concentration between the points of deposition and the bulk of solution. The method is applicable to the research of crystallization process based on evaporation or vapor diffusion of which the precise conditions of nucleation and supersaturation are usually unknown because of the complexity of the evaporation rate and crystal growth rate.     

多系双局域态光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

利用紧束缚方法分析了双局域态光子晶体产生双缺陷模的机理, 采用传输矩阵法研究了一维光子晶体的光学传输特性, 并得到了透射谱与晶体结构参数的关系, 在此基础上讨论了光子晶体在受到单轴应力时所表现出的介观压光效应, 据此设计了一种结构简单的应力调制的近红外波段的多通道滤波结构.通过数值模拟可以看出, 随着各介质层折射率或厚度的增加, 缺陷模发生红移.当对多系双局域态光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力时, 各缺陷峰都向长波长移动, 且缺陷峰峰值基本不变.经过数值拟合, 缺陷峰中心波长与对光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力所产生的应变呈线性关系.该滤波器结构简单、可调谐性好, 在一系列精巧的光子晶体激光器、波分复用器或者其他精密仪器的制造中有一定的应用价值.     

Evolution of the formation and growth of a cavity in pentagonal crystals of electrolytic origin

The experimentally observed formation and evolution of a cavity in a pentagonal crystal grown to a particular size during electrocrystallization of copper are justified theoretically. A channel of relaxation of elastic stresses associated with the formation of a disclination-type defect is revealed, and the subsequent transformation of a pentagonal crystal with a cavity into a single crystal is described. The growing pentagonal crystal is considered an open thermodynamic system in which the formation of a cavity is adequately described within the linear approximation of the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes.