Critical current behavior of superconducting granular NbN films

The temperature dependence of the critical current I_c(T) below the paracoherent-coherent phase transition T_cj in granular NbN films of high sheet resistance has been measured. Current-voltage (I–V) determinations of I_c revealed two distinctive temperature regions. Above T1, (T1≈ 0.6T_cj), nonlinear, but continuous I–V curves were obtained for I>I_c. Below T1, the voltage discontinously jumped to a finite value at I_c and then increased linearly with current. At T1, a sudden increase in I_c is observed. Small magnetic fields (< 1 mT) suppressed the excess critical current but fields up to 40 mT had minimal further effect. Data suggest that T1 is a characteristic onset temperature associated with an additional ordering in the samples.     

Critical current in superconducting quantum point contacts

The quantization of the critical current I _c in a quantum point contact is studied on varying the number of free channels (varying the constriction width d ₀ in 2DEG). It is shown that the shape of the quantum I _c is not universal and depends on the parameters of the contact, in particular, on the properties of the 2DEG-S boundaries. Because of the effect of normal reflection from the S-2DEG boundaries, the quantum critical current nonmonotonically depends on d ₀ and may have a resonance structure. If E _F coincides with a quasi-stationary level of the square potential well formed by the contact walls, the critical current has a local maximum (resonance) equal (in the first channel) to the ratio of the electron charge to its time of travel through the contact. The critical current at the maximum is determined by the lowest positive Andreev level (for the phase difference π).     

Critical field for complete vortex expulsion from narrow superconducting strips

We have measured the maximum field for which vortices are completely expelled from a thin-film superconducting strip. Niobium strips of width W were field cooled and imaged with a scanning Hall-probe microscope. Below a critical field B(m) approximately Phi(0)/W(2) all flux was expelled; above this field vortices were observed with a density increasing approximately linearly with field. The small value of the critical field, which is orders of magnitude less than in the bulk, implies that superconducting devices should be designed with narrow wires to eliminate the generation of noise from vortex motion.     

Critical current in silver clad Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting wires

Silver clad wires of highT _c superconductor Y₁Ba₂Cu₃O_7−x have been fabricated through the powder metallurgy technique. The reacted wires show a midpointT _c of 84K. A critical current density of 26·4 A cm⁻² (77K, 0T) is obtained in these wires. The wires, however, turn complete normal only at a current density of 280 A cm⁻². The reasons for low critical current density obtained in these wires are discussed.     

超导装置电流引线的研究进展

电流引线是连接室温端电源和低温端超导装置的重要部件,也是超导装置热损耗的主要热源之一。选择合适的电流引线形式,并进行引线结构优化设计,可以提高超导装置的可靠性和经济性。概述了电流引线的优化设计目标和分类形式,介绍了全金属电流引线、高温超导电流引线和珀尔帖电流引线的研究进展,分析比较了三类电流引线的工作特点和适用场景,可为超导装置的电流引线选型和优化设计提供参考。     

Critical current measurement in superconducting rings using an automatic inductive technique

A measurement technique was developed to identify the critical current of superconducting rings. It is based on the detection of the voltage on a secondary coil when the current induced in the superconductor by a primary one go beyond to the critical value. The technique uses a DC power supply to control the AC current circulating by the primary circuit. Such circuit mainly consists on an AC power supply which gives a constant AC voltage, a primary inducting coil and a control coil with iron core. The AC current circulating by this circuit is modified with the change in the impedance of the control coil due to the fact of the DC current supplied by the power supply in parallel with it.     

AC power loss for superconducting strips of arbitrary thickness carrying a transport current

The magnetic field and current distributions are computed numerically for a superconducting strip in the critical state with infinite length, but finite thickness and width. The width to thickness ratio is varied from 1 to 100, covering the range from square bars to thick films. For large aspect ratios (>10) the current and field distributions differ significantly from the 2D solution, because the Norris solution does not take into account (and thus does not shield) the transverse field parallel to the strip. Power loss exponents are calculated and found to vary from roughly 3 in a square bar to 4 in a highly aspected thin strip. In particular in the thin strip case the power loss exponents are current dependent due to the contribution of the loss caused by the transverse magnetic field. The loss in a multifilamentary conductor (or cable) is also estimated, taking into account the loss in the filaments. It is found that the overall loss (without coupling) is enhanced by a factor 1+1/n, where n is the number of filaments.     

超导磁体气冷电流引线优化设计

提出了一种较为准确的计算超导磁体气冷电流引线最优长横比与电流引线末端流向低温容器热量的方法。根据电流引线的热平衡方程,利用程序设计,采用反复迭代、逐步逼近的方法,并以无氧铜材料为例,计算了10kA电流引线的长横比与流入低温容器的最小漏热。     

一种电流引线的热力学计算方法

从超导磁体气冷电流引线的热平衡方程出发,对电流引线进行分段,提出了一种较为精确计算电流引线长横比及由电流引线末端流入低温容器热量的计算方法;电流引线中氦气流阻是设计电流引线时一个很重要的参数,由于电流引线片形状很复杂,计算其中氦气流阻比较好的方法是采用CFD软件Fluent。氦气模型单元数很庞大,因此对氦气模型进行了简化和分段,相邻两段模型间采用流量和压力边界条件进行耦合。     

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用有限元软件Fluent对EAST超导磁体电流引线中氦气流阻进行了计算。计算中对氦气模型进行了简化和分段,相邻两段模型间采用流量边界条件和压力边界条件进行耦合。计算结果表明:氦气的压力降主要集中在靠近室温端;气体模型厚度越薄,氦气压力降越大;通过电流引线的电流越大,氦气的压力降越大;在引线片凸纹的狭窄处氦气速度很大,在靠近室温端时最大可以达到21m.s-1左右。     

高温超导电机电枢线圈临界电流密度研究

高温超导线材的临界电流密度受磁场的影响,在设计计算时,通常假设在线圈截面上电流密度是均匀分布的。但是,实际上在线圈截面上,电压是一致的。由于线圈中的磁场不均匀分布,各处的临界电流密度是不同的。采用数值模拟的方法,分析了高温超导线圈截面上的临界电流分布。结果显示,临界电流密度的分布是不均匀的,总的临界电流可比按均匀分布时的计算结果提高25%以上。     

Steps in the phase transition of superconducting Pb-film strips

We studied voltage steps in the transition curve U(T) of superconducting Pb-film strips. The steps strongly depend on the thermal conductivity of the substrate and indicate the formation of phase-slip centers and hot spots.     

Weber blockade theory of magnetoresistance oscillations in superconducting strips

Recent experiments on the conductance of thin, narrow superconducting strips have found periodic fluctuations, as a function of the perpendicular magnetic field, with a period corresponding to approximately two flux quanta per strip area [A. Johansson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 116805 (2005)]. We argue that the low-energy degrees of freedom responsible for dissipation correspond to vortex motion. Using vortex-charge duality, we show that the superconducting strip behaves as the dual of a quantum dot, with the vortices, magnetic field, and bias current respectively playing the roles of the electrons, gate voltage, and source-drain voltage. In the bias-current versus magnetic-field plane, the strip conductance displays regions of small vortex conductance (i.e., small electrical resistance) that we term "Weber blockade" diamonds, which are dual to Coulomb blockade diamonds in quantum dots.     

Persistent current in superconducting nanorings

The superconductivity in very thin rings is suppressed by quantum phase slips. As a result, the amplitude of the persistent current oscillations with flux becomes exponentially small, and their shape changes from sawtooth to a sinusoidal one. We reduce the problem of low-energy properties of a superconducting nanoring to that of a quantum particle in a sinusoidal potential and show that the dependence of the current on the flux belongs to a one-parameter family of functions obtained by solving the respective Schr?dinger equation with twisted boundary conditions.     

Switching behavior of superconducting current injected from quasi-one-dimensional leads into mesoscopic samples

We have investigated the distribution of external current injected from superconducting leads into mesoscopic samples using time dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. In particular, we have taken account of the current and field variation in the thickness direction. We have performed numerical simulations for the sample composed of two rectangular solids connected by two bridges. We have observed “switching” like behavior in the current distribution at the bridges, which corresponds to the change between vortex penetration and expulsion. This switching like behavior, as well as the magnitude of the currents, depends on the sample thickness in the direction of the external field.     

Magnetic-flux penetration and critical currents in superconducting strips with slits

We theoretically investigate transport-current-induced magnetic-flux penetration into superconducting strip lines with slits. Even when the individual strips have no bulk pinning, geometrical barriers prevent penetration of magnetic flux into the innermost strips while flux quasistatically penetrates into the outermost slits. The critical current of strip lines with 2N slits at zero applied magnetic field is found to be enhanced by a factor of (N+1)(1/2) above that of a single strip line without slits. Under suitable conditions, a domelike flux distribution due to the geometrical barrier can appear in the individual strips even in the absence of an applied magnetic field.     

Critical temperature and critical current density of superconducting V-Ga-Al alloys with A 15 structure

V-Ga-Al alloys containing 68–82 at.-% vanadium can be easily worked mechanically in the A2 phase and transformed into the superconducting A15 phase by subsequent heat treatment. The preparation, critical temperature and critical current density of the A15 phase are described. The critical current density, which at 5 Tesla is in the 10⁴ to 10⁵ A/cm² range, is compared with values of technically used superconductors. Ternary V-Ga-Al alloys are suitable for superconducting shielding devices for high fields.     

Critical behavior of polar modes in lead phosphate near the ferroelastic phase transition

The temperature dependence of IR reflection spectra (15–4000 cm^?1) of A_u and B_u modes in the α phase and of E_u modes in the β phase of lead phosphate has been studied with a Fourier transform scattering interferometer. Frequencies, dampings and oscillator strengths of all modes show critical behavior, more or less marked, in the vicinity of the transition temperature. Correlations between the modes in both phases, including Raman results, are made. The temperature at which most of the modes lose their polar character is found more than ten degrees above that found by means of other techniques. Raman and X-ray data also indicate that characteristics of the monoclinic structure still persist well above T_c = 180°.