M3（CO）12（M=Fe,Ru,Os）的氧原子转移反应动力学

近期研究表明,M(CO)_6(M=Cr,Mo,W)与Me_3NO作用是缔合反应,Me_3NO中氧原子亲核进攻羰基碳,使其以CO_2的形式脱离金属原子,由此产生的活性中间体M(CO)_5与外来配体快速反应生成M(CO)_5L。有关金属原子簇羰基配合物的类似反应动力学研究尚未见报道。原子簇配合物可能表现出与单核配合物不同的反应性质,并且是有效的均相催化剂,进一步了解其与Me_3NO的反应性质颇有意义。本文报道在Me_3NO存在下M_3(CO)_(12)的CO取代反应(1)的研究结果(M=Fe,Ru,Os)。     

Me_3NO存在下Ir_4(CO)_(11)L(L=CO,PPh_3)的CO取代反应动力学研究

刊用FT-IR和UV技术跟踪反应进程,研究了在Me_3NO存在下Ir_4(CO)_(12)和Ir_4(CO)_(11)PPh_3分别在CHCl_3—C_2H_5OH和CHCl_3溶剂中取代羰基反应的动力学与机理。结果表明反应遵循二级速率定律:r=k_2[Me_3NO][配合物]。该速率方程与缔合机理相一致。将Ir_4(CO)_(11)L和Os_3(CO)_(11)L(L=CO,PPh_3)体系的动力学结果相比较,着重讨论了桥基因素对反应活性的影响。     

Mo(CO)5L的氧原子转移反应动力学和机理研究

近期我们报道了M(CO)_2(M=Cr,Mo,W)与Me_2NO反应的动力学研究结果。 本文报道在CH_2Cl_2,-CH_2CN(体积比1:1)混合溶剂中,三甲胺氧化物存在下的二取代反应: Mo(CO)_5L Me_3NO L→顺-Mo(CO)_4L_2 Me_3N CO_3 (1)式中L=P(c-hx)_3,P(n-Bu)_3,NMe_3Pyr,PPh_3,AsPh_3,P(OEt)和P(OMe)_3,在金属原子不变的情况下对配体的电子效应(以Mo(CO)_5L的羰基伸缩振动频率表现出来)和立体效应做探讨。     

在(CH_3)_3NO的存在下Ru_3(CO)_(12)的CO取代反应动力学与机理

过渡金属羰基簇合物的动力学和机理研究是阐明催化过程和设计新羰基簇催化剂必不可少的基础理论工作。这一领域的研究,近年来受到广泛的重视,但现有的资料仅限于简单的热取代反应。本文研究了Ru_3(CO)_(12)在氧原子转移试剂Me_3NO-一种理想的脱羰试剂的存在下,CH_2Cl_2-C_2H_5OH混合溶剂中的CO被L[L=PPh_3、PB_(u3)~n、AsPh_3、P(OPh)_3]取代的动力学,并提出了反应机理。     

Os_3(CO)_(12)及其膦取代衍生物氧原子转移反应动力学与机理研究

报道了(CH_3)_3NO存在条件下Os_3(CO)_(12)和Os_3(CO)_11L(L=PPh_3,P(n-Bu)_3,AsPh_3)分别在CH_2Cl_2-C_2H_5OH和CH_2Cl_2溶剂中职代羰基反应的动力学数据。结果表明,反应遵循单项缔合速度定律,与外来配体L的浓度无关。定量地研究了溶剂中乙醇的浓度对反应速度的影响,并讨论了反应机理、过渡态和中间体可能的结构及取代配体的影响。     

M3（CO）11L（M=Fe,Ru,Os）氧原子转移反应动力学与机理的研究

前文曾报道Ru_3(CO)_(11)L于Me_3NO存在下,在CH_2Cl_2-C_2H_5OH混合溶剂中的取代反应动力学。结果表明,该体系中氧原子转移与热取代相竞争。为深入了解取代配体对氧原子转移反应的影响,本文用CHCl_3作溶剂,在氧原子转移试剂Me_3NO存在下,对M_3(CO)_(11)L(M=Fe、Ru、Os)的羰基取代反应进行研究,结果表明,该体系只发生氧原子转移反应     

制备trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2的新的取代过程

报道了用H_2Fe(CO)_4制备trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2的新的羰基取代反应。在 过量质子存在下，H_2Fe(CO)_4中的羰基被活化，中心铁原子对膦的亲核进攻更为 敏感。在这种条件下H_2Fe(CO)_4与膦反应时，首先失去氢生成Fe(CO)_4(PR_3), Fe(CO)_4-(PR_3)再与第二个膦反应可高产率的得到trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2。用 PPh_3与Fe(CO)_4(PPh_3)在过量质子存在下反应生成trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2，证 实了上述过程。     

μ-氧-双四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)在CH_2Cl_2-氧化剂体系中的转化反应研究

本文报道了以CH_2Cl_2为溶剂,μ-氧-双四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)[(TPPFe)_2O]分别在亚碘酰苯(PhIO),H_2O_2和空气氧存在下转化为氯合、四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)(TPPFeCl)的反应.动力学初步研究表明在H_2O_2或PhIO存在下对(TPPFe)_2O为一级反应,而在空气氧中则为零级反应.反应速率常数与反应温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程式.根据动力学数据提出了该反应的可能机理.     

金属原子簇的催化作用—乙烯氢甲酰化反应

本文报导了羰基金属原子簇均相催化乙烯氢甲酰化反应。考察了三核羰基钴簇ClCCo_3(CO)_9(Ⅰ)、PhCCo_3(CO)_9(Ⅱ),四核羰基钴簇Co_4(CO)_3(μ_2-CO)_2(μ_4-PPh)_2(Ⅱ)、钴膦络合物Co_2(CO)_6(PBu_3)_2(Ⅳ)、环戊二烯羰基铁络合物Fe_2(CO)_4(C_5H_5)_2(Ⅴ)、异核金属簇化合物[PhCH_2Me_3N][FeCo_3(CO)_12](Ⅵ)和[PhCH_2Me_3N)(RuCo_3(CO)_(12)](Ⅶ)的催化恬性。其中异核金属簇(Ⅵ)和(Ⅶ)对乙烯氢甲酰化反应有较高的催化活性和选择性。研究了温度、压力等反应条件对异核金属簇(Ⅵ)催化剂的催化性能的影响,在130℃、4MPa、CO/H_2=1的条件下,反应1小时,乙烯的转化率和丙醛的选择性均大于90％。还考察了三核钴簇(Ⅱ)和异核金属簇(Ⅵ)的热稳定性和均相反应机理。     

Me3NO存在下Ru3(CO)11L的CO取代反应动力学与机理

本文研究了在Me_3NO存在下Ru_3(CO)_(11)L(L_=PPh_3,PBu_3~n)的CO取代反应动力学,并提出了可能的机理。Ru_3(CO)_(11)L中的CO被配体L取代生成Ru_3(CO)_9L_3。当L=PPh_3,r=(k_1 k_2[Me_3NO])[Ru_3(CO)_(11)L];L=PBu_3~n,r=(k_1 k_2[PBu_3~n])[Ru_3(CO)_(11)L].除了涉及简单的离解机理外,还存在着按缔合机理进行的简单CO热取代与Me_3NO对Ru_3(CO)_(11)L中羰基碳的进攻。     

CH2(X 3B1)自由基与O2的反应

用时间分辨富里叶红外发射谱仪（ＴＲ－ＦＴＩＲＳ）研究了ＣＨ２（Ｘ＾３Ｂ１）自由基与Ｏ２反应的通道及产物的振动动态布居，基电子态自由基ＣＨ２（Ｘ＾３Ｂ１）由３５１ｎｍ紫外激光光解ＣＨ２ＣＯ生成，观测到振动发态反应产物ＣＯ（ｖ≤１０），ＣＯ２（ｖ３≤７）ＯＨ（Ｈ２Ｏ）和Ｈ２ＣＯ的红外发射，证实存在生成Ｈ２ＣＯ的通道，由光谱拟合得到不同时刻ＣＯ（ｖ）和ＣＯ２（ｖ３）的相对振动布居，发现ｖ＝４能级的布居数     

CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯Cu-Ni/V2O5-SiO2催化剂

采用表面反应改性法制备了Ｖ２Ｏ５－ＳｉＯ２（ＶＳｉＯ）表面复合物,用等体积浸渍法制备了ＶＳｉＯ担载的Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ双金属催化剂,用ＩＲ,ＴＰＤ,ＴＰＳＲ和微反技术研究了ＣＯ２和ＣＨ３ＯＨ在催化剂表面上的化学吸附与反应性能。结果表明,在Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ／ＶＳｉＯ催化剂上存在着金属位Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ合金,Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸位Ｖ＾ｎ＋和Ｌｅｗｉｓ碱位Ｖ＝Ｏ三类活性中心;ＣＯ２在金属位和Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸位协同作用下可生成ＣＯ２卧式     

CH2+O2反应的反应机理

The mechanisms of the CH2＋ O2→ H2O＋ CO and CH2＋ O2→ H2＋ CO2 reactions have been studied by performing ab initio CAS(8,8)/6-31G(d,p) calculations, and five intermediates(IMn) and eight transitions(TSn) have been located along the reaction paths. The predicted path for the CH2＋ O2→ H2O＋ CO is: CH2＋ O2→ TS1→ IM1→ TS2→ IM2→ TS3→ IM3→ TS4→ IM4a→ TS5→ H2O＋ CO. For the CH2＋ O2→ H2＋ CO2 reaction, there are two paths: (i) CH2＋ O2→ TS1→ IM1→ TS2→ IM2→ TS3→ IM3→ TS6→ H2＋ CO2 and (ii) CH2＋ O2→ TS1→ IM1→ TS2→ IM2→ TS3→ IM3→ TS4→ IM4a→ TS7→ IM4b→ TS8→ H2＋ CO2, with the latter path more favorable energetically.     

K2O对合成DMC用Cu-Ni/V2O5-SiO2催化剂性能的影响

V2O5 SiO2(VSiO) supported Cu Ni K2O catalysts for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate were prepared using isovolumic impregnation. Based on TPR,TPD, IR and micro reactor techniques, the effect of K2O on the adsorption and reaction of CO2 and CH3OH on the catalyst were characterized. The results show that addition of K2O exerts obvious influence on the charge distribution of the active sites on Cu Ni/VSiO catalyst,increases the intensities of CO2 horizontal adsorption state, while that of the dissociation state of methanol descends. When the ratio of K is above 15 ％, K2CO3 is formed on the catalyst. Moreover,the main reaction products of CO2 and CH3OH on Cu Ni K2O/VSiO catalyst are still DMC, H2O, CO and CH2O,and with the addition of K2O, the conversion of reactants rise, but the selectivity of by-products decreases.     

Synthesis of [TpRu(CO)(PPh3)]2(μ-CHCHCHCHC6H4CHCHCHCH) from Wittig reactions

Treatment of [Ru(CHCHCH₂PPh₃)X(CO)(PPh₃)₂]⁺ (X=Cl, Br) with KTp (Tp=hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate) and NaBPh₄ produced [TpRu(CHCHCH₂PPh₃)(CO)(PPh₃)]BPh₄. Reaction of RuHCl(CO)(PPh₃)₃ with HCCCH(OEt)₂ produced Ru(CHCHCH(OEt)₂)Cl(CO)(PPh₃)₂, which reacted with KTp to give TpRu(CHCHCHO)(CO)(PPh₃). Treatment of [TpRu(CHCHCH₂PPh₃)(CO)(PPh₃)]BPh₄ with NaN(SiMe₃)₂ and benzaldehyde produced TpRu(CHCHCHCHPh)(CO)(PPh₃). The later complex was also produced when TpRu(CHCHCHO)(CO)(PPh₃) was treated with PhCH₂PPh₃Cl/NaN(SiMe₃)₂. The bimetallic complex [TpRu(CO)(PPh₃)]₂(μ-CHCHCHCHC₆H₄CHCHCHCH) was obtained from the reaction of [TpRu(CHCHCH₂PPh₃)(CO)(PPh₃)]BPh₄ with NaN(SiMe₃)₂ and terephthaldicarboxaldehyde.     

CH2(X 3B1)自由基与N2O反应的研究

The reaction dynamics of methylene radical CH2(X3B1) with N2O was investigated by Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(TR-FTIRS). Pure CH2(X3B1) radicalwas produced via laser photolysis of ketene at 351 nm. Nascent viabrationally excited products CO, NO and HCN were observed. Some reaction pathways which may lead to these products were proposed and a possible reaction mechanism was outlined.     

低浓度甲烷甲醇深度氧化Ag/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3催化剂

Ag-modified La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance for deep oxidation of CH4 and CH3OH at low concentrations were investigated. The results showed that the La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 host catalyst with the perovskite-type nano-crystallite structure displayed considerably high catalytic activity for deep oxidation of CH4 and CH3OH at low concentrations. Ag modification to the La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 host catalyst resulted in significant enhancement of the catalyst activity, making the T95 (the reaction temperature needed for conversion of 95%of CH4 or CH3OH) lowered down to 735K (for CH4) and 421K (for CH3OH) from 813 and 465 K over the Ag-free system under the reaction conditions:0.1MPa,CH4/O2/N2=2/12/86(molar ratio),GHSV=45000 h-1 and CH3OH/O2/N2= 0.2/1.0/98.8 (molar ratio),GHSV=58000 h-1,respectively.The carbon containing product was almost CO2 and the contents of HCHO and CO in the reaction exit gas were both under GC detectable limit in both cases.
The results of spectroscopic characterization indicated that modification by proper amount of Ag-dopant did not change the perovskite structure of the La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 host catalyst as a whole. Interaction of Ag-dopant with the surface of the host catalyst,La0.6Sr0.4MnO3,was in favor of high dispersion of the Ag component at the catalyst surface and led to the oxidation of part of the Mn3+species to Mn4+,resulting in an increase of amounts of the reducible Mnn+ species and a decrease of their reduction temperature. On the other hand, this interaction led also to enhancement of adsorption ability of the catalyst toward O2 at relatively low temperature. High activity of the Ag modified La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 catalyst for CH4 and CH3OH complete oxidation was closely related to high redox-activity of the catalyst and its prominent adsorption-activation ability to O2 at relatively low temperatures.     

Ni/Al2O3催化剂表面状态对CH4氧化反应的影响

采用瞬变响应技术研究了常压700℃条件下气相O2、Ni/Al2O3催化剂表面上可逆吸附氧物种及催化剂的表面状态对CH4吸附、反应以及CH4部分氧化反应的影响,同时也对CH4部分氧化制合成气反应过程中催化剂表面所处的状态进行了研究.结果表明,如果催化剂表面处于氧化态,CH4不能吸附分解,只能通过RidealEley机理与催化剂表面的吸附氧进行非选择性氧化反应,这将严重影响CH4的转化和目的产物H2、CO的选择性.只有在还原的催化剂上,CH4部分氧化制合成气反应才能高转化、高选择性地进行.在CH4部分氧化制合成气反应过程中,催化剂表面处于还原态,不存在多余的中间氧物种NiO,但存在少量的碳物种,这有利于保持催化剂的还原态和抑制CO2的生成.     

Synthesis of mixed acid anhydrides from methane and carbon dioxide in acid solvents

[reaction: see text] The reaction of CH(4) with CO(2) has been performed in anhydrous acids using VO(acac)(2) and K(2)S(2)O(8) as promoters. NMR analysis establishes that the primary product is a mixed anhydride of acetic acid and the acid solvent. In sulfuric acid, the overall reaction is CH(4) + CO(2) + SO(3) --> CH(3)C(O)-O-SO(3)H. Hydrolysis of the mixed anhydride produces acetic acid and the solvent acid. When trifluoroacetic acid is the solvent, acetic acid is primarily formed via the reaction CH(4) + CF(3)COOH --> CH(3)COOH + CHF(3).     

High coke-resistance of K-Ca-promoted Ni/a-Al2O3 catalyst for ch4 reforming with CO2

Summary  K-Ca-promoted Ni/&agr;-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited higher activity better coke-resistance than Ni/&agr;-Al2O3 for CH4 reforming with CO2 under different reaction conditions. Temperature-programmed activation process of CH4 reforming with CO2 was investigated on these catalysts.