前手性硅甲基的非等时性, 分子结构对化学位差值的影响

具有手性基团的二甲基二烷氧基硅烷的前手性硅甲基的^1H NMR化学位移有差别, 其差值△γ随着非手性取代基的电负性成比例的改变。△γ与分子结构对Si-O间蝗(p-d)x相互作用的影响, 以及取代芳环的各向异性有关。     

前手性硅甲基的非等时性, 分子结构对化学位差值的影响

具有手性基团的二甲基二烷氧基硅烷的前手性硅甲基的^1H NMR化学位移有差别, 其差值△γ随着非手性取代基的电负性成比例的改变。△γ与分子结构对Si-O间蝗(p-d)x相互作用的影响, 以及取代芳环的各向异性有关。     

NMR手性位移试剂Eu(facam)3的应用

应用核磁共振波谱法来测定有机化合物的光学对映体含量是很有意义的。通常,它有三种方法:①应用手性溶剂,②被测对映体形成非对映异构体方法,③手性位移试剂。Pirkle等应用的手性溶剂方法,虽可推测绝对构型,但往往由于对映位化学位移差值较小,不易准确测定含量。一般应用最广的Mosher试剂(光学活性α-甲氧基α-三氟甲基苯乙酸,MTPA)形成非对映异构体的方法,仅局限于测定醇或胺类化合物,此法有时还需普通位移试剂配合使用。手性位移试剂则可直接测定对映体的光学纯度。 1970年Whitesides和Lewist首先合成了手性位移试剂三-(3-叔丁基羟基亚甲基-d-樟脑)     

前手性硅甲基的非等时性: 卤代烷烃溶剂对化学位移差值的影响

本文报导了卤代烷烃溶剂及溶液浓度与化学位移差值的关系, 揭示了溶剂分子与硅烷分子间的相互作用。     

基于三氟甲基砌块的催化不对称傅-克反应研究进展

引入三氟甲基基团可以显著提高有机分子的化学和代谢稳定性、亲脂性以及在细胞膜中的渗透性,因此发展高效合成三氟甲基化合物,特别是手性三氟甲基化合物的方法具有非常重要的意义.基于三氟甲基砌块的催化不对称傅-克反应可以高效高选择性获得手性三氟甲基芳香化合物,是最近发展起来的一个研究热点.自从日本Mikami小组采用手性钛络合物研究了首例基于三氟甲基砌块的催化不对称傅-克反应,不同种类的手性有机金属催化剂(如手性钛,铜,锌,锆,钯,镱,钇,镍,钙等金属络合物)和手性有机小分子催化剂(如金鸡纳碱,手性脯氨醇硅醚,手性磷酸等)都在这类不对称催化反应中得到应用.作者主要对反应组分(特别是不同类型的三氟甲基砌块)、反应条件、反应机理和合成应用等方面的研究进行了综述.最后,对这类反应所存在的问题和局限性进行了总结,并对今后发展方向作了展望.     

手性亚砜类药物的手性识别研究

以L-亮氨酸的衍生物二齿手性氨基醇为主体、氘代氯仿为溶剂、手性亚砜类药物奥美拉唑消旋体和兰索拉唑消旋体为客体,分别考察了主体对两种客体消旋体的手性识别能力,最大化学位移差值(ΔΔδ)分别达到28.5 Hz和14 Hz。     

交联型直链淀粉手性固定相制备及其手性拆分

通过区域选择法制备了6-(三乙氧基硅基)直链淀粉衍生物,利用6-位上的三乙氧基硅基分子间缩聚将直链淀粉衍生物固定在硅球基质上,制备了交联型直链淀粉固定相。结果表明,采用分子间缩聚法制备交联型直链淀粉手性固定相具有制备简单、固定效率高的特点。考察了固定相手性拆分性能以及影响拆分能力的的因素。溶剂耐受性实验表明分子间缩聚法制备交联型直链淀粉手性固定相对四氢呋喃及氯仿流动相有良好的耐受能力。     

键合纤维素(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)手性固定相的制备及其手性拆分

采用包夹聚合法,将硅小球同硅烷化试剂反应制得乙烯基硅胶,然后将该乙烯基硅胶同经十一烯酰氯、4-甲基苯甲酰氯衍生的纤维素共聚,制备出含不同官能团的聚合物包夹硅基的键合型纤维素(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)类手性固定相。分别以正己烷异丙醇、正己烷四氢呋喃为流动相,对此键合型手性固定相的手性识别能力进行了评价。为了与同类型的涂敷型纤维素(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)手性固定相作比较,合成了涂敷型纤维素(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)手性固定相。结果表明,键合型纤维素(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)手性固定相具有一定的手性识别能力,可以拆分所研究的6种手性化合物中的4种。     

L-亮氨酸衍生物手性氨基醇的合成及其对布洛芬和扁桃酸对映异构体的手性识别

对甲基苯胺经甲基化、甲酰化得到5,N,N-三甲基-2-氨基苯甲醛;对L-亮氨酸经酯化、格氏反应得到二齿手性氨基醇.二齿手性氨基醇与上述醛经缩合、还原反应,得到三齿手性氨基醇.产物结构经IR,MS和1H NMR等进行了表征;通过改变主客体的浓度及手性羧酸的纯度,运用1H NMR分别考察了主体二齿手性氨基醇、三齿手性氨基醇对客体布洛芬和扁桃酸对映异构体的手性识别能力.结果表明:当主客体物质的量之比为1:1时,三齿手性氨基醇对布洛芬消旋体的a位甲基质子及扁桃酸消旋体的a位质子分别产生11.2和9.2 Hz的化学位移差值.     

聚甲基乙烯基酮的不对称还原反应

聚甲基乙烯基酮的不对称还原反应李弘姚金水何炳林（吸附与分离功能高分子材料国家重点实验室南开大学高分子化学研究所天津３０００７１）关键词对称硅氢化，聚甲基乙烯基酮，手性噻唑烷，铑近年来手性过渡金属络合物催化的前手性酮和烯的不对称硅氢化反应已在国际上受...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.