海洋-声学耦合模式捕捉水声环境不确定性

考虑到海洋环境的时空变化对水声环境不确定性的影响,建立了海洋-声学耦合数值模式,实现了并行计算。该模式将声学计算纳入到运动的海洋中,从而实现了对水声环境的动态预报和估计。同时,采用集合预报方法对典型断面的温度垂直结构、实验海区声速剖面和传播损失进行预报,并给出了声速剖面的预报误差、不同深度与频率下,传播损失90%的概率区间以及声速、传播损失、声呐作用距离的不确定性直方图。结果反映了海洋时空变化对水声环境不确定性的影响,量化了水声环境中不确定性的大小。实验结果表明该方法可以刻画海洋动态变化引起的水声环境不确定性,并对其进行了量化和描述。     

海洋—声学耦合过程不确定性快速预报

针对海洋声速空间非均匀和时变条件下的声场不确定性快速预报问题,根据海洋-声学耦合模式预报声速场时空变化过程,获取声速垂直结构不确定性分布规律,提出经验正交函数-随机多项式展开方法,以降低不确定参数维度,得到声场不确定性分布.数值计算表明该方法在保证同等精度的同时可大幅减少计算量,相比常规随机多项式展开方法计算效率可提高2个数量级,且计算量不随声速剖面复杂程度变化而改变.经海上实验验证,结果表明该方法可实现环境不确定性条件下的声场及其不确定性的快速预报。     

海洋-声学耦合过程初始温度误差传递与发展

针对海洋初始温度场误差到水声传播误差的传递以及随时间演变发展的问题,优化海洋-声学耦合模式,通过对比遥感数据,验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上,采用在控制试验温度初始场上加扰动的方法进行传播损失全局误差发展和区域误差发展试验。结果表明,初始温度场全局扰动在经过5天繁殖后使传播损失误差达到饱和,且扰动分布结构和海洋运动规律基本保持一致;对于在黑潮流域设定的目标海区,其上游区域的初始扰动发展最快。该结论可为开展海洋声学适应性观测提供依据。     

动态水声环境不确定性的预报与估计

水声环境具有强烈的时空易变性,为了解其变化中的规律和产生的不确定性,将POM海洋数值模型和水声传播模型FOR3D进行耦合,建立海洋—声学耦合数值模式。对海区的温盐等环境参数和水下声场进行预报,给出了典型断面的温度垂直结构、实验海区声速剖面和传播损失。同时,采用集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)方法结合海洋—声学耦合数值模式分析了水声环境的不确定性,对不同深度与频率下,传播损失的均值与满足90%的可能区间进行了计算,同时给出了不同点声速、传播损失、声纳作用距离的不确定性直方图。和实验数据的对比结果表明该方法具有较高的有效性,能对水声环境的不确定性进行合理的预报与估计。     

海洋水声环境敏感区诊断与适应性观测研究进展

传统的海洋水声环境观测通常是大范围的随机观测,缺少针对性,非常时期观测平台在交战海区实施系统观测困难,如何利用有限的观测资源获取有效的观测数据提高观测效率是目前亟需解决的问题。本文提出海洋声学敏感区诊断与适应性观测概念,介绍了相关研究进展,该项研究有助于我们改进目前传统的观测系统设计,提高观测网建设效益,根据敏感区位置,可建立移动的补充观测系统开展适应性观测,从而发展我国新型的海洋观测体系,为改善海洋水声环境预报质量提供有效观测数据。     

声学与海洋

在各种辐射形式中,声波在海水中的传播为最佳,在混浊和含盐的海水中,无论光波或电磁波的衰减都远较声波的衰减为大。 海洋及其边界的详细特征对声传播的影响是非常复杂的,声速是温度、深度和盐度的函数,而温度又是深度、季节、地理位置(纬度)和气候条件的函数。海洋表面有时是非常     

声学与海洋开发

本文对声学技术在海洋探测、海洋开发以及海洋学研究工作中的地位、作用、应用现状和前景作了阐述，同时也对我国科学工作者在这方面作出的成就和贡献作了扼要介绍．     

采用被动声监测方法识别波弗特海区域海洋水声环境

为了研究北冰洋冰下水声环境的噪声特性,对2016年中国第七次北极科考期间在波弗特海进行的声学观测实验获取的数据集,采用时间统计分析和频域谱分析方法进行了处理,讨论了处理结果与同时期获取的海洋、大气之间的联系。针对冰下噪声长期监测和北冰洋水声环境特性的准实时观测,确定了描述冰下水声环境特性的参数组,给出了处理方法和流程,用于基于被动声监测的水声环境识别,指导研究设计和硬件选择。回传的实测结果可以与已发表的结论进行比较,从而确切描述和理解北冰洋水声环境的变化。     

海洋声学传播新模型

海洋声学模型将我们对海洋中传播的声音在物理上的理解转换为数学表示,进而利用计算机进行模拟计算。海洋声学模型主要包括环境模型、传播模型、噪声模型、混响模型和声纳性能模型。水平变化传播模型研究,包括二维(距离和深度)和三维(距离、深度和方位角)模型研究,是目前海洋声学的重要研究方向之一。     

耦合空间的声学研究进展

近年来由于混响室在演艺厅堂工程上的应用,唤发了对耦合空间声场研究的广泛兴趣。本文简短地回顾了马大猷先生对室内声学简正模态理论的贡献,对近代特别是最近15年来室内声学研究在耦合空间方面的发展,做了综述性讨论,包括简正模态分析和模态分解法、统计声学方法、几何声学方法、扩散方程、以及高分辨率实验技术和贝叶斯概率分析在耦合空间研究的应用。值马大猷先生诞辰一百周年之际,以此文缅怀德高望重的声学前辈。     

Capturing uncertainties of the underwater acoustic environment based on an ocean-acoustic coupled model

Considering the uncertain effects of temporal and spatial changes in the marine environment on the underwater acoustic environment,we established an ocean-acoustic coupled numerical model and performed a parallel calculation.This model incorporated acoustic calculations into the dynamic ocean,thereby achieving a dynamic forecasting and assessment of the acoustic environment.Furthermore,we adopted the ensemble prediction method to predict the vertical structure of temperature in a classic cross-section,the sound speed of the cross-section of the investigated sea area,and transmission losses.We gave the prediction errors of the sound speed profile as well as the 90%probability interval of transmission losses and the uncertainty histograms of the sound speeds,transmission losses,and sonar ranges at different depths and frequencies.The results reflected the influence of marine temporal and spacial variations on the uncertainties of the underwater acoustic environment,and the results also quantified the uncertainties of the underwater acoustic environment parameters.The experimental results indicate that the method used in this study is able to delineate and quantify the uncertainties of the underwater acoustic environment caused by marine dynamic changes.     

The rapid uncertainty prediction of the ocean-acoustic coupled model

Focusing on the rapid prediction of acoustic field uncertainty in environment with temporal and spatial sound speed perturbation, evolvement of sound speed structure over time is predicted based on the ocean-acoustic coupled model to obtain the uncertainty distribution of the vertical structure of sound speed. Further, a method combining the arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion with the empirical orthogonal function is proposed to reduce the dimensionality of uncertain parameters and to obtain the uncertainty distribution of the acoustic field. Simulations have shown that the computational complexity can be reduced by 2 orders of magnitude compared to the conventional polynomial chaos expansion while ensures the same precision.Moreover, the computational complexity is not influenced by the complexity of the sound speed profile. The acoustic field and uncertainty predicted in uncertain environment by proposed method also have been tested with the experimental data.     

一种能量守恒的双向耦合简正波水声传播模型

针对非水平边界条件近似处理所引起的双向声场能量不守恒问题,提出了一种满足能量守恒的双向耦合简正波模型。在模型的建立中,严格考虑了非水平界面的边界条件,并依据介质运动方程和连续性方程推导了便于数值计算的耦合微分方程。同时,结合能量守恒方程和不同海底参数下的数值计算,对模型的准确性进行了研究。由理论分析和仿真结果可以看出,边界条件的严格考虑将导致边界修正项的产生,而边界修正项的引入确保了耦合系数满足对称性和模型所计算的声场满足能量守恒,使得本模型可充分考虑边界水平变化对声场的影响,实现非水平分层波导中双向场的准确计算。     

An energy-conserving two-way coupled mode model for underwater acoustic propagation

In order to avoid the energy non-conservation in two-way sound field calculations,which results from certain approximation of non-horizontal boundary,an energy-conserving twoway coupled mode propagation model is developed.During the derivation of this model,the non-horizontal boundary condition is treated strictly instead of making an approximation.The coupling equations,which are easy to numerical implementation,are derived from the equation of motion and the equation of continuity.Moreover,the validity of this model is illustrated with several numerical examples of different bottom parameters and the equation of energy conservation.It is shown that a boundary correction is introduced by the strict formulizing of the boundary condition in this model.This boundary correction guarantees the coupling coefficients being symmetrical and makes the sound fields satisfy the energy conservation.Thus,the energy-conserving coupled model is able to handle non-horizontal boundaries adequately,and the two-way sound fields in a non-horizontal stratified media can be calculated exactly by this model.     

水下环境光学特性测量方法

为实现水下对航行器光学探测,研究了水下环境光学特性测量机理,确立了海洋下行辐射、海洋上行辐射测量方法。在分析海洋下行辐射分布规律的基础上,简化了海洋下行辐射模型,建立了Janus海洋下行辐照度测量模型,设计了辐照度光学探头,确定了海洋上行辐射测量方法,并完成光学探头的响应度定标设计。分析表明,下行辐照度由标量辐照度、散射系数、体积衰减系数和漫衰减系数共同决定,均匀角分布入射辐射率,当入射角小于70°时,余弦误差小于5%,采用的Janus设计优化了海洋下行辐照度的测量。海洋下行辐射、海洋上行辐射测量方法的建立,为水下实现目标环境光学特性测量奠定了技术理论支撑。     

Phase-flip transition in nonlinear oscillators coupled by dynamic environment

We study the dynamics of nonlinear oscillators indirectly coupled through a dynamical environment or a common medium. We observed that this form of indirect coupling leads to synchronization and phase-flip transition in periodic as well as chaotic regime of oscillators. The phase-flip transition from in- to anti-phase synchronization or vise-versa is analyzed in the parameter plane with examples of Landau-Stuart and Ro?ssler oscillators. The dynamical transitions are characterized using various indices such as average phase difference, frequency, and Lyapunov exponents. Experimental evidence of the phase-flip transition is shown using an electronic version of the van der Pol oscillators.     

Calculations of internal-wave-induced fluctuations in ocean-acoustic propagation

Variability in the ocean sound-speed field on time scales of a few hours and horizontal spatial scales of a few kilometers is often dominated by the random, anisotropic fluctuations caused by the internal-wave field. Results have been compiled from analytical approaches and from numerical simulations using the parabolic approximation into an efficient set of algorithms for calculating approximations to internal-wave effects on temporal and spatial coherences, coherent bandwidths, and regimes of acoustic fluctuation behavior. These approximate formulas account for the background, deterministic, sound-speed profile and the anisotropy of the internal-wave field, and they also allow for the incorporation of experimentally determined profiles of sound speed, buoyancy frequency, and sound-speed variance. The algorithms start from the geometrical-acoustics approximation, in which the field transmitted from a source can be described completely in terms of rays whose characteristics are determined by the sound speed as a function of position. Ordinary integrals along these rays provide approximations to acoustic-fluctuation quantities due to the statistical effects of internal waves, including diffraction. The results from the algorithms are compared with numerical simulations and with experimental results for long-range propagation in the deep ocean.