碲化铜中碲含量测定方法的精密度

在有色金属行业标准碲化铜化学分析方法起草过程中,拟定了还原分离–硫酸亚铁铵返滴定法测定碲化铜中碲含量,并组织11家实验室参加了协同实验,得到碲化铜中碲的测定结果。按照GB/T 6379.2–2004标准的规范要求,采用曼德尔k图和h图、格拉布斯检验和柯克伦检验法对数据的一致性和离群值进行检查,计算出该方法精密度试验中重复性限(r)和再现性限(R)的结果。实验证明,统计计算的得到的r和R能反映该方法适用性的真实情况。该方法可以作为有色金属行业标准推广使用。     

蔬菜中甲胺磷等5种有机磷农药残留量的分散液-液微萃取/气质联用技术检测

建立了分散液-液微萃取/气相色谱质谱(DLLME/GC-MS)联用技术分析蔬菜样品中甲胺磷、甲拌磷、甲基对硫磷、毒死蜱和乐果5种有机磷农药残留的新方法。优化后的萃取条件:10μL氯苯为萃取剂,1.0 mL丙酮为分散剂,萃取时间为3 m in。5种有机磷农药均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.995,加标回收率为60%~95%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~9.1%,检出限为0.001~0.140 mg/kg。应用于蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的检测,结果满意。     

蜂王浆冻干粉中甲硝唑残留标准样品制备的研究

建立了蜂王浆冻干粉中甲硝唑残留标准样品的研制和定值方法。对日常检测阳性样品进行匀浆、冷冻干燥和均匀化加工处理,真空包装,得到1批400袋蜂王浆冻干粉样本。F检验法和t检验法表明在95%置信区间内,样本均匀性、短期稳定性和长期稳定性均达到标准样品要求。制备的甲硝唑标准样品采用液相色谱-串联质谱法,与国内外8家实验室进行协同定值。采用格拉布斯和柯克伦检验对定值结果进行异常值检验,并对结果进行不确定度评估。     

液化石油气分子量测定方法的研究

建立了液化石油气分子量的测定方法.该法采用气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器测定了液化气中10种烃类的相对质量校正因子,其相对标准偏差为0.530%~0.896％,对两个液化气样品的分子量进行了10次平行试验,其相对标准偏差分别为.0.011%和0.085%.同时对测试方法进行了协同试验,五家检测机构对6个样品的平行试验结果经柯克伦(Cochran)和格拉布斯(Grubbs)检验,均处于临界值范围0.841~0.928和.1.715~1.764之内.方法的重复性为0.032%~0.160％,再现性为.0.040%~0.198%.     

搅拌棒吸附萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定微山湖水中的有机磷农药残留

采用搅拌棒吸附萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定微山湖水中的马拉硫磷、三唑磷、喹硫磷、伏杀硫磷等4种有机磷农药残留。对影响有机磷农药残留吸附萃取效率的萃取涂层、样品溶液的酸度、振荡速率、萃取时间、溶液的离子强度、解吸液、解吸时间和解吸模式等因素进行了优化,确定了最佳吸附萃取条件。样品经搅拌棒萃取、解吸后,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱分离。在多反应监测模式下检测,外标法定量。4种有机磷农药的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.16~0.73μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在72.3%~107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在7.8%~11%之间。     

注射泵辅助微固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测大米中有机磷类农药残留

采用水热法一步合成了氨基官能化MIL-101(Cr)金属骨架材料,将其作为注射泵辅助微固相萃取吸附剂,结合气相色谱-串联质谱检测,建立了稻米中6种有机磷农药的快速分离分析新方法。对前处理过程的条件进行优化,得到最优条件：材料用量5 mg、上样溶液pH=7.0,上样溶液盐浓度为5%NaCl,解吸溶剂丙酮的解吸体积为5 mL,最佳解吸速率0.7 mL/min。在最优条件下,6种有机磷农药在空白稻米样品中低中高三种添加浓度的回收率在83.0%～113.3%之间,日内日间相对标准偏差小于12.5%,表明所建立的方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。最后,将所建立的方法用于实际稻米样品中有机磷农药残留的分析,取得了很好的效果。     

固相膜萃取-气相色谱法测定养殖用水中痕量有机磷农药

采用固相膜萃取-气相色谱法测定养殖用水中乐果、甲基对硫磷和马拉硫磷等3种有机磷农药的含量。水样经C18固相萃取膜萃取后,用丙酮和二氯甲烷洗脱。用SPB-608毛细管色谱柱分离,氮磷检测器检测。3种有机磷农药的质量浓度均在0.02~1.0μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.0025~0.004μg·L-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,回收率在93.0%~111%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.13%~5.2%之间。     

毛细管气相色谱法快速测定辣椒中7种有机磷农药残留

建立同时测定辣椒中7种有机磷农药残留量的方法。用乙酸乙酯提取,经旋转浓缩后用丙酮定容,直接进样,以HP-1701毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器测定。结果表明,7种农药在10min内可很好地分离。样品加标回收率为80.8%~108.8%,方法的相对标准偏差为2.0%~10.7%(n=5)。7种农药的检出限为1.5~7.0μg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定动物源食品中10种有机磷农药残留量

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定动物源食品中10种有机磷农药的残留量。样品用水及丙酮均质提取,二氯甲烷进行分配后,依次用凝胶色谱和石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化。采用气相色谱分离后,质谱法进行测定,外标法定量。10种有机磷农药的质量浓度均在0.01~0.10 mg.L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.01~0.10 mg.kg-1之间。在3个标准加入水平下进行了回收试验,所得回收率在84.2%~98.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)在5.13%~10.55%之间。     

芹菜、草莓基质对甲胺磷等4种有机磷农药测定的影响

研究芹菜、草莓基质对甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果、毒死蜱4种有机磷农药检测的影响。利用样品基质溶液配制标准样品,对比草莓、芹菜样品、丙酮溶液中4种农药的保留时间、峰形、峰面积。结果发现DB–5MS色谱柱上,丙酮溶液、芹菜基质、草莓基质中甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果色谱峰出峰时间不完全重合,保留时间最大漂移0.1 min。丙酮溶剂、芹菜基质较草莓基质中的甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果更容易出现峰拖尾现象,且芹菜基质溶液中相同浓度的甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷峰面积分别约是草莓基质溶液中的75%,90%。毒死蜱的保留时间、峰形、响应面积在草莓基质、芹菜基质、丙酮溶液中基本一样。     

检出限概念问题讨论—IUPAC及其它检出限定义的综合探讨和实验论证

讨论文以大量实验数据为依据，查证了光分析法中影响检出限的诸多因素，用设计实验获得数据与理论结合，对几种推荐的检出限计算方法予以归纳、论证，阐明以检出限做为分析主、分析仪器的比较标准时，应正确理解的有关问题和使用检出限的注意事项。     

气相色谱法的限制因素

本文根据气相色谱柱前，柱后蒸汽压的变化，通过对含不同碳原子的６类化合物于不同温度下蒸汽压的研究，提出采用气相色谱法时组分的蒸汽压必须高于１５－７４６Ｐａ，容量因子ｋ＾１必须在０．２－２０之间。运用相应碳链长度（ＣＣＣＬ）的概念，通过固定相特性参数（Ｖｇ（７）和Ａ１）解决了一定温度下“什么组分可从气相色谱柱中流出？“的预测问题。结合检测器特性得出是保留值太大限制了组分采用气相色谱法，阐明了只要组分能     

Exploiting regularity in systematic sequences of wavefunctions which approach the full CI limit

Summary The ground state total energy and related 1-electron properties are computed for three small molecules (N₂, H₂O, and H₂CN) using several systematic sequences of wavefunctions which approach the full CI. These sequences include multireference CI, averaged coupled pair functional and quasidegenerate variational perturbation theory wavefunctions. It is demonstrated that sufficient regularity exists in the sequence of variationally computed energies to permit extrapolation to the full CI limit using simple analytic expressions. It is furthermore demonstrated that a subset of the original list of configurations employed in the normal singles and doubles CI procedure can be selected using second order perturbation theory without adversely affecting the extrapolation to the full CI limit. This significantly broadens the range of applicability of the method. Along these lines, a scheme is proposed for the extrapolation of the selected CI results to the zero threshold (i.e. unselected) values in cases where the numbers of configurations associated with the latter would render the calculations intractable. Due to the vast reduction in the number of configurations which are handled variationally, the proposed scheme makes it possible to derive estimates of the full CI limit in cases where explicit full CI is either very difficult or currently impossible.Dedicated to Prof. Klaus RuedenbergThe Pacific Northwest Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830     

测量方法精密度共同试验测量数据的统计分析

以钼蓝分光光度法测定石灰石、白云石中二氧化硅分析方法标准的精密度共同试验测量数据为例,按GB/T 6379.2—2004的统计方法进行统计,最终确定了分析方法的重复性限r和再现性限R与含量(水平)m的函数关系式。对统计中数据的处理、回归方程的图示确定、分析方法精密度的表示等问题进行了讨论。以含量分段表示重复性限和再现性限,在分析实践中更为实用。对共同试验和数据处理中要注意的问题进行了深入讨论。     

The problem of responses less than the reporting limit in unsupervised pattern recognition

The problem of the presence and of the treatment of values below the detection limit (or ‘less than’ values) is examined, for some real cases of unsupervised pattern recognition of samples. The experimental data refer to archaeological glass fragments of the seventh and eighth centuries AD and to ceramic shards of Roman epoch and of different provenances. Increasing amounts of less-thans are progressively introduced into the original data by a particular procedure and the less-thans treated each time with three different substitution methods (i.e. substitution with constant values, with randomly distributed values and with values obtained by principal component analysis). A subsequent multivariate classification of the samples by various techniques and an evaluation of the corresponding results, allows one to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of the three methods of treatment of less-thans.     

Some investigations of the MP2-R12 method

Summary The MP2-R12 method was introduced by Kutzelnigg and Klopper to overcome the problem caused by truncation of the one electron basis set in correlation energy calculations at the Møller-Plesset second order level of approximation. Here, we have evaluated the integrals required by their simplest scheme using the Rys-quadrature procedure. Results are presented for Ne, H₂O, and HF using largespdf gaussian basis sets.     

添加剂对双子表面活性剂DYNOL－604浊点的影响

对双子表面活性剂DYNOL－604的浊点开展研究,考察了添加剂对其浊点的影响 。离子表面活性剂的加入,使其浊点升高,而加入醇时出现了一种双浊点的现象, 我们称之为“下限浊点”和“上限浊点”。即温度低于“下限浊点”和高于“上限 浊点”,体系由浑浊变为澄清。采用NMR手段测定“上限浊点”以上温度体系的自 扩散系数,证明为双连续微乳液结构,并从R比值理论进行分析。     

Tutorial on estimating the limit of detection using LC-MS analysis,part I: Theoretical review

A large body of literature exists on the limit of detection (LOD), but there is still a lot of confusion about this important validation parameter. This confusion mainly stems from its statistically complex background. The goal of this two-part tutorial is to discuss and clarify the topic of LOD for practitioners. The two main conclusions of this tutorial are: (1) the choice of how to estimate LOD should be based on the purpose of the analytical method that is being validated (e.g. considerable effort should not be made to estimate LOD for a method that is not used for detecting traces in the vicinity of LOD), and (2) LOD estimates are strongly dependent on different assumptions and the approach used, and therefore caution must be exercised when using the estimate or when comparing different estimates.     

Limits of detection, identification and determination: a statistical approach for practitioners

 For the estimation of the limits of detection, identification and determination, considerations from analytical practice were applied to the statistics of the calibration line and its prediction interval. The detection limit was the concentration calculated from the maximum height of the prediction interval at zero spiking concentration. The identification limit was twice the detection limit and was the lowest concentration that could safely be detected. The determination limit was the lowest concentration fulfilling three criteria: 1. None of the signals resulting from determination limit concentration should interfere with any signal from detection limit concentration, thus providing an unambiguous separation between the two limits. 2. Recovery should be between 70% and 120%. 3. Lowest and highest predictable signal at determination limit concentration should not deviate more than ± 30% from the average. Practical analytical guidance and the necessary mathematical formulae are presented. Received: 12 November 1997 · Accepted: 7 December 1997     

Analytical and legal aspects of the threshold limit value concept

 The stipulation of threshold limit values (TLV) and the association of legal consequences with their contravention involves the tacit presumption that procedures for monitoring adherence to the TLV are both possible and are applied. However, monitoring is an analytical chemistry problem and hence the limitations of the TLV concept are determined by the realities of analytical chemistry. Accepted: 11 December 1997