碲化铜中碲含量测定方法的精密度

在有色金属行业标准碲化铜化学分析方法起草过程中,拟定了还原分离–硫酸亚铁铵返滴定法测定碲化铜中碲含量,并组织11家实验室参加了协同实验,得到碲化铜中碲的测定结果。按照GB/T 6379.2–2004标准的规范要求,采用曼德尔k图和h图、格拉布斯检验和柯克伦检验法对数据的一致性和离群值进行检查,计算出该方法精密度试验中重复性限(r)和再现性限(R)的结果。实验证明,统计计算的得到的r和R能反映该方法适用性的真实情况。该方法可以作为有色金属行业标准推广使用。     

测量方法精密度共同试验测量数据的统计分析

以钼蓝分光光度法测定石灰石、白云石中二氧化硅分析方法标准的精密度共同试验测量数据为例,按GB/T 6379.2—2004的统计方法进行统计,最终确定了分析方法的重复性限r和再现性限R与含量(水平)m的函数关系式。对统计中数据的处理、回归方程的图示确定、分析方法精密度的表示等问题进行了讨论。以含量分段表示重复性限和再现性限,在分析实践中更为实用。对共同试验和数据处理中要注意的问题进行了深入讨论。     

血中神经性毒物和有机磷农药的气相色谱分析

从生物体液中分离检定神经性毒物和有机磷农药有溶剂提取法,但选择性差,需与高度专的分析方法(如气相色谱-质谱联用)相结合;另外还有竞争抑制酶免疫测定法,~(32)P标记放射测定法及胆碱酯酶抑制测定等方法,以上方法操作复杂,试剂成本     

GC-NPD同时测定中草药中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯农药残留量

建立了中草药中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量同时检测的气相色谱分析方法.中药材试样依据正交实验的优化条件,用V(C6H14):V(丙酮)=1:1混合提取剂进行超声波提取,经弗罗里硅土和中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,采用HP-5毛细管柱分离,氮磷检测器同时检测中草药中15种有机磷和7种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量.22种农药在0.015～1.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,线性相关系数为0.9950～1.000,在0.05、0.1 mg/kg两个添加水平的平均回收率分别为70.6%～128.6%和69.5%～116.1%,相对标准偏差分别为0.98%～18%和0.37%～15%.各种农药的检出限为0.002～0.015 mg/L.方法已用于中草药中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的同时检测.     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中有机磷农药的残留量

采用DB-1型毛细管柱及氮磷检测器，建立了同时测定蔬菜中有机磷农药甲胺磷、氧化乐果、甲拌磷、甲基对硫磷残留量的气相色谱法，测定4种有机磷农药残留量的线性范围均为0．02-4．00mg／L，相关系数为0．9955～0.9980，检出限为0.0012～0．0020mg／L，加标回收率为89．3％-92．2％，相对标准偏差为2．2％～3．2％。     

蔬菜中有机磷农药辛硫磷的化学发光分析研究

研究发现,在碱性介质中,无机盐氯化钠显著增强有机磷农药辛硫磷在鲁米诺-H2O2体系中的化学发光信号,据此建立了测定辛硫磷的化学发光新方法并探讨了该化学发光反应的可能机理.在鲁米诺分析液浓度为5×10-4 mol/L,H2O2溶液浓度为0.3 mol/L,NaCl浓度为4 mol/L,pH值为13的条件下,辛硫磷的浓度在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3 g/L范围内与化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系;检出限为5.4×10-6 g/L;对浓度为5.0×10-4 g/L的辛硫磷进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为4.6%;添加3水平(0.01～1.0 mg/kg)的回收率为86%～106%.本方法用于蔬菜中辛硫磷残留量的测定,结果与气相色谱法基本一致.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定中药中有机磷农药残留量

建立了中药中多种有机磷农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱测定方法。样品以丙酮-石油醚混合溶剂为提取剂,超声提取后,用固相吸附层析柱(装填4g弗罗里硅土和2g中性氧化铝)净化,采用GC—FPD法同时测定中药中多种有机磷农药残留量。方法检出限为0．011～0．015μg／mL,回收率为85．5％～107．8％。该法简便、准确,能满足实际样品分析。     

气相色谱法测定土壤中21种有机氯农药和4种有机磷农药

应用气相色谱法测定土壤中21种有机氯农药和4种有机磷农药(OCP′s及OPP′s)的含量。土壤样品(10g)以丙酮-正己烷(1+1)混合液(200mL)在65℃用索氏提取7h。提取液蒸缩至约2mL,用经固相萃取小柱净化。用上述混合液6mL分3次从柱上洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至1mL供气相色谱分析。测定OCP′s时用CLPⅡ型毛细管色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测;测定OPP′s时用1701型毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器检测。21种OCP′s和4种OPP′s在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.14~0.38μg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在68.0%~125%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.8%~5.9%之间。     

气相色谱法同时测定果蔬中常见有机磷农药残留量

利用气相色谱法测定食品中7种常见的有机磷农药残留量,优化提取条件、载气流速等实验条件,在样品提取时采用超声波法,乙腈作为提取体系,提高农药的萃取效率.经气相色谱法测定,外标法定量,结果表明,本方法在0.05μg·mL-1～10.0μg·mL-1浓度内有较好的线性关系,该方法对甲拌磷、乙拌磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、喹硫磷...     

Simplified Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Camellia Oil

A rapid, simple, and economical analytical approach has been developed and evaluated for the determination of six organophosphorus pesticides in camellia oil. This method is based on dispersive liquid?liquid microextraction (DLLME) following simple extraction. Oil was extracted with methanol by a high-speed blender and filtered with glass paper to remove fat. The filtrate was incorporated in the DLLME procedure. Acetonitrile was used as the dispersive solvent and chloroform as the extraction solvent. The residues were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries were between 78.4 and 112.8% with relative standard deviations less than 12.3%. The limits of detection for the analytes were from 0.0003 to 0.0056?mg?·?kg^?1. The optimized method was used for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in camellia oil.     

有机磷农药生物电化学传感器的研究进展

为了监测有机磷农药给人类及整个生态环境所造成了的危害和影响，本文综述了最近几十年来电化学生物传感器技术在有机磷农药（OPs)检测领域的研究进展。     

超临界流体萃取-气相色谱法测定水果和蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量

报道了一种用超临界流体萃取水果蔬菜中多种残留有机磷的方法。样品与硅藻土混合后用超临界ＣＯ２ 提取（萃取压力为３０ＭＰａ,温度为５０℃）,乙酸乙酯收集。２ ｇ 样品农药残留回收率为８２％ ～１０８％ ,相对标准偏差为４．６％ ～１１％ （ｎ＝ ６）。测定了西红柿、草莓、金桔和柠檬等样品。测得的结果与传统方法一致,本方法快速、准确。     

Multicomponent Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Grain Samples by Linear Sweep Stripping Voltammetry and Multivariate Calibration

Abstract

Organophosphorus pesticides, such as parathion methyl (PTM), fenitrothion (FT), parathion (PT), and isocarbophos (ICP), have sensitive but overlapped voltammetric peaks with peak potentials ?309, ?364, ?317, and ?480 mV, respectively, in Britton‐Robinson buffer of pH 4.8 by application of linear sweep stripping voltammetry (LSSV). In this work, two multivariate calibration methods, partial least squares (both PLS‐1 and PLS‐2), and principal component regression (PCR), were applied to quantitatively resolve the overlapping voltammogram of the mixtures of these four pesticides. The prediction results obtained from a set of independent test samples showed that PLS‐1 method performed better prediction ability than PLS‐2 and PCR methods. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of these four pesticides in grain samples after a pre‐extraction step with a solvent of acetone.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱联用分析蔬菜中5种有机磷

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用测定蔬菜中甲基对硫磷、三唑磷、乙基对硫磷、倍硫磷和辛硫磷的分析方法.采用自制Florisil SPE柱,优化了萃取溶剂、SPE柱填料类型、SPE柱填料用量和SPE淋洗溶剂等前处理条件以及HPLC仪器条件.方法线性范围为0.02~2.00μg/L;检出限介于0.10~0.17μg/g.分析加标实际样品,回收率为76.5%~109.0%,RSD为2.1%~8.0%.方法完全符合蔬菜中痕量有机磷农药残留的快速分析要求.     

Developments in the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides

Abstract

In this paper, a review is given of some recent developments in organophosphorus pesticides residue methodology. Enrichment on XAD-resins or C₁₈ bonded phases, clean-up by gel permeation and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with specific detectors can be considered as the major fields of development in the past years.

Despite of the progress made, there is still a further need for procedures which reduce handling time, e.g. by automation, and/or increase specificity of the HPLC determination in matrices of practical interest, such as food, animal and human tissues and environmental samples.     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法对栀子中11种有机磷农药残留的检测

建立了高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测栀子中11种有机磷农药残留量的分析方法。样品以乙腈为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取,经Carb/PSA固相萃取柱净化,液质联用仪测定。11种有机磷农药在125~2 000μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9955~0.9998。在50、100、500μg/kg 3个添加水平的平均加标回收率为84%~107%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~10.9%。     

Simultaneous Determination of Carbamate and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Honeybees by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Summary The potential of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been studied for the simultaneous determination of sixteen carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in honeybees using a traditional sample preparation protocol based on acetone extraction and dichloromethane partitioning. The performances of both atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray (ES) interfaces were compared. APCI offered better sensitivity and specificity for a higher range of pesticides. Limits of quantification were from 0.01 to 0.17 mg kg^–1, at which recoveries obtained were between 64 and 93%, except for pirimicarb that was at 13%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 7 to 20%. Fenitrothion, fenoxycarb, methiocarb and phoxim were found in bees from Valencian Community beehives at concentrations between 0.03 and 3.75 mg kg^–1.     

有机磷农药酶生物传感器研究进展

酶生物传感器（EBS）以简单、廉价、易于微型化等优势成了有机磷农药（OPs）传统分析方法的最佳替代品。本文从识别OPs的酶及识别机理、电化学EBS、酶的固定化技术、高分子材料的酶固定载体不同角度综述了有机磷农药酶生物传感器研究近况,并重点介绍了一次性丝网印刷酶电极。     

基质效应对有机磷农药测定的影响及其解决方法

该文以液液萃取-气相色谱法探讨了基质对乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷和对硫磷4种有机磷测定的影响以及解决方法.研究表明,气相色谱法测定有机磷农药的过程中基质效应显著存在,其基质增强比例为1.01 ～3.46.基质效应由基质种类及含量、有机磷农药种类及浓度等因素决定,同时与萃取溶剂、测定条件(如衬管、进样口温度等)有关.不同萃取溶剂对有机磷农药的萃取效率不同,但均存在基质增强效应;当进样口温度为260 ℃时,可最大程度降低基质在衬管中的残留,且不造成有机磷农药的分解;衬管则应首选带玻璃棉的.实际样品/标准样品的交替进样方式可以降低基质效应强度,但难以达到回收率要求,而校正因子校正法及分析保护剂法则是降低或消除基质效应的可行办法.