酶法合成3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D5的研究

以环氧氯丙烷-D_5为起始原料,经水解反应得到3-氯-1,2-丙二醇-D_5,然后和棕榈酰氯在固定化脂肪酶催化下得到稳定同位素标记的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D_5。以消耗的环氧氯丙烷-D_5计算,3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D_5的总产率为52.4%。产品结构、纯度和氘同位素丰度经核磁共振波谱(NMR)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和质谱(MS)等仪器表征确定,3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯-D_5的色谱纯度和氘同位素丰度均高于99.0%。该化合物可以作为稳定同位素内标试剂,用于油脂中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇棕榈酸二酯的含量检测。     

5′-脱氧-5′-氟-5-氟尿核苷的合成和性质

很多含氟核苷具有生理活性,因此,合成类似物引起人们的兴趣。5-氟尿核苷和5′-脱氧-5′-氟尿核苷的合成巳见报道。但是,5′-脱氧-5′-氟-5-氟尿核苷的合成及由于     

棕榈酸维生素C酯的酶催化合成

以棕榈酸甲酯和维生素C为原料,以脂肪酶(LIPOZYM IM)为催化剂,催化合成了棕榈酸维生素C酯.详细研究了几种因素(维生素C与棕榈酸甲酯的摩尔比,反应温度,反应时间及脂肪酶用量)对合成反应的影响,确立了棕榈酸维生素C酯的较佳合成条件底物摩尔比为31,反应温度55℃,反应时间8h,脂肪酶用量为反应体系的3%(重量),产品一次收率为68.2%.     

混合溶剂体系中牛肝β-半乳糖苷酶催化5-氟-2'-脱氧尿苷区域选择性半乳糖基化反应

研究了混合溶剂体系中有机溶剂种类和含量对牛肝β-半乳糖苷酶催化5-氟-2'-脱氧尿苷区域选择性半乳糖基化反应的影响.结果表明,在含10%(体积分数)有机溶剂体系中,该酶稳定性差,失活严重.减少有机溶剂含量可显著减轻其对该酶的毒害作用.然而,有机溶剂的添加对酶促糖基化反应的区域选择性的影响很小(均保持在99%以上).牛肝...     

3’-叠氮-3’-脱氧胸苷-α-羟基膦酸酯衍生物的合成

在碱性条件下, 抗病毒核苷衍生物3’-叠氮-3’-脱氧胸苷(AZT)-5’-氢亚膦酸二酯与芳香醛加成反应得到4个3’-叠氮-3’-脱氧胸苷-α-羟基膦酸酯类衍生物, 通过31P NMR, 1H NMR, ESI-MS及元素分析对其结构进行了表征确认.     

α-氟-β-氨基酸酯的合成

采用简易方法从取代苯乙酮出发制得α-氟-β-脱氢氨基酸酯;在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺存在下用三氯硅烷将其还原,高收率和非对映选择性地合成了α-氟-β-氨基酸酯,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS确证。     

PAL探针中间体3-氧代-6-庚炔酸酯的合成方法改进

以二异丙胺对乙酰乙酸乙酯进行氨解,得到N,N-二异丙基乙酰基乙酰胺1, 1再与3-溴丙炔进行亲核取代,得到α-和γ-两种取代物2和3。3经水解与酯化一步生成目标化合物3-氧代-6-庚炔酸甲酯3a, 3步反应总收率达到43.3%,产物结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR以及MS确证。改进后的3-氧代-6-庚炔酸酯合成方法避免了使用强腐蚀性的二异丙基氨基锂和超低温（-78℃）反应温度,操作处理简单、反应条件温和,同时提高了亲核取代反应的区域选择性。      

SBA-15固定化黑曲霉脂肪酶对柚皮苷的区域选择性酰化

柚皮苷(Naringin)是一种天然存在的生物类黄酮,分布于较多种类的水果和蔬菜中,具有抗癌症、抗氧化和保护心血管等多种生物活性。但因其较差的生物利用率致使其深度开发和临床治疗应用面临着严重阻碍。为了提高柚皮苷的生物利用价值,采用SBA-15固定化黑曲霉脂肪酶(Aspergillus niger lipase, ANL)对柚皮苷进行了酶法转化研究。系统考察了在非水相有机介质中固定化ANL催化柚皮苷酰基化反应的酶活及区域选择性的影响因素。结果表明：酰基供体、反应溶剂、水活度及反应温度对柚皮苷的酰化反应具有不同程度的影响。在最佳催化条件下,酶活最高(153±5μmol·h^-1·g^-1),酶转化率可达92.00%±2.43%,且固定化ANL对柚皮苷的C-6′位置具有区域选择性(>99%)。     

大孔阴离子树脂分离纯化微生物转化液中5-氟尿苷的研究

探寻从微生物转化液中分离纯化5-氟尿苷(5-FUR)的工艺条件。先后尝试了大孔吸附树脂、大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂以及硅胶柱色谱的分离方法,首先利用大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附,然后用1mol/L NaCl动态洗脱得到含量较高的两种含氟化合物,最终通过硅胶柱色谱,采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(含10%醋酸)为流动相进行洗脱,得到了纯度为100%的纯品。在目标化合物和杂质理化性质极其相似,含量极其悬殊的条件下,成功去除含量极高的杂质,实现了5-FUR的分离纯化,圆满地达到了预期的目的。     

5'-脱氧-5'-氟-5-氟尿核苷的合成和性质

叙述了5'-脱氧-5'-氟尿核苷和5'-脱氧-5'-氟-5-氟尿核苷的合成, 并比较了它们以及尿核苷和5-氟尿核苷的一些性质。     

Enzymatic synthesis of medium-chain triglycerides in a solvent-free system

The synthesis of tricaprylin, tricaprin, trilaurin, and trimyristin in a solvent-freesystem was conducted by mixing a commercial immobilized lipase (Lipozyme IM 20, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) with the organic reactants (glycerol and fatty acids) in a 20-mL batch reactor with constant stirring. In a first set of experiments, the effect of water concentration (0–6%) on the reaction conversion was shown to be negligible. In a second set of experiments, the effects of temperature (70–90°C), fatty acid/glycerol molar ratio (1–5), and enzyme concentration (1–9%[w/w]) on the reaction conversion were determined by the application of a 3×3 experimental design. The reactions were carried out for 26 h and the nonpolar phase was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Appreciable levels of medium-chain triglycerides were achieved, except for tricaprylin. For the triglyceride production, higher selectivity was attained under the following conditions: molar ratio of 5, enzyme concentration of 5 or 9% (w/w) and temperatures of 70°C (Tricaprin), 80°C (trilaurin), and 90°C (trimyristin). Statistical analysis indicated that the fatty acid/glycerol molar ratio was the most significant variable affecting the synthesis of triglycerides.     

Strategies in lipase production by immobilizedCandida rugosa cells

Growing cells ofCandida rugosa immobilized in polymethacrylamide-hydrazide and polyurethane foam were employed in fluidized and packed bed reactors, for discontinuous and continuous fermentations to obtain extracellular lipase. In spite of hydrodynamic problems, fermentation cultures using polyurethane foam showed higher lipolytic activity than cultures employing polymethacrylamide-hydrazide beads, which was probably owing to the high immobilized biomass concentration in polyurethane observed by direct microscopy enumeration. Different oleic acid concentrations were assayed. The maximum level of lipase was achieved at 4 g/L of oleic acid. These results reaffirm that lipase production is a direct function of cell-substrate contact and that the organic substrate dispersion is important in this system.     

Enzymatic synthesis of medium chain monoglycerides in a solvent-free system

The synthesis of monocaprin, monolaurin, and monomyristin in a solvent-free system was conducted by mixing a commercial immobilized lipase with the organic reactants (glycerol and fatty acids) in a 20-mL batch reactor with constant stirring. The effects of temperature, fatty acid/glycerol molar ratio, and enzyme concentration on the reaction conversion were determined. The addition of molecular sieves in the assays of monomyristin synthesis was also evaluated. The reactions were carried out for 5 to 6 h and the nonpolar phase was analyzed by gas chromatography. The best results in terms of selectivity and conversion (defined as the percentage of fatty acid consumed) were achieved when the stoichiometric amount of reagents (molar ratio=1) and 9% (w/w) commercial enzyme were used and the reaction was performed at 60°C. The addition of molecular sieves did not improve the synthesis of monomyristin. Conversions as high as 80%, with monoglycerides being the major products, were attained. After 5 h of reaction, the concentration of monoglyceride was about twice that of diglyceride, and only trace amounts of triglyceride were found. The results illustrate the technical possibility of producing medium chain monoglycerides in a solvent-free medium using a simple batch reactor.     

核苷羧酸酯类化合物的酶法合成及其应用

核苷羧酸酯是一类在有机合成、核苷化学以及医药等领域具有重要应用价值的化合物. 近年来, 该类化合物的酶法合成以其绿色、高效、高选择性等优点而成为新的研究热点. 综述了近年来该领域的研究进展.     

苯在固定床反应器内电解制备对苯二醌

苯在固定电化学反应氧制备对苯二醌，阳极和阴极分别为多孔铅合金和铅粒。是解液是１ｍｏｌ／ｌ硫酸水溶液，苯分散于电解液中。最佳电解条件：电解液流速ｕ＝０．１９ｍ．ｓ＾－１，反应器厚度Ｌ＝１０ｍｍ，电极电位Ｅ＝１．６Ｖ，电流Ｉ＝１０Ａ和苯含量ＣＢ＝２４％，电流效率ＣＥ是６２．９％。     

分子量及酰基供体对酶促魔芋葡甘聚糖酰化反应的影响

研究了在有机介质叔丁醇中魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)的分子量及酰基供体对固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435催化KGM乙酰化反应的影响.KGM的分子量对酶促其酰化反应的活性及产物取代度有显著影响.随着KGM分子量的增大,酶催化反应的速率逐渐下降,产物的取代度逐渐减小.KGM分子量对该反应的影响与不同分子量KGM的溶解度、体系粘度、空间位阻及颗粒形态等因素有关.以不同链长的脂肪酸乙烯酯为酰基供体时,随着酰基供体中脂肪酸碳链的增长,酶促KGM酰化反应速率逐渐下降,产物的取代度逐渐减小,且该酰化反应具有高度的区域选择性,反应均发生在C6-OH上.     

Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization and Dissociative Photoionization of Capecitabine, 50-Deoxy-5-'uorocytidine,and 50-Deoxy-5-'uorouridine

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and dissociative photoionization of capecitabine and its metabolites, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5'-DFCR) and 50-deoxy-5- fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), were investigated with infrared laser desorption/tunable synchrotron VUV pho-toionization mass spectrometry. Molecular ions (M+) with small amounts of fragments can be found for these compounds at relatively low photon energies, while more fragment ions would be produced by increasing the photon energies. (M-H₂O)⁺, (base+H)⁺, (base+2H)⁺,(base+30)⁺, (base+60)⁺, and sugar moiety were proposed for these nucleoside drugs with similar backbones. Decomposition channels for the major fragments were discussed in de-tail. Moreover, ab initio calculations were introduced to study the dehydration pathways of three fluoro-nucleosides. Corresponding appearance energies for the (M-H₂O)⁺ ions were computed.     

1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones with 5-Methylenehydantoins: Synthesis and Transformation of New Spirohydantoin Derivatives

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of various acyclic nitrones with 5-methylenehydantoin derivatives afforded new chiral spiroadducts in good yields. All the spirohydantoins were obtained through a regio- and stereospecific pathway, and the spirocarbon atom was linked to the isoxazolidine oxygen atom. A representative example of the reduction of the spirohydantoin 8 with Zn/AcOH led to the substituted 1,3-aminoalcohol hydantoin 20.     

Enzymatic Synthesis of a CCK-8 Tripeptide Fragment

A process for the synthesis of CCK-8 tripeptide H-Gly-Trp-Met-OH catalyzed by immobilized enzyme was reported. Enzymes were used for the formation of peptide bonds and the removal of protecting group. Starting with phenylacetyl (PhAc) glycin, N-protected dipeptide PhAc-Gly-Trp-OMe was obtained by coupling PhAc-protected glycine carboxamidomethyl ester (OCam) with Trp-OMe catalyzed by immobilized papain in buffered ethyl acetate. Then the condensation between PhAc-Gly-Trp-OMe and Met-OEtoHC1 was carried out by immobilized α-chymotrypsin catalysis in solvent free system. Basic hydrolysis was followed getting PhAc-Gly-Trp-Met-OH. The PhAc-group was removed with penicillin G amidase and H-Gly-Trp-Met-OH was obtained in an overall yield of 43.9%. The reaction conversion of tripeptide in solvent free system was strongly affected by the system of basic salts added. The influence of the support materials used to deposit enzymes and structures of acyl donor and nucleophile on the reaction was also investigated.