共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Paul Benioff 《Foundations of Physics》1973,3(3):359-379
In this work, quantum theories are considered which consist in essence of a map from state preparation proceduresw to states and a map from decision proceduresQ to probability operator measures. Two definitions of validity, similar to that given elsewhere, are given and compared for these theories. One definition is given in terms of one carrying out of somew followed by someQ, denoted by(Q, w). The other is given in terms of infinite repetitions(Q, w) ofw followed byQ. Both definitions are discussed in terms of the comparison of limit empirical means with theoretical expectation values. Particular attention is given to the use of outcome sequences of(Q, w) and of(Q, w) to determine properties of the probability measures the physical theory assigns to each(Q, w) in its domain.Based on work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. 相似文献
2.
M. W. Kalinowski 《Fortschritte der Physik》1986,34(6):361-396
In the paper we construct the nonsymmetric Jordan-Thiry theory unifying Moffat's theory of gravitation, the Yang-Mills' field, the Higgs' fields and scalar forces in a geometric manner. We discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking, the Higgs' mechanism and mass generation in the theory. The scalar field Ψ (as in classical Jordan-Thiry theory) is connected to the effective gravitational constant. This field is massive and has Yukawa-type behavior. We discuss the relation between R+ invariance and U(1)F from G. U. T. within Einstein λ-transformation, and fermion number conservation. In this way we connect W μ-field from nonsymmetric theory of gravitation with a gauge field A from G. U. T. We derive the equation of motion for a test particle from conservation laws in the hydrodynamic limit. 相似文献
3.
The differential algebra on the fuzzy sphere is constructed by applying Connes' scheme. The U(1) gauge theory on the fuzzy sphere based on this differential algebra is defined. The local U(1) gauge transformation on the fuzzy sphere is identified with the left U(N+1) transformation of the field, where a field is a bimodule over the quantized algebra . The interaction with a complex scalar field is also given.
Received: 21 January 1998 / Accepted: 4 February 2000 相似文献
4.
J. Klusoň S. Nojiri S. D. Odintsov D. Sáez-Gómez 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2011,71(7):1690
This paper is devoted to the study of various aspects of projectable F(R) Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity. We show that some versions of F(R) HL gravity may have stable de Sitter solution and unstable flat-space solution. In this case, the problem of scalar graviton
does not appear because flat space is not vacuum state. Generalizing the U(1) HL theory proposed in , we formulate U(1) extension of scalar theory and of F(R) Hořava–Lifshitz gravity. The Hamiltonian approach for such the theory is developed in full detail. It is demonstrated that
its Hamiltonian structure is the same as for the non-relativistic covariant HL gravity. The spectrum analysis performed around
the flat background indicates the consistency of the theory because it contains a graviton with only transverse polarization.
Finally, we analyze the spatially flat FRW equations for U(1) invariant F(R) Hořava–Lifshitz gravity. 相似文献
5.
A phase diagram of pinned soliton structures in two dimensions has been found for a repulsive interactionU(x) between solitons withU(x)>0. The critical fugacity of the commensurate soliton structure is shown to be proportional toU(l), wherel is the period of this structure. 相似文献
6.
A mixed problem for the compact U(m) vector nonlinear Schrödinger model with an arbitrary sign of coupling constant is exactly solved. It is shown that a new class of solutions—composite U(σ+μ) vector solitons with inelastic interaction (changing shape without energy loss) at σ>1 and strictly elastic interaction at σ=1— exists for m≥3. These solitons are color structures consisting of σ bright and μ dark solitons (σ+μ=m) and capable of existing in both self-focusing and defocusing media. The N-soliton formula universal for attraction and repulsion is derived by the Hirota method. 相似文献
7.
A quantum algebraU
p, q (,H,X
±) associated with a nonstandardR-matrix with two deformation parameters (p, q) is studied and, in particular, its universal -matrix is derived using Reshetikhin's method. Explicit construction of the (p, q)-dependent nonstandardR-matrix is obtained through a coloured generalized boson realization of the universal -matrix of the standardU
p, q(gl(2)) corresponding to a nongeneric case. General finite dimensional coloured representation of the universal -matrix ofU
p, q(gl(2)) is also derived. This representation, in nongeneric cases, becomes a source for various (p, q)-dependent nonstandardR-matrices. Superization ofU
p, q(,H,X
±) leads to the super-Hopf algebraU
p, q(gl(1/1)). A contraction procedure then yields a (p, q)-deformed super-Heisenberg algebraU
p, q(sh(1)) and its universal -matrix. 相似文献
8.
We derive iterated Mayer expansions for classical gases and establish recursive bounds which control their convergence. These bounds are useful for gases with two body forces which are strong and possibly attractive at distances that are short compared to their range. Our procedure is based on splitting the potential into pieces of decreasing strength and increasing range. This may be called a renormalization group treatment of a classical gas. We apply our results to Yukawa lattice gas models and obtain convergence of series expansions for the pressure for a range of parameters (temperature, fugacities, range of the interaction) that was inaccessible before. Application to 3-dimensionalU(1) lattice gauge theory (Coulomb gas,Z-ferromagnet) will be made elsewhere.Work supported in part by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 相似文献
9.
A. Foussats E. Manavella C. Repetto O. P. Zandron O. S. Zandron 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1996,35(8):1679-1698
We construct a supersymmetric gauge model describing the electromagnetic interaction of anyons. This is done by means of the
supersymmetric generalization of theU(1) ×U(1) gauge theory. The model contains the statisticalU(1) gauge field endowed with a Chern-Simons mass term and the electromagnetic field, both with the corresponding superpartners,
coupled to matter fields. This constrained system is analyzed from the Hamiltonian point of view and the canonical quantization
is found. The path-integral method is used to develop the perturbative formalism. We define suitable propagators and vertices
and give the diagrammatics and the Feynman rules. 相似文献
10.
By mapping a Hubbard-like model describing a two-component polymer in the presence of strong enough electron-phonon interactions (κ) onto the system of two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with U(2) symmetry group, some nontrivial correlations between topological solitons mediated charge Q and spin S degrees of freedom are obtained. Namely, in addition to a charge fractionalization and reentrant like behavior of both Q(κ) and S(κ), the model also predicts a decrease of soliton velocity with κ as well as spin-charge conversion effects which manifest themselves through an explicit S(Q,Ω) dependence (with Ω being a mixing angle between spin-up and spin-down electron amplitudes). A possibility to observe the predicted effects in low-dimensional systems with charge and spin soliton carriers is discussed. 相似文献
11.
We seek an interpretation of the U(1) part of the electroweak symmetry group in terms of the quantum number B ? L. We show that the electroweak symmetry group, for which U(1) can be interpreted as a local B ? L symmetry, is the left-right symmetry group SU(2)L × SU(2)R × U(1)L+R. The equating of UL+R(1) to UB?L(1) should lead to physical consequences which are not shared by standard gauge theory. B ? L may also help to explain the inversion of quark and lepton mass spectra. 相似文献
12.
M. Lüscher 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》1982,85(1):39-48
Non-Abelian gauge fields on a four-dimensional hypercubic lattice with small action density [Tr{U(
)} for SU(2) gauge fields] are shown to carry an integer topological chargeQ, which is invariant under continuous deformations of the field. A concrete expression forQ is given and it is verified thatQ reduces to the familiar Chern number in the classical continuum limit.Work supported in part by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds 相似文献
13.
Nonlinear optics confronts the U(1) theory of electrodynamics with the dilemma of the existence of nonlinear fields. The U(1) group is completely linear and Abelian and causes consideration of an SU(2) theory of electrodynamics. An SU(2) theory of electrodynamics, with a B
3 magnetic field, means that physics is forced to consider an SU(2) × SU(2) electroweak theory. It is then demonstrated that the B
3 field exists on the physical vacuum defined by the Higgs symmetry breaking of this extended electroweak theory. 相似文献
14.
The dilepton production and the asymmetry parameters in PP and P collisions including the effects of neutral currents are calculated in the SUL(2) × SUR(2) × UL+R(1) theory. Distinctions from the predictions of the SU(2)L × U(1)-theory are noted. 相似文献
15.
The paper examines the emergence of gauge fields during the evolution of a particle with a spin that is described by a matrix Hamiltonian with n different eigenvalues. It is shown that by introducing a spin gauge field a particle with a spin can be described as a spin multiplet of scalar particles situated in a non-Abelian pure gauge (forceless) field U (n). As the result, one can create a theory of particle evolution that is gauge-invariant with regards to the group Un (1). Due to this, in the adiabatic (Abelian) approximation the spin gauge field is an analogue of n electromagnetic fields U (1) on the extended phase space of the particle. These fields are force ones, and the forces of their action enter the particle motion equations that are derived in the paper in the general form. The motion equations describe the topological spin transport, pumping, and splitting. The Berry phase is represented in this theory analogously to the Dirac phase of a particle in an electromagnetic field. Due to the analogy with the electromagnetic field, the theory becomes natural in the four-dimensional form. Besides the general theory, the article considers a number of important particular examples, both known and new. 相似文献
16.
Bogdan Andrei Bernevig Chyh-Hong Chern Jiang-Ping Hu Nicolaos Toumbas Shou-Cheng Zhang 《Annals of Physics》2002,300(2):185-207
We derive an effective topological field theory model of the four dimensional quantum Hall liquid state recently constructed by Zhang and Hu. Using a generalization of the flux attachment transformation, the effective field theory can be formulated as a U(1) Chern–Simons theory over the total configuration space CP3, or as a SU(2) Chern–Simons theory over S4. The new quantum Hall liquid supports various types of topological excitations, including the 0-brane (particles), the 2-brane (membranes), and the 4-brane. There is a topological phase interaction among the membranes which generalizes the concept of fractional statistics. 相似文献
17.
A classical nonrelativistic U(1)×U(1) gauge field model that describes the topologically massive electromagnetic interaction of composite particles in (2+1)
dimensions is proposed. The model, generalization of a previously postulated one, contains a Chern-Simons U(1) field and the topologically massive electromagnetic U(1) field, and it uses both a composite boson system or a composite fermion one. The second case is considered explicitly.
By using the Dirac Hamiltonian method for constrained systems, the canonical quantization is carried out. By means of the
Faddeev-Senjanovic formalism, the path integral quantization is developed. Consequently, the Feynman rules are established
and the diagrammatic structure is treated. The application of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin algorithm is discussed. The present
and previous models are compared. 相似文献
18.
By generalizing a model previously proposed, a classical nonrelativistic U(1)×U(1) gauge field model for the electromagnetic interaction of composite particles in (2+1) dimensions is constructed. The model
contains a Chern–Simons U(1) field and the electromagnetic U(1) field, and it describes both a composite boson system or a composite fermion one. The second case is considered explicitly.
The model includes a topological mass term for the electromagnetic field and interaction terms between the gauge fields. By
following the Dirac Hamiltonian formalism for constrained systems, the canonical quantization for the model is realized. By
developing the path integral quantization method through the Faddeev–Senjanovic algorithm, the Feynman rules of the model
are established and its diagrammatic structure is discussed. The Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin formalism is applied to the model.
The obtained results are compared with the ones corresponding to the previous model. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics》2013,20(2):114-119
Abstract A (p, q)-analog of two-dimensional conformally invariant field theory based on the quantum algebra Upq (su(1, 1)) is proposed. The representation of the algebra Upq (su(1, 1)) on the space of quasi-primary fields is given. The (p, q)-deformed Ward identities of conformal field theory are defined. The two- and three-point correlation functions of quasi-primary fields are calculated. 相似文献
20.
Eckehard W. Mielke Franz E. Schunck Humberto H. Peralta 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2002,34(11):1919-1930
Within standard Newtonian gravity, galactic dark matter is modelled by a scalar field in order to effectively modify Kepler's law. In particular, we show that a solvable toy model with a self-interaction U() borrowed from non-topological solitons produces already qualitatively correct rotation curves. Although relativistic effects in the halo are very small, we indicate corrections arising from the general relativistic formulation. 相似文献