方波脉冲法制备Cu_2O@Cu/TiO_2三维阵列纳米复合材料及其作为高灵敏无酶型葡萄糖传感器的研究

采用阳极氧化法制备了TiO_2三维阵列纳米管(TiO_2 NTAs),再利用方波脉冲法在TiO_2 NTAs表面电沉积Cu薄膜,经过煅烧处理后得到Cu_2O@Cu/TiO_2 NTAs纳米复合材料。X-射线衍射仪(XRD)测试表明该材料中Cu和Cu_2O共存。扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析显示,TiO_2管壁的外表面均匀生长Cu_2O,选区电子衍射结果表明该纳米复合材料为混晶材料。差分脉冲伏安法表明,Cu_2O@Cu/TiO_2 NTAs在+0.56 V处出现明显的葡萄糖氧化峰,表明该纳米复合材料对葡萄糖具有强的电催化作用,可用于葡萄糖的测定。计时电流法得到葡萄糖的线性范围为0.19～3.5 mmol/L,灵敏度为372.0μA·L·mmol~(-1)·cm~(-2),检出限为3μmol/L。交流阻抗测得Cu_2O/TiO_2 NTAs的传荷阻抗为526.2Ω,Cu_2O@Cu/TiO_2 NTAs为1.8Ω,二者相差292倍,说明Cu作为中间过渡层降低了电子传导的传荷阻抗。将该电极用于血清中葡萄糖含量的检测,测试结果与医院测定结果无显著差异。Cu_2O@Cu/TiO_2 NTAs可作为一种灵敏度高、响应速度快、选择性较好的无酶型葡萄糖传感器。     

纳米Cu_2O/氮掺杂石墨烯复合修饰电极对多巴胺的电化学分析研究

本文通过化学还原法制备纳米Cu_2O/氮掺杂石墨烯(NG)复合材料,用于构建一种新型的多巴胺(DA)电化学传感器。采用X射线衍射法和扫描电镜对纳米Cu_2O/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料进行表征。在pH为7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,采用循环伏安法和计时电流法分别研究了DA在纳米Cu_2O/氮掺杂石墨烯复合修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极对DA表现出显著的电催化活性,且DA在修饰电极上的反应受吸附控制。在最佳实验条件下,催化电流与DA的浓度在0.5~700μmol/L之间呈线性关系(r=0.9943),检测限达0.17μmol/L。该修饰电极的选择性高、重复性和再现性好。方法用于实际样品中DA的检测,获得结果较好。     

基于CuO-NiO复合氧化物的无酶葡萄糖传感器

通过化学共沉淀法制备了CuO-NiO复合氧化物。在最优条件下,该复合物修饰玻碳电极对葡萄糖检测的线性范围为2×10-6~4.1×10-3mol/L;灵敏度为4116μA·L·mmol-1·cm-2;检测限为0.2μmol/L(S/N=3)。传感器可用于葡萄糖检测。     

RuO_2/MWNTs纳米复合材料用于无酶型葡萄糖传感器的研究

采用水热合成法在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)上负载了Ru O2纳米颗粒,并以Nafion为固定剂将复合材料修饰于玻碳电极的表面,制备了一种新型无酶型葡萄糖传感器。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电化学方法对复合材料进行表征,发现碳纳米管上的Ru O2为纳米级,分散均匀。该复合材料修饰的电极对葡萄糖响应电流明显,并且受抗坏血酸(AA)、多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)的干扰小。采用安培法测定葡萄糖,其线性范围为1.0×10-5~1.2×10-2 mol/L(R2=0.998),灵敏度41.826μA cm-2(mmol/L)-1,检测限2.2×10-5 mol/L(信噪比为3),响应时间5.2 s,具有较好的稳定性。     

碳纳米管纳米分子印迹聚合物传感器的制备及对血液中葡萄糖的测定

以葡萄糖为模板分子,通过电聚合邻苯二胺,在多壁碳纳米管修饰的GC电极表面制备了一种对葡萄糖具有选择性响应的分子印迹聚合薄膜传感器,优化了制备方法。通过循环伏安法(CV)和交流阻抗法对该分子印迹传感器对葡萄糖的响应性能进行了表征。在最优实验条件下,该印迹电极能在6.0~560.0μmol/L浓度范围内对葡萄糖进行检测,检出限为8.0×10~(-7) mol/L,并可在其他物质存在下选择性识别葡萄糖。此传感器可用于血液中葡萄糖的测定,加标回收率为98.5%~103.3%。     

Cu_2O多孔纳米微球修饰电极检测NADH

将超声化学法合成的具有较大孔径和表面积的Cu_2O多孔纳米微球和Nafion膜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)混合滴加到玻碳电极(GC)表面,制成Cu_2O/Nafion/DMF-GC修饰电极.在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)能在该修饰电极表面有效聚集,并在600 mV处出现灵敏的氧化峰.在不同的底液中pH值对检测影响较大,当pH=7.0时,检测效果最好,峰电流与NADH浓度在0.01～20 mmol·~(-1)范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.34 μmol·~(-1).将Cu_2O-GC和Cu_2O/Nafion/DMF-GC电极进行比较表明,Cu_2O/Nafion/DMF-GC电极具有更好的检测能力,且抗干扰性和稳定性好.     

电沉积纳米NiO_x无酶葡萄糖传感器的性能

利用电沉积法在ITO电极表面修饰了一薄层NiOx,通过循环伏安和计时电流等方法研究了该修饰电极的电化学特性。实验表明:该修饰电极对葡萄糖有良好的催化作用,对葡萄糖检测的线性范围为0.001~1.0 mmol/L,检出限为0.3μmol/L(S/N=3),灵敏度为65.26μA·(mmol/L)-1,响应时间为3 s。传感器可用于实际样品的测定。     

掺杂纳米普鲁士蓝溶胶-凝胶修饰葡萄糖生物传感器

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米普鲁士蓝微粒,将含纳米普鲁士蓝微粒的TiO2溶胶-凝胶固定在玻碳电极表面得到纳米普鲁士蓝修饰电极,该电极对H2O2产生灵敏的响应,线性范围为0．5～400μmoL／L,较常规普鲁士蓝修饰电极(线性范围为25～500μmol／L)灵敏。电极表面再用溶胶．凝胶法固定葡萄糖氧化酶后构建了葡萄糖生物传感器,响应范围0～20mmoL／L,葡萄糖氧化酶表观米氏常数为8．04mmoL／L。实验表明,该法适合于批量制作高灵敏和高重现性的生物传感器。     

聚4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚膜修饰玻碳电极测定过氧化氢

利用循环伏安法（-0.5～2.2 V）将4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)电聚合修饰到玻碳电极表面,制备了聚PAR膜过氧化氢（H2O2）传感器。 并采用循环伏安法和计时安培法研究了修饰电极的电化学性质和对H2O2的响应特性。 结果表明,PAR膜修饰电极在低的电位下对H2O2具有优异的电催化还原效应。 在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中(pH=8.0)用计时安培法对H2O2进行了测定（工作电位0.45 V）,响应电流与其浓度在2×10-5～1.76×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=-0.999 83,检测限(S/N=3)为3 μmol/L。该修饰电极灵敏度高、稳定性好、制备简单,在H2O2的测定中对抗坏血酸、尿酸和葡萄糖有较好的抗干扰性。     

氧化镍/聚苏木精修饰碳糊电极检测加替沙星

使用循环伏安法和恒电位法将聚苏木精和Ni O相继沉积至碳糊电极表面构建了Ni O/聚苏木精复合物修饰电极。运用电化学阻抗技术、循环伏安法探究了Ni O/聚苏木精复合物的表面形貌、组成及电化学性质。该修饰电极被用来检测抗菌药物加替沙星。相比裸碳糊电极,加替沙星在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电流分别提高了3倍,峰电位得到了负移。实验结果表明,加替沙星的线性范围是0.5~160μmol/L,检测限(S/N=3)为0.01μmol/L。相比其他检测技术,该修饰电极已用于实际样品中加替沙星检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.