On the minimal number of matrices which form a locally hypercyclic, non-hypercyclic tuple

In this paper we extend the notion of a locally hypercyclic operator to that of a locally hypercyclic tuple of operators. We then show that the class of hypercyclic tuples of operators forms a proper subclass to that of locally hypercyclic tuples of operators. What is rather remarkable is that in every finite dimensional vector space over R or C, a pair of commuting matrices exists which forms a locally hypercyclic, non-hypercyclic tuple. This comes in direct contrast to the case of hypercyclic tuples where the minimal number of matrices required for hypercyclicity is related to the dimension of the vector space. In this direction we prove that the minimal number of diagonal matrices required to form a hypercyclic tuple on Rn is n+1, thus complementing a recent result due to Feldman.     

Frequently dense orbits

We study the notion of frequent hypercyclicity that was recently introduced by Bayart and Grivaux. We show that frequently hypercyclic operators satisfy the Hypercyclicity Criterion, answering a question of Bayart and Grivaux [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., in press]. We also disprove a conjecture therein concerning frequently hypercyclic weighted shifts, and we prove that vectors which have a somewhere frequently dense orbit are frequently hypercyclic. To cite this article: K.-G. Grosse-Erdmann, A. Peris, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 341 (2005).     

Congruence of Hermitian matrices by Hermitian matrices

Two Hermitian matrices A,B∈M_n(C) are said to be Hermitian-congruent if there exists a nonsingular Hermitian matrix C∈M_n(C) such that B=CAC. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for two nonsingular simultaneously unitarily diagonalizable Hermitian matrices A and B to be Hermitian-congruent. Moreover, when A and B are Hermitian-congruent, we describe the possible inertias of the Hermitian matrices C that carry the congruence. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for any 2-by-2 nonsingular Hermitian matrices to be Hermitian-congruent. In both of the studied cases, we show that if A and B are real and Hermitian-congruent, then they are congruent by a real symmetric matrix. Finally we note that if A and B are 2-by-2 nonsingular real symmetric matrices having the same sign pattern, then there is always a real symmetric matrix C satisfying B=CAC. Moreover, if both matrices are positive, then C can be picked with arbitrary inertia.     

Congruence Criteria for Finite Subsets of Quaternionic Elliptic and Quaternionic Hyperbolic Spaces

We investigate congruence classes of m-tuples of points in the quaternionic elliptic space ?P ⁿ . We establish a canonical bijection between the set of congruence classes of m-tuples of points in ?P ⁿ and the set of equivalence classes of positive semidefinite Hermitian m×m matrices of rank at most n+1 with the 1's on the diagonal. We show that with each m-tuple of points in ?P ⁿ is associated a tuple of points on the real unit sphere S ². Then we get that the congruence class of an m-tuple of points in ?P ⁿ is determined by the congruence classes of all its triangles and by the direct congruence class of the associated tuple on the sphere S ² provided that no pair of points of the m-tuple has distance π/2. Finally we carry out the same kind of investigation for the quaternionic hyperbolic space ?H ⁿ . Most of the results are completely analogous, although there are also some interesting differences.     

Hypercyclic subspaces for Fréchet space operators

A continuous linear operator is hypercyclic if there is an x∈X such that the orbit {Tnx} is dense, and such a vector x is said to be hypercyclic for T. Recent progress show that it is possible to characterize Banach space operators that have a hypercyclic subspace, i.e., an infinite dimensional closed subspace H⊆X of, except for zero, hypercyclic vectors. The following is known to hold: A Banach space operator T has a hypercyclic subspace if there is a sequence (ni) and an infinite dimensional closed subspace E⊆X such that T is hereditarily hypercyclic for (ni) and Tni→0 pointwise on E. In this note we extend this result to the setting of Fréchet spaces that admit a continuous norm, and study some applications for important function spaces. As an application we also prove that any infinite dimensional separable Fréchet space with a continuous norm admits an operator with a hypercyclic subspace.     

Common hypercyclic vectors for the conjugate class of a hypercyclic operator

Given a separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space, it was recently shown by the authors that there is a path of chaotic operators, which is dense in the operator algebra with the strong operator topology, and along which every operator has the exact same dense Gδ set of hypercyclic vectors. In the present work, we show that the conjugate set of any hypercyclic operator on a separable, infinite dimensional Banach space always contains a path of operators which is dense with the strong operator topology, and yet the set of common hypercyclic vectors for the entire path is a dense Gδ set. As a corollary, the hypercyclic operators on such a Banach space form a connected subset of the operator algebra with the strong operator topology.     

Hypercyclicity and unimodular point spectrum

We show that an operator on a separable complex Banach space with sufficiently many eigenvectors associated to eigenvalues of modulus 1 is hypercyclic. We apply this result to construct hypercyclic operators with prescribed K_σ unimodular point spectrum. We show how eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues can be used to exhibit common hypercyclic vectors for uncountable families of operators, and prove that the family of composition operators C_? on H²(D), where ? is a disk automorphism having +1 as attractive fixed point, has a residual set of common hypercyclic vectors.     

Invariant manifolds of hypercyclic vectors for the real scalar case

We show that every hypercyclic operator on a real locally convex vector space admits a dense invariant linear manifold of hypercyclic vectors.

     

Jensen’s inequality for operators without operator convexity

We give Jensen’s inequality for n-tuples of self-adjoint operators, unital n-tuples of positive linear mappings and real valued continuous convex functions with conditions on the bounds of the operators. We also study operator quasi-arithmetic means under the same conditions.     

Hypercyclic Pairs of Coanalytic Toeplitz Operators

A pair of commuting operators, (A,B), on a Hilbert space is said to be hypercyclic if there exists a vector such that {A ⁿ B ^k x : n, k ≥ 0} is dense in . If f, g ∈H ^∞(G) where G is an open set with finitely many components in the complex plane, then we show that the pair (M ^* _f , M ^* _g ) of adjoints of multiplcation operators on a Hilbert space of analytic functions on G is hypercyclic if and only if the semigroup they generate contains a hypercyclic operator. However, if G has infinitely many components, then we show that there exists f, g ∈H ^∞(G) such that the pair (M ^* _f , M ^* _g ) is hypercyclic but the semigroup they generate does not contain a hypercyclic operator. We also consider hypercyclic n-tuples.     

Weak* Hypercyclicity and Supercyclicity of Shifts on ℓ∞

We study hypercyclicity and supercyclicity of weighted shifts on ℓ^∞, with respect to the weak * topology. We show that there exist bilateral shifts that are weak * hypercyclic but fail to be weak * sequentially hypercyclic. In the unilateral case, a shift T is weak * hypercyclic if and only if it is weak * sequentially hypercyclic, and this is equivalent to T being either norm, weak, or weak-sequentially hypercyclic on c₀ or ℓ^p (1 ≤ p < ∞). We also show that the set of weak * hypercyclic vectors of any unilateral or bilateral shift on ℓ^∞ is norm nowhere dense. Finally, we show that ℓ^∞ supports an isometry that is weak * sequentially supercyclic.     

Hypercyclic Subspaces on Fréchet Spaces Without Continuous Norm

Known results about hypercyclic subspaces concern either Fréchet spaces with a continuous norm or the space ω. We fill the gap between these spaces by investigating Fréchet spaces without continuous norm. To this end, we divide hypercyclic subspaces into two types: the hypercyclic subspaces M for which there exists a continuous seminorm p such that ${M \cap {\rm ker} p = \{0\}}$ and the others. For each of these types of hypercyclic subspaces, we establish some criteria. This investigation permits us to generalize several results about hypercyclic subspaces on Fréchet spaces with a continuous norm and about hypercyclic subspaces on ω. In particular, we show that each infinite-dimensional separable Fréchet space supports a mixing operator with a hypercyclic subspace.     

Potentially nilpotent and spectrally arbitrary even cycle sign patterns

An n × n sign pattern S_n is potentially nilpotent if there is a real matrix having sign pattern S_n and characteristic polynomial xⁿ. A new family of sign patterns C_n with a cycle of every even length is introduced and shown to be potentially nilpotent by explicitly determining the entries of a nilpotent matrix with sign pattern C_n. These nilpotent matrices are used together with a Jacobian argument to show that C_n is spectrally arbitrary, i.e., there is a real matrix having sign pattern C_n and characteristic polynomial for any real μ_i. Some results and a conjecture on minimality of these spectrally arbitrary sign patterns are given.     

On a characterization of tridiagonal matrices by M. Fiedler

In this note two new proofs are given of the following characterization theorem of M. Fiedler: Let C_n, n?2, be the class of all symmetric, real matrices A of order n with the property that rank (A + D) ? n - 1 for any diagonal real matrix D. Then for any A ε C_n there exists a permutation matrix P such that PAP^T is tridiagonal and irreducible.     

Characterizations of products of symmetric matrices

Characterizations are obtained for matrices C of the form C = AΣ, where A, Σ are n×n matrices over the real field such that A is symmetric and C is nonnegative definite. Among others, a proof of recent generalization of Cochran's theorem is given.     

Invariant measures for frequently hypercyclic operators

We investigate frequently hypercyclic and chaotic linear operators from a measure-theoretic point of view. Among other things, we show that any frequently hypercyclic operator T acting on a reflexive Banach space admits an invariant probability measure with full support, which may be required to vanish on the set of all periodic vectors for T  ; that there exist frequently hypercyclic operators on the sequence space _c0$c_0$ admitting no ergodic measure with full support; and that if an operator admits an ergodic measure with full support, then it has a comeager set of distributionally irregular vectors. We also give some necessary and sufficient conditions (which are satisfied by all the known chaotic operators) for an operator T to admit an invariant measure supported on the set of its hypercyclic vectors and belonging to the closed convex hull of its periodic measures. Finally, we give a Baire category proof of the fact that any operator with a perfectly spanning set of unimodular eigenvectors admits an ergodic measure with full support.     

Linear semigroups with coarsely dense orbits

Let S be a finitely generated abelian semigroup of invertible linear operators on a finite-dimensional real or complex vector space V. We show that every coarsely dense orbit of S is actually dense in V. More generally, if the orbit contains a coarsely dense subset of some open cone C in V, then the closure of the orbit contains the closure of C. In the complex case the orbit is then actually dense in V. For the real case we give precise information about the possible cases for the closure of the orbit.     

On representation of Stinespring’s type for n-tuples of completely positive maps in Hilbert C ⋆-modules

Here we prove an analog of the Stinespring’s theorem for n-tuples of completely positive maps in Hilbert C ^?-modules.