CH自由基和NO~2反应研究: II.反应的动力学计算

采用MP2(FULL)/6-31G(d)方法从动力学计算上探讨了CH自由基与NO~2反应的可能途径,找到了反应物,中间体及产物之间的能量通道和过渡态,报道了它们的构型、电子态及能量。并通过频率分析和IRC方法对所有的过渡态进行了验证。在此基础上求出了各步反应的活化能。在以前热力学研究的基础上,对于可能的反应通道进一步作了动力学分析,找到了反应主产物通道的分支比,与实验得到的分支比基本吻合。     

CH自由基和NO2反应研究Ⅱ.反应的动力学计算

采用MP2(FULL)/6-31G(d)方法从动力学计算上探讨了CH自由基与NO2反应的可能途径,找到了反应物,中间体及产物之间的能量通道和过渡态,报道了它们的构型、电子态及能量.并通过频率分析和IRC方法对所有的过渡态进行了验证.在此基础上求出了各步反应的活化能.在以前热力学研究的基础上,对于可能的反应通道进一步作了动力学分析,找到了反应主产物通道的分支比,与实验得到的分支比基本吻合.     

Cl原子与CH2SH自由基反应机理及电子密度拓扑研究

采用MP2(Full)/6-311G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)找到了反应Cl＋CH₂SH→HCl＋CH₂S的两个可能的反应通道, 得到了各反应通道的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的优化构型、谐振频率. 对反应进程中若干关键点进行了电子密度拓扑分析, 讨论了反应进程中键的断裂、生成和化学键的变化规律, 找到了该反应的结构过渡区(结构过渡态)和能量过渡态, 发现了反应热与结构过渡区之间的关系.     

Cl原子与CH2SH自由基反应机理及电子密度拓扑研究

采用MP2(Full)/6-311G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)找到了反应Cl＋CH₂SH→HCl＋CH₂S的两个可能的反应通道, 得到了各反应通道的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的优化构型、谐振频率. 对反应进程中若干关键点进行了电子密度拓扑分析, 讨论了反应进程中键的断裂、生成和化学键的变化规律, 找到了该反应的结构过渡区(结构过渡态)和能量过渡态, 发现了反应热与结构过渡区之间的关系.     

C3H+与N反应的理论研究

用密度泛函方法在QCISD(T)／6—311 G^**//B3LYP／6—311G^*水平上研究了气相反应C3H^ N的反应机理．得到了不同能量产物的可能的反应通道，获得反应势能面．整个反应为多通道反应，经过多个步骤完成，共找到9个中间体和11个过渡态，产物C3H^ N(P2)为能量较低的产物，通道3：IM5→TS4→IM6→TS5→IM7→TS7→IM8→P2为较为可行的反应通道．     

CH2ClO与NO反应机理的理论研究

采用B3LYP,MP2方法在6-31 (d,p)和6-311 G(d,p)水平研究了CH2ClO自由基与NO反应的微观机理,找到了三个可能的反应通道.并得到了各反应通道的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的优化构型、谐振频率.成功地解释了Wu等的实验结论.从电子密度拓扑分析的角度,讨论了化学反应过程中化学键的变化规律,为实验研究大气化学反应提供理论依据.找到了该反应的结构过渡态(结构过渡区)和能量过渡态,发现了反应热与结构过渡区之间的关系.     

白藜芦醇清理羟基自由基夺氢机理的量子化学研究

在DFT方法的B3LYP/6-31G水平下, 对反式白藜芦醇分子的所有可能构象进行了优化, 并对最稳定构象进行了自然键轨道分析. 键级数据表明, 白藜芦醇清理羟基自由基最活泼反应位点应为其单羟基环上的羟基, 对产物白藜芦醇自由基的优化结果表明, 单羟基环氧自由基的稳定性最高. 在B3LYP/6-31G水平下寻找白藜芦醇单羟基环羟基清理羟基自由基的过渡态, 频率分析结果表明只存在一个虚频. 对该过渡态结构进行内禀反应坐标反应路径解析(IRC), 结果表明, 过渡态沿反应坐标方向分别指向反应物络合物和产物络合物, 反应通道各个能量驻点显示反应物与反应物络合物的能量差为E1=173.5193 kJ/mol, 反应物络合物与过渡态、反应物络合物与产物的能量差分别为Ea=16.5143 kJ/mol, E2=51.8799 kJ/mol. 可见反应物的能量远高于过渡态及产物, 因此, 反应物络合物的形成应是整个反应的驱动力.     

C_2h_3自由基与O_2反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学从头计算中UMP2(full)方法优化了C_2H_3自由基与O_2反应通道上 驻点（反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物）的几何构型，在Gaussian-3(G3)水平上计 算了它们的能量。在此基础上计算了该反应通道上各基元反应的反应活化能。通过 我们的研究发现，C_2H_3自由基与氧气反应存在着三元环、四元环和五元环反应机 理，且分别生成不同的产物，从反应活化能的计算结果扯CH_2O和CHO是反应的主要 产物，其次还可能生成CH_3 + CO_2, CH_2CO_2 + H, C_2H_2 + O_2H和COHCOH + H等产物，且它们生成几率逐渐减少，我们对生成产物CH_2O + CHO, CH_3 + CO_2, C_2H_2 + O_2H和COHCOH + H四条反应通道化学反应热的计算结果与实验吻 合较好。     

氧原子与二硫化碳反应的机理

用从头计算法、内禀反应坐标和电子密度拓扑分析方法研究了3P态氧原子与二硫化碳的反应.找到了分别形成CS SO,S OCS和S2 CO三个反应通道上的极小点和过渡态.采用UHF/631G进行几何构型优化,并在UMP2/631G水平上进行能量校正.三个反应通道上的稳定点和过渡态都经内禀反应坐标(IRC)跟踪得以确认,并用电子密度拓扑分析方法考察了反应过程中化学键的变化.计算结果表明,反应过程中所有稳定点和过渡态都具有Cs对称性,即对每个反应通道而言在整个反应过程中分子始终保持在同一平面内.在三个反应通道中,第一个反应通道O CS2→CS SO由于具有较小的活化能而更容易发生,与实验结果相一致.文中对反应机理进行了较详细的讨论.     

CH2ClO与NO反应机理的理论研究

采用B3LYP, MP2方法在6-31＋(d,p)和6-311＋＋G(d,p)水平研究了CH₂ClO自由基与NO反应的微观机理, 找到了三个可能的反应通道. 并得到了各反应通道的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的优化构型、谐振频率. 成功地解释了Wu等的实验结论. 从电子密度拓扑分析的角度, 讨论了化学反应过程中化学键的变化规律, 为实验研究大气化学反应提供理论依据. 找到了该反应的结构过渡态(结构过渡区)和能量过渡态, 发现了反应热与结构过渡区之间的关系.     

Cl+CH3OCl反应机理的理论研究

采用从头算方法,对多通道反应体系Cl+CH3OCl的反应机理进行了理论研究.在MP2/6-31+G(d,p)水平下优化了反应物、络合物、产物和过渡态的几何构型,并对得到的平衡几何构型进行了简谐振动频率分析.在相同水平下以过渡态为出发点,通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)理论计算了反应的最小能量路径.并且在MC-QCISD(T)/6-31G(d)高水平下进行了单点能量校正.研究结果表明,该反应存在4条可行的反应通道,其中生成HCl和CH2OCl的通道为主反应通道,其他反应通道为次反应通道.     

Addition reaction of adamantylideneadamantane with Br2 and 2Br2: a computational study

Ab initio calculations were carried out for the reaction of adamantylideneadamantane (Ad=Ad) with Br2 and 2Br2. Geometries of the reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products were optimized at HF and B3LYP levels of theory using the 6-31G(d) basis set. Energies were also obtained using single point calculations at the MP2/6-31G(d)//HF/6-31G(d), MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d), and B3LYP/6-31+G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels of theory. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations were performed to characterize the transition states on the potential energy surface. Only one pathway was found for the reaction of Ad=Ad with one Br2 producing a bromonium/bromide ion pair. Three mechanisms for the reaction of Ad=Ad with 2Br2 were found, leading to three different structural forms of the bromonium/Br3- ion pair. Activation energies, free energies, and enthalpies of activation along with the relative stability of products for each reaction pathway were calculated. The reaction of Ad=Ad with 2Br2 was strongly favored over the reaction with only one Br2. According to B3LYP/6-31G(d) and single point calculations at MP2, the most stable bromonium/Br3- ion pair would form spontaneously. The most stable of the three bromonium/Br3- ion pairs has a structure very similar to the observed X-ray structure. Free energies of activation and relative stabilities of reactants and products in CCl4 and CH2ClCH2Cl were also calculated with PCM using the united atom (UA0) cavity model and, in general, results similar to the gas phase were obtained. An optimized structure for the trans-1,2-dibromo product was also found at all levels of theory both in gas phase and in solution, but no transition state leading to the trans-1,2-dibromo product was obtained.     

单线态卡宾衍生物与臭氧反应机理的密度泛函数理论研究

用密度泛函理论中B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)水平上优化了单线态卡宾衍生物(CX~2,X=F,Cl,Br)与臭氧反应过程中驻点的几何构型,通过振动分析对反应过渡态和中间体构型进行确认,对单点进行了CCSD(T)/6-31G(d)计算,并进行了零点能(ZPE)校正,同时对反应绝对速率常数进行了理论计算,研究结果表明：相对CF~2和CCl~2而言CBr~2对臭氧的损耗较大,卡宾衍生物与臭氧反应过程均为强放热反应。     

COS与O2反应的密度泛函理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论（DFT）方法，对COS与O2的反应进行了理论研究．在UB3LYP／6—31G^＊，UB3LYP／6—311＋＋G^＊＊水平上，优化了反应势能面上各驻点（反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态）的几何构型，在UB3LYP／6—31G^＊水平上通过内禀反应坐标（IRC）计算和振动分析，对过渡态进行了确认．在CCSD（T）／6—311＋＋G（2d，2p）水平上进行了单点能量计算，并确定了反应机理．研究结果表明，反应主要产物为CO2和SO.     

Computational study of the deamination reaction of cytosine with H2O and OH-

The mechanism for the deamination reaction of cytosine with H(2)O and OH(-) to produce uracil was investigated using ab initio calculations. Optimized geometries of reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products were determined at RHF/6-31G(d), MP2/6-31G(d), and B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels and for anions at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level. Single-point energies were also determined at B3LYP/6-31+G(d), MP2/GTMP2Large, and G3MP2 levels of theory. Thermodynamic properties (DeltaE, DeltaH, and DeltaG), activation energies, enthalpies, and free energies of activation were calculated for each reaction pathway that was investigated. Intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis was performed to characterize the transition states on the potential energy surface. Two pathways for deamination with H(2)O were found, a five-step mechanism (pathway A) and a two-step mechanism (pathway B). The activation energy for the rate-determining steps, the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate for pathway A and the formation of the uracil tautomer for pathway B, are 221.3 and 260.3 kJ/mol, respectively, at the G3MP2 level of theory. The deamination reaction by either pathway is therefore unlikely because of the high barriers that are involved. Two pathways for deamination with OH(-) were also found, and both of them are five-step mechanisms. Pathways C and D produce an initial tetrahedral intermediate by adding H(2)O to deprotonated cytosine which then undergoes three conformational changes. The final intermediate dissociates to product via a 1-3 proton shift. Deamination with OH(-), through pathway C, resulted in the lowest activation energy, 148.0 kJ/mol, at the G3MP2 level of theory.     

DFT研究SiN与ClO反应的产物通道

利用量子化学从头算和密度泛函理论(DFT)对SiN和ClO反应机理进行了理论研究.在B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型;通过频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算对过渡态与反应物和产物的连接关系进行确认.在CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ水平上对各物种的能量进行校正,得到了反应势能面.计算结果表明：该反应体系存在单态和三态势能面,其中单态势能面上反应通道(1)和(2)是主反应通道,P4为主产物.     

NCS自由基与NO反应动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31+G^*和高级电子相关校正的偶合簇[CCSD(T)/6-311+G^*]方法,对NCS自由基与NO反应的机理和动力学进行了理论研究,得到了体系的势能面信息和可能的反应机理.计算了反应的热力学参数及反应能垒.采用传统过渡态理论计算了各反应通道的速率常数.研究结果表明,NCS自由基与NO反应中存在4个反应通道,产物分别为OCS+N₂,CS+N₂O,ONS+CN和ONCNS.从能量变化和反应速率两方面考虑,NCS+NOOCS+N₂应为主反应通道.     

Mechanistic study of the deamination reaction of guanine: a computational study

The mechanism for the deamination of guanine with H(2)O, OH(-), H(2)O/OH(-) and for GuaH(+) with H(2)O has been investigated using ab initio calculations. Optimized geometries of the reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products were determined at RHF/6-31G(d), MP2/6-31G(d), B3LYP/6-31G(d), and B3LYP/6-31+G(d) levels of theory. Energies were also determined at G3MP2, G3MP2B3, G4MP2, and CBS-QB3 levels of theory. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations were performed to characterize the transition states on the potential energy surface. Thermodynamic properties (ΔE, ΔH, and ΔG), activation energies, enthalpies, and Gibbs free energies of activation were also calculated for each reaction investigated. All pathways yield an initial tetrahedral intermediate and an intermediate in the last step that dissociates to products via a 1,3-proton shift. At the G3MP2 level of theory, deamination with OH(-) was found to have an activation energy barrier of 155 kJ mol(-1) compared to 187 kJ mol(-1) for the reaction with H(2)O and 243 kJ mol(-1) for GuaH(+) with H(2)O. The lowest overall activation energy, 144 kJ mol(-1) at the G3MP2 level, was obtained for the deamination of guanine with H(2)O/OH(-). Due to a lack of experimental results for guanine deamination, a comparison is made with those of cytosine, whose deamination reaction parallels that of guanine.     

DFT study on mechanism of the classical Biginelli reaction

The condensation of benzaldehyde, urea, and ethyl acetoacetate according to the procedure described by Biginelli was investigated at the B3LYP/6-31G（d）, B3LYP/6-31 ＋G（d,p）, and B3LYP/6-311＋G（3df,2p）//B3LYP/6-31＋G（d,p） levels to explore the reaction mechanism. According to the mechanism proposed by Kappe, structures of five intermediates were optimized and four transition states were found. The calculation results proved that the mechanism proposed by Kappe is right.     

CH2F自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

The reaction mechanism of CH2F radical with HNCO was investigated by density functional theory (DFT)at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. The geometries of the reactants, the intermediates, the transition states and the products were optimized. The transition states were verified through the vibration analysis.The relative energies were calculated at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. Seven feasible reaction pathways of the reaction were studied. The results indicate that the pathway (5) is the most favorable to occur, so it is the main pathway of the reaction.