Residues of some organophosphorus pesticides on and in fruits and vegetables available in Poland,an assessment based on the European union regulations and health assessment for human populations

Abstract

The use of organophosphorus pesticides is undeniably beneficial in agriculture and veterinary medicine, but their excessive use can pollute the environment, as well as contaminate foodstuffs. The objective of this study was to assess contamination of vegetables and fruits available in Poland by organophosphate pesticides (ethoprophos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, parathion-methyl, fenchlorphos, merfos,, as well as to assess a potential health risk posed to consumers. The pesticide content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The pesticides were detected in the peel and pulp of vegetables and fruits from Polish crops, as well as imported ones. Pesticide levels in most products were higher in the peel than in the pulp. Neither chlorpyrifos-methyl nor fenchlorphos were found in the material under study. Chlorpyrifos was the pesticide occurring in the highest levels in the peel of both vegetables (31?ng?·?g^?1 w.w.) and fruit (9.3?ng?·?g^?1 w.w.). The Maximum Residue Level (MRL) for parathion-methyl was exceeded in some samples of zucchini pulp of Spanish origin and in the peel of potato from Poland. But levels of other pesticides in the studied vegetables and fruits were significantly lower than the current MRLs. The assessment of consumer health risk showed a significantly lower Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) of pesticides under this study comparing to the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Moreover, the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was low with a maximum of 3.93?×?10^?2 for vegetables and 4.26?×?10^?3 for fruits. These estimated HQs were within the safe acceptable limits, indicating low risk to human populations from exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in the study area.     

Survey of low-level endocrine disrupting pesticides in food matrices in Slovakia

The search on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in non-fatty food was evaluated. A fast, high-throughput, accurate, multiresidue method for the analysis of selected EDC pesticides in fruit and vegetable food samples was developed. The QuEChERS technique was used for sample preparation. Fast GC-MS was performed with a narrow-bore capillary column and a quadrupole benchtop detector with electron ionization (EI) and negative chemical ionization (NCI). A part of the work was devoted to the comparison of NCI versus EI approach concerning the sensitivity of detection and to the study of selectivity enhancement in NCI mode. Matrix-matched standard solutions were utilized for calibration. The methods validation was performed. Fortification studies at 1, 5, 10 and 250?µg?kg^?1 for 35 pesticides in EI mode and 0.1, 1, 5 and 250?µg?kg^?1 for 28 pesticides in NCI mode were performed. Average recoveries for each fortification level ranged from 70 to 110% with >80% of recoveries between 90 and 110%. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were established at 5?µg?kg^?1 for EI and at 1?µg?kg^?1 for NCI mode, which is lower than the lowest maximum residue level (MRL) value set by the European Commission in fruit and vegetables. The developed and validated fast GC-MS method was successfully applied to the search of EDC pesticides at ultratrace concentration level in real fruit and vegetable samples in Slovakia. Thirty-four samples of 20 different commodities were analyzed. Seven samples contained residues of three or more EDCs pesticides.     

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge desorption mass spectrometry for rapid screening of pesticides in food

Flowing afterglow atmospheric pressure glow discharge tandem mass spectrometry (APGD-MS/MS) is used for the analysis of trace amounts of pesticides in fruit juices and on fruit peel. The APGD source was rebuilt after Andrade et al. (Andrade et al., Anal. Chem. 2008; 80: 2646-2653; 2654-2663) and mounted onto a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Apple, cranberry, grape and orange juices as well as fruit peel and salad leafs were spiked with aqueous solutions containing trace amounts of the pesticides alachlor, atrazine, carbendazim, carbofuran, dinoseb, isoproturon, metolachlor, metolcarb, propoxur and simazine. Best limits of determination (LODs) of pesticides in the fruit juices were achieved for metolcarb (1 microg/L in apple juice), carbofuran and dinoseb (2 microg/L in apple juice); for the analysis of apple skin best LODs were 10 pg/cm(2) of atrazine, metolcarb and propoxur which corresponds to an estimated concentration of 0.01 microg/kg apple, taking into account the surface area and the weight of the apple. The measured LODs were within or below the allowed maximum residue levels (MRLs) decreed by the European Union (1-500 microg/kg for pesticides in fruit juice and 0.01-5 microg/kg for apple skin). No sample pretreatment (extraction, pre-concentration, chromatographic separation) was necessary to analyze these pesticides by direct desorption/ionization using APGD-MS and to identify them using MS/MS. This makes APGD-MS a powerful high-throughput tool for the investigation of very low amounts of pesticides in fruit juices and on fruit peel/vegetable skin. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Validation of a solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in fruits and fruit juice

A method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, fenthion, quinalphos, triazophos, phosalon and pyrazophos) in fruit (pears) and fruit juice samples was developed and validated. The samples were diluted with water, extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) using a flame photometric detector in phosphorous mode. Limits of detection of the method for fruit and fruit juice matrices were below 2 micrograms/kg for all pesticides. Relative standard deviations for triplicate analyses of samples fortified at 25 micrograms/kg of each pesticide were not higher than 8.7%. Recovery tests were performed for concentrations between 25 and 250 micrograms/kg. Mean recoveries for each pesticide were all above 75.9% and below 102.6% for juice, and between 70 and 99% for fruit except for pyrazophos in the fruit sample (with mean recovery of 53%). Therefore, the proposed method is applicable in the analysis of pesticides in fruit matrices and the use of the method in routine analysis of pesticide residues is discussed.     

Multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of 16 acaricides by modified quick,easy, cheap,effective, rugged,and safe extraction and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in citrus

An ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analytical method was developed for simultaneously determining 16 acaricides in citrus based on an optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe strategy. Good linearities of the standard curve of 5–1000 μg/kg was obtained with regression coefficients higher than 0.9967. Recoveries for all compounds ranged from 72 to 111% with relative standard deviations lower than 14.4% at spiked levels of 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg. Low limits of detection and quantification were readily achieved ranging from 0.05 to 2.7 and 0.10 to 4.3 μg/kg, respectively. Matrix effects were also evaluated for 16 targets with most compounds achieved signal enhancement. Citrus peel gave the highest extent matrix effects, followed by whole citrus and pulp. Finally, this method was successfully applied to detect acaricides residues in real citrus samples. The results showed that pyridaben and quinalphos were the two most frequent and high‐concentration compounds with concentrations exceeding the maximum residue limits in five samples, suggesting that the use of these acaricides should be regulated in China in the future.     

GLC analysis of thiabendazole residues in citrus fruit

Analysis of thiabendazole (TBZ) residues in citrus fruit is performed using a bonded phase, SE-54, fused-silica capillary column. The fungicide is extracted with hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10, v/v) at high pH and, after a short cleanup, determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). Recoveries through the method are always higher than 80% and the limit of detection is 0.01 mg/Kg. TBZ residues are determined in whole fruit, peel, and pulp of "Washington Navel" oranges and "Hernandina" clementines treated with 1500 mg/L fungicide. Residues found in these samples and their changes during storage are reported. TBZ analysis in samples with high residue levels (peel and whole fruit) is also carried out by direct determination in the crude extracts. Results obtained with this shorter method are similar to those of the former proposed method.     

Behaviour of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in apple samples

Summary A study of the decay of acephate in apple samples was carried out, including penetration studies and the transformation of acephate in to its main metabolite, methamidophos. Sample treatment involved extraction with ethyl acetate and determination by gas chromatography with nitrogen—phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). Three different parts of the fruit were studied separately: apple surface, peel and pulp. Recoveries were measured at three spiked levels, ranging from 0.050 to 0.504 μg g⁻¹ for acephate and 0.049 to 0.492 μg g⁻¹ for methamidophos. Mean acephate recoveries were 93.0 to 115.5% from peel and 99.2 to 110.2% from pulp, while methamidophos recoveries were 77.2 to 104.2% and 77.5 to 98.6% from peel and pulp, respectively (n=6). Results showed that acephate penetrates into the fruit, where it is transformed to methamidophos. This transformation was not seen on the external apple surface.     

Potential perchlorate exposure from Citrus sp. irrigated with contaminated water

Citrus produced in the southwestern United States is often irrigated with perchlorate-contaminated water. This irrigation water includes Colorado River water which is contaminated with perchlorate from a manufacturing plant previously located near the Las Vegas Wash, and ground water from wells in Riverside and San Bernardino counties of California which are affected by a perchlorate plume associated with an aerospace facility once located near Redlands, California. Studies were conducted to evaluate the uptake and distribution of perchlorate in citrus irrigated with contaminated water, and estimate potential human exposure to perchlorate from the various citrus types including lemon (Citrus limon), grapefruit (Citrus paradise), and orange (Citrus sinensis) produced in the region. Perchlorate concentrations ranged from less than 2-9 μg/L for Colorado River water and from below detection to approximately 18 μg/L for water samples from wells used to irrigate citrus. Destructive sampling of lemon trees produced with Colorado River water show perchlorate concentrations larger in the leaves (1835 μg/kg dry weight (dw)) followed by the fruit (128 μg/kg dw). Mean perchlorate concentrations in roots, trunk, and branches were all less than 30 μg/kg dw. Fruit pulp analyzed in the survey show perchlorate concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 38 μg/kg fresh weight (fw), and were related to the perchlorate concentration of irrigation water. Mean hypothetical exposures (μg/person/day) of children and adults from lemons (0.005 and 0.009), grapefruit (0.03 and 0.24), and oranges (0.51 and 1.20) were estimated. These data show that potential perchlorate exposures from citrus in the southwestern United States are negligible relative to the reference dose recommended by the National Academy of Sciences.     

Headspace solid phase microextraction in the determination of pesticides in water samples from the Okavango Delta with gas chromatography-electron capture detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was optimized for the analysis of pesticides with gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Factors influencing the extraction efficiency such as fiber type, extraction mode and temperature, effect of ionic strength, stirring and extraction time were evaluated. The lowest pesticide concentrations that could be detected in spiked aliquots after HS-SPME–GC-ECD ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0032 μg L^{− 1}. Consequently hexachlorobenzene, trans-chlordane, 4,4′-DDD and 4,4′-DDE were detected in water samples after HS-SPME at concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 61.4 μg L^{− 1} that are much higher than the 0.1 μg L^{− 1} maximum limit of individual organochlorine pesticides in drinking water set by the European Community Directive. The same samples were cleaned with ISOLUTE C₁₈ SPE sorbent with an optimal acetone/n-hexane (1:1 v/v) mixture for the elution of analytes. No pesticides were detected after SPE clean-up and pre-concentration. Precision for both methods was satisfactory with relative standard deviations less than 20%. This work demonstrated the superiority of HS-SPME as a sample clean-up and pre-concentration technique for pesticides in water samples as well as the need to identify and control point sources of pesticides.     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测土壤和柑橘中吡唑醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵及其代谢物多菌灵的残留

建立了QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测土壤和柑橘中吡唑醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵及其代谢物多菌灵的分析方法。样品经甲醇或乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化后,用液相色谱分离,电喷雾正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱测定,以基质匹配标准溶液进行外标法定量。吡唑醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为5.8~7.0μg/kg、9.3~14.1μg/kg和2.1~2.6μg/kg。样品的加标回收率为75.48%~109.18%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.60%~5.11%(n=5)。该法快速简便,定量准确,用基质配制标准溶液能够有效、准确地校正LC-MS/MS测定吡唑醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵残留的基质效应,满足土壤、橘皮、橘肉和柑橘全果实际样品的检测需求。     

Spectrophotometric determination of methylamine moiety containing pesticides using ninhydrine reagent

A spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the determination of pesticides containing methylamine moiety. These pesticides afforded methylamine upon alkaline hydrolysis, which was subsequently reacted with ninhydrin in the presence of pyridine. The absorbance of the resulting blue-purple product was measured spectrophotometrically at 570 nm. The Beer??s law showed a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of the pesticide in the range 0.04?C5.0 ??g/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.012 and 0.02 ??g/mL, respectively. The repeatability was 0.22 expressed as RSD. The performance of this newly developed method was compared with the established spectrophotometric methods for the determination of these pesticides. The method has been successfully applied to the evaluation of these pesticides in commercial pesticide formulation and to the determination of monocrotophos in fruit samples.     

Development and validation of a SPE-GC-MS method for the determination of pesticides in surface water

A method for analysis of 20 commonly used pesticides in surface water based on solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was proposed. During method development the key parameters that can affect SPE extraction and determination such as selection of efficient SPE sorbent, pH of water sample, type and volume of elution solvent, breakthrough volume and matrix effects were investigated. The method was validated using spring water spiked with appropriate concentration of pesticides. The obtained correlation coefficients were in range 0.9972–1.000, limits of detection (LOD) were 0.001–0.5?µg?L^?1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005–1?µg?L^?1 depending on a pesticide. Much higher LOD (20?µg?L^?1) and LOQ (50?µg?L^?1) values were obtained for bentazone. The influence of matrix was assessed using real water samples spiked with appropriate concentration of pesticide standards solution. Both signal enhancement and suppression were observed, depending on a pesticide, therefore standard addition method was used for pesticides determination. The developed method was applied on real water samples taken in close vicinity of agricultural fields. Many of the targeted pesticides were found in the samples and the results are presented in this article.     

Survey of Phenolic Acids,Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.     

Microwave-assisted extraction method for the determination of atrazine and four organophosphorus pesticides in oranges by gas chromatography (GC)

A simple and rapid microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method is presented for the determination of atrazine and four organophosphorus pesticides (parathion-methyl, chlorpyriphos, fenamiphos and methidathion) in orange peel. The experimental variables that affect the MAE method, such as temperature, sample quantity, extraction time, nature and volume of organic solvents, were optimized. The MAE method was optimized using an experimental design. The results suggest that temperature and sample quantity are statistically significant factors. It was concluded that the five pesticides could be efficiently extracted from 1.5–2.5 g of orange peel with 10 mL of hexane/acetone (1?:?1) mixture at 90?°C in 9 min with microwave power set at 50% (475 W). After optimization these factors, recoveries ranged from 93 to 101% with a relative standard deviation ranging from 1 to 3%. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD).     

Phytochemical study,potential cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of selected food byproducts (Pomegranate peel,Rice bran,Rice straw & Mulberry bark)

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate common food by-products (Pomegranate peel, Rice bran, Rice straw & Mulberry bark) to screen out their medicinal importance such as cytotoxic & antioxidant activities. HPLC revealed that all tested samples were rich in phenolics. Tested samples exerted significant antioxidant activity with high potency to Pomegranate peel. All tested extracts were able to reduce cell viability of tested cell lines in a dose-response manner after treatment. In most cases, the IC50 values were under 30 μg/ml except IC50 of pomegranate peel against breast cell line (42.4?ug/ml). The antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of pomegranate peel, rice bran, rice straw and mulberry bark have been attributed to synergetic effects of phenolic phytochemicals.     

GLC multiresidue analysis of postharvest fungicides in citrus fruit

Summary A simple GLC multiresidue method for the analysis of fenpropimorph, thiabendazole, imazalil, propiconazole and prochloraz residues in citrus fruit, with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm, is reported.The fungicides are extracted with hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10, v/v) after pH-adjustment of the fruit homogenate. The GLC-separation is carried out using a bonded phase, SE-54, fused silica capillary column and fungicides are determined with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector.Recovery was always higher than 80% with standard deviation equal or lower than 7%. The method is suitable to determine residues in citrus, whole fruit or peel, treated with these fungicides at usual concentrations to avoid citrus decay.

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GLC-Verfahren zur Bestimmung mehrerer Fungicide in Citrusfrüchten nach der Ernte

     

Dissipation,residues and risk assessment of spirotetramat and its four metabolites in citrus and soil under field conditions by LC‐MS/MS

A modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method for the simultaneous determination of spirotetramat and its four metabolite residues in citrus, peel, pulp and soil was developed and validated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile (1%, glacial acetic acid, v/v) and purified using primary secondary amine and octadecylsilane. The limit of detection was 0.01–0.13 mg/kg, whereas that of quantification was 0.02–0.40 mg/kg for spirotetramat and its metabolites. The average recoveries of spirotetramat, spirotetramat‐enol, spirotetramat‐mono‐hydroxy, spirotetramat‐enol‐glucoside and spirotetramat‐ketohydroxy in all matrices were 73.33–107.91%, 75.93–114.85%, 76.44–100.78%, 71.46–103.19% and 73.08–105.27%, respectively, with relative standard deviations < 12.32%. The dissipation dynamics of spirotetramat in citrus and soil followed first‐order kinetics, with half‐lives of 2.3–8.5 days in the three sampling locations. The terminal residues of spirotetramat in four matrices at the three locations were measured below the 1.0 mg/kg maximum residue limit set by China, and residues were found to be concentrated on the peel. The risk assessment of citrus was evaluated using risk quotients. The risk quotient values were found to be significantly <1, suggesting that the risk to human health was negligible when using the recommended doses of spirotetramat in citrus. These results could provide guidance for the safe and proper application of spirotetramat in citrus in China.     

Multiresidue determination of pesticides in juice by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A multiresidue method based on solid-phase extraction was developed for the simultaneous determination of 50 pesticides in commercial juices. The extraction procedure was carried out in C₁₈ columns preconditioned with acetonitrile and water. The subsequent elution of pesticides was performed with a mixture of hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) prior to the determination by gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode (GC-MS-SIM), using one target and two qualifier ions. Standards were prepared spiking blank juice samples to counteract the observed matrix effect. Average recoveries for all the pesticides studied were higher than 91% with relative standard deviations lower than 9% in the concentration range of 0.02-0.1 μg/mL and the detection limits achieved ranged from 0.1 to 4.6 μg/L. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of these compounds in commercial juices and diazinon, ethion and procymidone were the pesticides encountered, although the levels found were very low.     

Variations of antioxidant characteristics and mineral contents in pulp and peel of different apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars from Pakistan

Variations of phenolics, antioxidant activity, and mineral contents in peel and pulp of five apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars from Pakistan, namely Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Kashmiri Amri, Kala Kulu and Sky Spur were appraised. The mean extract yield of antioxidant components obtained with 80:20 methanol-water (v/v), was found to be 22.1 g/100 g for peel and 14.2 g/100 g for pulp on a dry weight basis. The amounts of total phenolics and total flavonoids in peel and pulp of different cultivars of apple ranged from 1,907.5-2,587.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g DW and 1,214.3-1,816.4 mg catechin equivalent/100 g DW and 1,185.2-1,475.5 mg GAE/100 g DW and 711.8-999.3 mg CE/100 g DW, respectively. The inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH scavenging activity of the extracts varied from 71.7-84.9 and 66.6-80.8% in peel, and 43.9-52.8 and 42.9-51.1% in pulp, respectively. Reducing power of the tested fruit part extracts at concentration 12.5 mg/mL ranged from 2.54-2.89 and 1.37-1.73, respectively. With regard to minerals analysis, both fruit parts showed the amount of K to be the highest, followed by Mg, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn. The results revealed that peel of the tested apple cultivars in this study had superior antioxidant capacity and mineral concentration than the pulp, indicating significant variations between the parts tested. Thus, consumption of apple fruits along with peel might be recommended to gaining better nutritive benefits.     

Chemical Composition Assessment of Structural Parts (Seeds,Peel, Pulp) of Physalis alkekengi L. Fruits

In recent years there has been an extensive search for nature-based products with functional potential. All structural parts of Physalis alkekengi (bladder cherry), including fruits, pulp, and less-explored parts, such as seeds and peel, can be considered sources of functional macro- and micronutrients, bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietetic fiber. The chemical composition of all fruit structural parts (seeds, peel, and pulp) of two phenotypes of P. alkekengi were studied. The seeds were found to be a rich source of oil, yielding 14–17%, with abundant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (over 88%) and tocopherols, or vitamin E (up to 5378 mg/kg dw; dry weight). The predominant fatty acid in the seed oils was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid. The seeds contained most of the fruit’s protein (16–19% dw) and fiber (6–8% dw). The peel oil differed significantly from the seed oil in fatty acid and tocopherol composition. Seed cakes, the waste after oil extraction, contained arginine and aspartic acid as the main amino acids; valine, phenylalanine, threonine, and isoleucine were present in slightly higher amounts than the other essential amino acids. They were also rich in key minerals, such as K, Mg, Fe, and Zn. From the peel and pulp fractions were extracted fruit concretes, aromatic products with specific fragrance profiles, of which volatile compositions (GC-MS) were identified. The major volatiles in peel and pulp concretes were β-linalool, α-pinene, and γ-terpinene. The results from the investigation substantiated the potential of all the studied fruit structures as new sources of bioactive compounds that could be used as prospective sources in human and animal nutrition, while the aroma-active compounds in the concretes supported the plant’s potential in perfumery and cosmetics.