Study on catastrophic mechanism for rotor drop transient vibration following magnetic bearing failure

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ 1 980ｓ,ａｓａｈｉｇｈａｎｄｎｅｗｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｆｏｒａｃｔｉｖｅｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ,ａｃｔｉｖｅｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｂｅａｒｉｎｇｓ (ＡＭＢｓ)ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｈｉｇｈｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｃｅｎｔｒｉｆｕｇａｌｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｏｒｓａｎｄｐｕｍｐｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｌａｒｇｅｔｙｐｅｐｏｗｅｒｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｊｅｔ＿ｐｌａｎｅｓ,ｓｐａｃｅｃｒａｆｔｓａｎｄｐｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍｏｉｌｐｉｐｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ,…     

Non-linear oscillations of a rotor-magnetic bearing system under superharmonic resonance conditions

The effect of non-linear magnetic forces on the non-linear response of the shaft is examined for the case of superharmonic resonance in this paper. It is shown that the steady-state superharmonic periodic solutions lose their stability by either saddle-node or Hopf bifurcations. The system exhibits many typical characteristics of the behavior of non-linear dynamical systems such as multiple coexisting solutions, jump phenomenon, and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The effects of the feedback gains and imbalance eccentricity on the non-linear response of the system are studied. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical predictions.     

Rubbing analysis of a nonlinear rotor system with surface coatings

Taking into account surface coatings painted on disc and casing, a nonlinear rotor system is established for simulating unbalance-rubbing coupled fault. During the modeling process of shaft, the nonlinear geometric relation between displacement and strain is considered. According to the Hamilton's principle, the restoring force between disc and shaft is described by the equivalent spring and the equivalent damper, and then the equivalent dynamic model is further set up. For contact analysis, the novel contact force model is employed to describe the impact force between disc and casing. Meanwhile, the Coulomb model is used to simulate the frictional force. The motion equations of the equivalent dynamic model are solved numerically and the corresponding dynamic behaviors are analyzed by bifurcation diagram, whirl orbit and Poincaré map. The relationship between equivalent linear/nonlinear stiffness and structural parameters is analyzed in detail. Moreover, the effects of eccentricity of disc, surface coatings and radius of shaft on the dynamic characteristic of the equivalent model are discussed.     

铝板中激光Lamb波信号的模态分析与缺陷检测研究

激光激励的Lamb波信号具有较宽的频带,且包含多个模态信息。本文采用二维傅里叶变换和时频分析等信号分析技术用于检测信号中的模态成分及缺陷信息识别。首先,对200组激光Lamb波信号进行二维傅里叶变换,得到信号的频率-波数图,可识别出激光Lamb波信号中的低阶A0、S0和高阶模态,并且A0模态能量高,可用于缺陷检测。随后对有、无缺陷状态下Lamb波信号进行连续小波变换,从时频图中识别出缺陷信号的频率成分,进一步提取特定频率下的小波系数幅值信号,实现了缺陷信息的识别。结果表明,二维傅里叶变换能较好地识别激光Lamb波的模态成分,而提取出的连续小波变换系数图,能准确实现缺陷定位。     

Effects of axial preload of ball bearing on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a rotor-bearing system

This research studies the effects of axial preload on nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a flexible rotor supported by angular contact ball bearings. A dynamic model of ball bearings is improved for modeling a five-degree-of-freedom rotor bearing system. The predicted results are in good agreement with prior experimental data, thus validating the proposed model. With or without considering unbalanced forces, the Floquet theory is employed to investigate the bifurcation and stability of system periodic solution. With the aid of Poincarè maps and frequency response, the unstable motion of system is analyzed in detail. Results show that the effects of axial preload applied to ball bearings on system dynamic characteristics are significant. The unstable periodic solution of a balanced rotor bearing system can be avoided when the applied axial preload is sufficient. The bifurcation margins of an unbalanced rotor bearing system enhance markedly as the axial preload increases and relates to system resonance speed.     

连续小波变换在损伤探测中的应用

本文选取Gabor小波作为母函数，采用连续小波变换对含裂纹悬臂梁中的弯曲波进行分析，提取波动信号中某一频率分量上的入射波、反射波及透射波信号，由此可以准确地检测出悬臂梁的损伤位置，并对可其损伤程度做出定性估计。实验结果表明，这是一种行之有效的损伤检测方法，可以推广应用到复杂结构的损伤检测中去。     

2-dof non-linear dynamics of a rotor suspended in the magneto-hydrodynamic field in the case of soft and rigid magnetic materials

Non-linear dynamics of a high-speed rotor symmetrically supported on the magneto-hydrodynamic bearing is analyzed. In the case of soft magnetic materials the method of multiple scales [1] is applied. Non-resonant and primary resonance cases with and without internal resonance are illustrated and discussed. In the case of rigid magnetic materials the hysteretic properties are taken into consideration by means of the Bouc-Wen hysteretic model. In order to characterize the hysteretic close-loop control of the rotor motion, instability regions as well as the amplitude level contours of vertical and horizontal vibrations of the rotor are obtained in the form suitable for engineering applications, i.e. in the ‘frequency-amplitude’ parametric plane.     

Mechanical modelling and stability investigation of a non-material system in rotor dynamics

For the first time the behaviour of a Timoshenko-rotor-model with a non-material constraint is investigated. The constraint is caused by an axially-moving disc guided by the flexible shaft. Both, the development of the equations of motion (including the additionally occuring jump conditions) and the analysis of stability are essentially influenced by the non-classical character of the system. As result some stability diagrams are shown. They are based on statistical methods of theory of stability. The results allow the conclusion that most of the non-material constraints lead to a system behaviour as well-known from parametric excitations.     

Stress-strain field near crack tip and calculation of critical stress of crack propagation in a pure bending beam of rectangular section with one-sided mode i crack

This paper studies the stress-strain field near crack tip in a pure bending beam of rectangular section with one-sided mode I crack by the analytic method of Ref. [1], then it gives the stress and strain components at the crack tip when the crack propagates and further it obtains the formulas of calculating the elastic deformed area width, the deformed intensity area width and the equation groups of calculating the critical stress of crack propagation, last the equation group of calculating critical stress of crack propagation is verified by calculating instance. The maximum error is 0.18%. First Received May 7, 1994.     

应用谐波小波提取转子系统动力参数

临界转这是离心压缩机转子系统的主要动力参数之一,尤其高阶临界转速在试车中不易被识别。本文应用谐波小波对转子系统试车振动信号进行分析,对转子高阶临界转速进行了分辨识别,结果令人满意。     

Application of a hybrid numerical method to the bifurcation analysis of a rigid rotor supported by a spherical gas journal bearing system

The nonlinear dynamic behavior of a rigid rotor supported by a spherical gas journal bearing system is analyzed using a hybrid method combining the differential transformation method (DTM) and the finite difference method (FDM). The analytical results reveal that the bearing system has a complex dynamic behavior comprising periodic, subharmonic, and quasi-periodic responses of the rotor center. The evolution in the dynamic behavior of the bearing system is systematically examined as the rotor mass and bearing number are increased. The analytical results are found to be in good agreement with those of other numerical methods. Hence, the validity of the proposed hybrid method as a means of gaining insights into the nonlinear dynamics of spherical gas film rotor-bearing systems is confirmed.     

小波分析在悬臂梁裂纹识别中的应用

基于空间信号的小波分析理论,将含裂纹悬臂梁前四阶振型信息直接用于小波变换,小波系数在空间域上的突变反映了裂纹的存在并指出了裂纹的位置.本文分析了前四阶振型对小波识别结果的敏感性,利用小波系数模极大值在尺度上的表现与Lipschitz指数之闻的关系建立了集中因子和裂纹深度之间的关系,以此来估计裂纹深度.鉴于实测信号往往是含噪声信号,分析了噪声对识别结果的影响规律.数值算例表明利用sym4小波对含裂纹梁的四阶振型信息进行小波分析可以准确地识别出裂纹的位置和深度;高阶振型对结构损伤较为敏感,高阶振型更适合于微裂纹和含噪声信息的处理,但高阶振型的非线性也会给裂纹识别带来一定的困难.使用本文方法进行结构裂纹参数识别,噪声对裂纹位置的影响只是指示清晰度的影响,基本不会产生错误的识别,而对裂纹深度的影响远比对位置的影响复杂,由于小波系数混入了噪声成分,从而增加了集中因子的取值,致使识别结果总是比真实结果偏大.     

Growth of a mode II crack in an orthotropic plate made of a viscoelastic composite material

The growth of a straight mode II crack in a viscoelastic orthotropic plate is examined. The plate material is modeled by a viscoelastic anisotropic medium. The shear displacement in the fracture process zone is determined as a function of time using the corresponding elastic solution, the Volterra principle, and the method of operator continued functions. The time dependence of the crack length is constructed as integral equations of three phases of stable growth. The solution of these equations gives kinetic curves __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 89–97, September 2006.     

Formation of the plastic zone in an anisotropic body with a crack

The influence of the length of a mode I crack on the plastic zone in an anisotropic body under hard loading is studied. The case of a generalized plane stress state is examined. A boundary-value problem is solved numerically to study the behavior of the main plastic zone at the crack tip, the additional plastic zone on the lateral face of the body, and the merged plastic zone Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 36–52, September 2008.     

A note on internal damping induced self-excited vibration in a rotor by considering source loading of a DC motor drive

It is well known that rotors become unstable beyond a certain threshold spinning speed due to the non-conservative circulatory forces, which arise out of rotating internal damping. In this note, it is shown that if the source loading of the non-ideal drive is considered then this instability manifests itself as a constant rotor spinning speed and a constant amplitude whirl orbit about an unstable equilibrium. A DC motor drive is considered and the corresponding steady-state spinning frequency and whirl orbit amplitude are analytically derived as functions of the drive and the rotor system parameters.     

Effects of electric field on crack growth for a penny-shaped dielectric crack in a piezoelectric layer

The assumptions of impermeable and permeable cracks give rise to significant errors in determining electro-elastic behavior of a cracked piezoelectric material. The former simply imposes that the permittivity or electric displacement of the crack interior vanishes, and the latter neglects also the effects of the dielectric of an opening crack interior. Considering the presence of the dielectric of an opening crack interior and the permeability of the crack surfaces for electric field, this paper analyzes electro-elastic behavior induced by a penny-shaped dielectric crack in a piezoelectric ceramic layer. In the cases of prescribed displacement or prescribed stress at the layer surfaces, the Hankel transform technique is employed to reduce the problem to Fredholm integral equations with a parameter dependent nonlinearly on the unknown functions. For an infinite piezoelectric space, a closed-form solution can be derived explicitly, while for a piezoelectric layer, an iterative technique is suggested to solve the resulting nonlinear equations. Field intensity factors are obtained in terms of the solution of the equations. Numerical results of the crack opening displacement intensity factors are presented for a cracked PZT-5H layer and the effect of applied electric field on crack growth are examined for both cases. The results indicate that the fracture toughness of a piezoelectric ceramic is affected by the direction of applied electric fields, dependent on the elastic boundary conditions.     

A new nonlinear force model to replace the Hertzian contact model in a rigid-rotor ball bearing system

A new nonlinear force model based on experimental data is proposed to replace the classical Hertzian contact model to solve the fractional index nonlinearity in a ball bearing system. Firstly, the radial force and the radial deformation are measured by statics experiments, and the data are fitted respectively by using the Hertzian contact model and the cubic polynomial model. Then, the two models are compared with the approximation formula appearing in Aeroengine Design Manual. In consequence, the two models are equivalent in an allowable deformation range. After that, the relationship of contact force and contact deformation for single rolling element between the races is calculated based on statics equilibrium to obtain the two kinds of nonlinear dynamic models in a rigid-rotor ball bearing system. Finally, the displacement response and frequency spectrum for the two system models are compared quantitatively at different rotational speeds, and then the structures of frequency-amplitude curves over a wide speed range are compared qualitatively under different levels of radial clearance, amplitude of excitation, and mass of supporting rotor. The results demonstrate that the cubic polynomial model can take place of the Hertzian contact model in a range of deformation.     

基于小波变换的精密测试转台测角系统的故障诊断

针对精密测试转台测角系统的突变性故障、饱和故障和高频干扰故障,研究并提出了一种基于离散小波变换的故障特征提取方法。这种方法采用db4小波函数对测角系统激磁信号进行小波变换,将原始信号分解为近似信号和细节信号。根据分解得到第一层的细节信号,可以定位突变性故障和饱和故障。通过多层分解,确定近似信号和细节信号的最大幅值,根据信噪比大小可以确定是否存在高频干扰故障。实验结果显示,通过该方法可以实现对测角系统激磁电源故障准确的故障特征提取和定位,提高了精密测试转台的安全性和可靠性。     

Singular fields of a mode III interface crack in a power-law hardening bimaterial

A high order of asymptotic solution of the singular fields near the tip of a mode III interface crack for pure power-law hardening bimaterials is obtained by using the hodograph transformation. It is found that the zero order of the asymptotic solution corresponds to the assumption of a rigid substrate at the interface, and the first order of it is deduced in order to satisfy completely two continuity conditions of the stress and displacement across the interface in the asymptotic sense. The singularities of stress and strain of the zeroth order asymptotic solutions are −1/(n ₁+1) and −n/(n ₁+1) respectively. (n=n ₁,n ₂ is the hardening exponent of the bimaterials.) The applicability conditions of the asymptotic solutions are determined for both zeroth and first orders. It is proved that the Guo-Keer solution^[10] is limited in some conditions. The angular functions of the singular fields for this interface crack problem are first expressed by closed form. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Torsional impact response of a penny-shaped crack in a functional graded strip

The torsional impact response of a penny-shaped crack in a nonhomogeneous strip is considered. The shear modulus is assumed to be functionally graded such that the mathematics is tractable. Laplace and Hankel transforms were used to reduce the problem to solving a Fredholm integral equation. The crack tip stress field is obtained by considering the asymptotic behavior of Bessel function. Explicit expressions of both the dynamic stress intensity factor and the energy density factor were derived. And it is shown that, as crack driving force, they are equivalent for the present crack problem. Investigated are the effects of material nonhomogeneity and strip‘s highness on the dynamic fracture behavior.Numerical results reveal that the peak of the dynamic stress intensity factor can be suppressed by increasing the nonhomogeneity parameter of the shear modulus, and that the dynamic behavior varies little with the adjusting of the strip‘ s highness.