应用谐波小波提取转子系统动力参数

临界转这是离心压缩机转子系统的主要动力参数之一,尤其高阶临界转速在试车中不易被识别.本文应用谐波小波对转子系统试车振动信号进行分析,对转子高阶临界转速进行了分辨识别,结果令人满意.     

铝板中激光Lamb波信号的模态分析与缺陷检测研究

激光激励的Lamb波信号具有较宽的频带,且包含多个模态信息。本文采用二维傅里叶变换和时频分析等信号分析技术用于检测信号中的模态成分及缺陷信息识别。首先,对200组激光Lamb波信号进行二维傅里叶变换,得到信号的频率-波数图,可识别出激光Lamb波信号中的低阶A0、S0和高阶模态,并且A0模态能量高,可用于缺陷检测。随后对有、无缺陷状态下Lamb波信号进行连续小波变换,从时频图中识别出缺陷信号的频率成分,进一步提取特定频率下的小波系数幅值信号,实现了缺陷信息的识别。结果表明,二维傅里叶变换能较好地识别激光Lamb波的模态成分,而提取出的连续小波变换系数图,能准确实现缺陷定位。     

滑动轴承-转子系统非线性裂纹故障特征及其实验研究

由于材料缺陷以及疲劳运转等多种因素，轴承-转子系统常出现轴上裂纹故障，进一步发展会产生断轴巨大事故。本文考虑滑动轴承支承的单盘转子系统，分析轴上裂纹对系统振动特性的影响，并采用谐波小波变换技术分析实验结果，结果表明在充分考虑支承条件的基础上，裂纹的存在不仅在频域上出现了亚频、超频的频率分量，在时域上也有明显的奇异现象。说明谐波小波变换作为时域分析的有力工具，可以用于滑动轴承-转子系统裂纹故障的早期诊断。     

CRACK IDENTIFICATION IN STEPPED CANTILEVER BEAM COMBINING WAVELET ANALYSIS WITH TRANSFORM MATRIX

This paper illustrates the crack identification method combining wavelet analysis with transform matrix. Firstly, the fundamental vibration mode was applied to wavelet analysis. The crack location was found by the peaks of the wavelet coefficients. Secondly, based on the identified crack locations, a simple transform matrix method requiring only the first two tested natural frequencies was used to further identify the crack depth. The present method can be used for crack identification in a complex structure. Numerical results of crack identification of a stepped cantilever beam show that the suggested method is feasible.     

连续小波变换在损伤探测中的应用

本文选取Gabor小波作为母函数，采用连续小波变换对含裂纹悬臂梁中的弯曲波进行分析，提取波动信号中某一频率分量上的入射波、反射波及透射波信号，由此可以准确地检测出悬臂梁的损伤位置，并对可其损伤程度做出定性估计。实验结果表明，这是一种行之有效的损伤检测方法，可以推广应用到复杂结构的损伤检测中去。     

Non-linear oscillations of a rotor-magnetic bearing system under superharmonic resonance conditions

The effect of non-linear magnetic forces on the non-linear response of the shaft is examined for the case of superharmonic resonance in this paper. It is shown that the steady-state superharmonic periodic solutions lose their stability by either saddle-node or Hopf bifurcations. The system exhibits many typical characteristics of the behavior of non-linear dynamical systems such as multiple coexisting solutions, jump phenomenon, and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The effects of the feedback gains and imbalance eccentricity on the non-linear response of the system are studied. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical predictions.     

基于应变模态小波变换的框架结构损伤识别研究

采用应变模态的小波变换方法研究了框架结构的损伤识别问题。以有限元分析求解含裂缝平面框架应变模态为基础,利用Guass2小波对框架的应变模态进行小波变换,再用db3小波对应变模态小波变换系数进行去噪处理,最后通过对去噪处理后的小波系数模极大值点来识别框架结构裂缝的位置,建立了基于应变模态小波变换识别平面框架损伤的方法。以一层平面框架为例,分别给出了框架梁含有裂缝、框架柱含有裂缝、框架梁和柱均含有裂缝的有限元模型,计算得到结构的应变模态,并通过应变模态小波分析来识别平面框架裂缝的位置。从识别结果发现,经小波去噪处理后应变模态小波系数的模极大值点能够有效识别框架结构的损伤,数值计算验证了方法的有效性。本文研究对工程结构损伤诊断有参考价值。     

基于小波分析的梁裂缝识别研究

利用小波分析对筒支梁的裂缝进行识别。将带裂缝筒支梁的基本振型用Mexican Hat小波进行连续小波变换，从小波系数在裂缝处出现模极大值可以识别出裂缝位置，利用由小波系数计算得到的Lipschitz指数来识别裂缝深度，Lipschitz指数随着裂缝深度的增加而减小。通过分析和仿真计算获得满意结果，在仿真算例中分析了裂缝位置对Lipschitz指数的影响很小，可以忽略；振型的测点距离越大，Lipschitz指数越大。同时指出噪声对Lipschitz指数有影响但在噪声不很大时仍能较好地识别裂缝。该方法同样适用于多条裂缝的识别和其他构件的裂缝识别。     

基于振型曲率的夹芯波纹板脱焊损伤分析方法研究

针对夹芯波纹板在生产和服役过程中的漏焊、脱焊损伤提出了基于动态响应参数的损伤识别方法.首先基于有限元理论对波纹板不同大小、不同位置的损伤进行数值分析,然后基于数值分析所得损伤前后振动特性参数,使用中心差分法求取结构模态振型曲率,根据求得的损伤前后模态振型曲率,分别用差分法、曲面光滑算法和二维连续小波变换建立损伤识别指标,从而确定损伤的位置和数量.最后通过数值分析和实验数据处理,验证了损伤分析方法的有效性和可靠性.计算结果表明:基于模态振型曲率建立损伤识别指标的差分法、曲面光滑算法以及二维连续小波变换均可以检测到损伤的位置和数量,但曲面光滑算法和二维连续小波变换相较于差分法不需要结构损伤前的原始数据,更适用于工程实际问题.     

Study on catastrophic mechanism for rotor drop transient vibration following magnetic bearing failure

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含偏置裂纹三点弯曲梁的动态断裂行为研究

采用动态焦散线方法,对含偏置裂纹三点弯曲梁承受横向冲击的弯曲断裂行为进行了一系列动态断裂力学实验研究,分析了无量纲量ａ／ｌ的改变（ａ——初始裂纹偏离梁中心线的距离;ｌ——梁长度的一半）对于裂纹动态扩展行为（裂纹起始状态、裂纹尖端的复合应力强度因子、裂纹扩展速度、裂纹扩展轨迹）的影响,并借助动态光弹性应力分析,对应力波与扩展裂纹的相互作用以及应力波传播规律进行探讨．给出了裂纹尖端复合应力强度因子、裂纹扩展速度的变化、裂纹曲裂轨迹以及方向与梁中应力波传播的相互关系     

Experimental and numerical analysis of vibrating cracked plates at resonant frequencies

Owing to the advantages of noncontact and fullfield measurement, an optical system called the amplitude fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AFESPI) method with an out-of-plane setup is employed to investigate the vibration of a cantilever square plate with a crack emanating from one edge. Based on the fact that clear fringe patterns will be shown by the AFESPI method only at resonant frequencies, both the resonant frequencies and the vibration mode shapes can be obtained experimentally at the same time. Three different crack locations will be discussed in detail in this study. One is parallel to the clamped edge, and the other two are perpendicular to the clamped edge. The numerical finite element calculations are compared with the experimental results, and good agreement is obtained for resonant frequencies and mode shapes. The influences of crack locations and lengths on the vibration behavior of the clamped cantilever plate are studied in terms of the dimensionless frequency parameter (λ ²) versus crack length ratio (a/L). The authors find that if the crack face displacements are out of phase, a large value of stress intensity factor may be induced, and the cracked plate will be dangerous from the fracture mechanics point of view. However, there are some resonant frequencies for which the crack face displacements are completely in phase, causing a zero stress intensity factor, and the cracked plate will be safe.     

任意斜裂纹转子的耦合振动研究

对包含不同类型裂纹(横裂纹、横-斜裂纹以及任意斜裂纹)的转子的耦合振动进行研究,以揭示裂纹转子在不同方向上刚度参数的变化规律及其交叉耦合机理,特别是由此引发的振动特征. 对于包含不同类型裂纹的转子轴段,采用六自由度Timoshenko梁单元模型对其进行单元建模,并基于应变能理论推导计算柔度参数和刚度矩阵. 在此基础上, 采用纽马克-$beta$数值算法求解裂纹转子的运动方程,获得裂纹转子在单故障或多故障激励(不平衡激励、扭转激励或不平衡激励加扭转激励)作用下的耦合振动响应,进而分析耦合振动谱特征. 与横裂纹和横-斜裂纹相比,任意斜裂纹使转子刚度矩阵的交叉耦合效应更显著,导致转子发生更强烈的弯-扭耦合甚至是纵-弯-扭耦合振动.无论是在不平衡激励还是扭转激励作用下, 弯曲振动与扭转振动幅度都更大. 而且,包含不同类型裂纹的转子的耦合振动特征频率,例如旋转基频与二倍频、扭转激励频率及其边带成分的幅值,对裂纹面方向角具有不同的敏感性. 所得的这些研究结果,可以为转子裂纹的特征参数辨识与诊断提供理论依据.     

图像融合质量定量评价方法

建立了一套对图像融合质量进行定量评价的方法和准则。其中,对于相同传感器源的图像,利用标准参考图像,选取均方误差、峰值信噪比、参考图像,以及融合图像的信息熵差、互信息作为客观评价指标;对于不同传感器源图像,选取融合图像的标准差、空间频率、信息熵以及融合图像与两源图像的互信息之和作为客观评价指标。应用此方法和准则对基于离散小波框架、基于可操纵方向金字塔变换和基于双树复小波变换三种平移不变性的图像融合方法进行了客观定量评价。实验结果表明,基于可操纵方向金字塔变换的融合方法效果最好,然后是基于离散小波框架的融合方法;基于双树复小波变换的融合方法其性能与前两种接近,且其冗余性最小。     

承压热冲击下RPV承载力影响因素的数值分析

为研究承压热冲击下含缺陷的核反应堆压力容器(RPV)的极限承载力,借助ABAQUS软件建立含表面裂纹的RPV的3D有限元模型.通过热-力耦合分析,分别得到简体区和喷嘴区的瞬态温度场和应力场.考虑到实际RPV断裂试验工作具有相当大的危险性,使用扩展有限元法(XFEM)对裂纹的扩展情况进行数值模拟.通过对含有不同位置和尺寸裂纹、具有不同壁厚容器的极限承载力分析,得到满足强度条件的各临界裂纹尺寸.结果 表明,当表面裂纹距喷嘴口的距离达到一定程度,其长度对RPV结构的极限承载力不构成影响.在喷嘴区,随裂纹距喷嘴口距离的减小,临界裂纹尺寸迅速减小,喷嘴口上仅允许深长比较小的浅表面裂纹出现.     

2-dof non-linear dynamics of a rotor suspended in the magneto-hydrodynamic field in the case of soft and rigid magnetic materials

Non-linear dynamics of a high-speed rotor symmetrically supported on the magneto-hydrodynamic bearing is analyzed. In the case of soft magnetic materials the method of multiple scales [1] is applied. Non-resonant and primary resonance cases with and without internal resonance are illustrated and discussed. In the case of rigid magnetic materials the hysteretic properties are taken into consideration by means of the Bouc-Wen hysteretic model. In order to characterize the hysteretic close-loop control of the rotor motion, instability regions as well as the amplitude level contours of vertical and horizontal vibrations of the rotor are obtained in the form suitable for engineering applications, i.e. in the ‘frequency-amplitude’ parametric plane.     

任意斜裂纹转子的耦合振动研究

对包含不同类型裂纹(横裂纹、横-斜裂纹以及任意斜裂纹)的转子的耦合振动进行研究,以揭示裂纹转子在不同方向上刚度参数的变化规律及其交叉耦合机理,特别是由此引发的振动特征.对于包含不同类型裂纹的转子轴段,采用六自由度Timoshenko梁单元模型对其进行单元建模,并基于应变能理论推导计算柔度参数和刚度矩阵.在此基础上,采用纽马克-β数值算法求解裂纹转子的运动方程,获得裂纹转子在单故障或多故障激励(不平衡激励、扭转激励或不平衡激励加扭转激励)作用下的耦合振动响应,进而分析耦合振动谱特征.与横裂纹和横-斜裂纹相比,任意斜裂纹使转子刚度矩阵的交叉耦合效应更显著,导致转子发生更强烈的弯-扭耦合甚至是纵-弯-扭耦合振动.无论是在不平衡激励还是扭转激励作用下,弯曲振动与扭转振动幅度都更大.而且,包含不同类型裂纹的转子的耦合振动特征频率,例如旋转基频与二倍频、扭转激励频率及其边带成分的幅值,对裂纹面方向角具有不同的敏感性.所得的这些研究结果,可以为转子裂纹的特征参数辨识与诊断提供理论依据.     

Analysis of realistic rough surface for its globally dominant parameters using continuous wavelets

Continuous Morlet and Mexican hat wavelets are used to analyze a highly irregular rough surface replicated from real turbine blades which are roughened by deposi-tion of foreign materials. The globally dominant aspect ratio, length scale, and orientation of the roughness elements are determined. These parameters extracted from this highly irregular rough surface are important for the future studies of their effects on turbulent flows over this kind of rough surfaces encountered in Washington aerospace and power generating industries.     

Effects of axial preload of ball bearing on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a rotor-bearing system

This research studies the effects of axial preload on nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a flexible rotor supported by angular contact ball bearings. A dynamic model of ball bearings is improved for modeling a five-degree-of-freedom rotor bearing system. The predicted results are in good agreement with prior experimental data, thus validating the proposed model. With or without considering unbalanced forces, the Floquet theory is employed to investigate the bifurcation and stability of system periodic solution. With the aid of Poincarè maps and frequency response, the unstable motion of system is analyzed in detail. Results show that the effects of axial preload applied to ball bearings on system dynamic characteristics are significant. The unstable periodic solution of a balanced rotor bearing system can be avoided when the applied axial preload is sufficient. The bifurcation margins of an unbalanced rotor bearing system enhance markedly as the axial preload increases and relates to system resonance speed.     

基于小波变换的精密测试转台测角系统的故障诊断

针对精密测试转台测角系统的突变性故障、饱和故障和高频干扰故障,研究并提出了一种基于离散小波变换的故障特征提取方法。这种方法采用db4小波函数对测角系统激磁信号进行小波变换,将原始信号分解为近似信号和细节信号。根据分解得到第一层的细节信号,可以定位突变性故障和饱和故障。通过多层分解,确定近似信号和细节信号的最大幅值,根据信噪比大小可以确定是否存在高频干扰故障。实验结果显示,通过该方法可以实现对测角系统激磁电源故障准确的故障特征提取和定位,提高了精密测试转台的安全性和可靠性。