塔里木盆地玉北地区中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩成岩作用类型及演化

为恢复塔里木盆地玉北地区中?下奥陶统碳酸盐岩的成岩演化历史, 通过岩芯观察、薄片观察、地球化学分析等工作, 针对溶蚀作用、白云石化作用、硅化作用和破裂作用等开展研究, 并将成岩历史划分为4个阶段。由于海平面的波动, 地貌高部位在相对海平面较低时短暂地暴露在地表, 以颗粒结构为主的灰岩在沉积后不久发生准同生溶蚀作用, 形成顺层发育的溶洞及结构选择性溶孔等。主要发育于早成岩阶段的白云石化作用增强了岩石的抗压实压溶能力, 有利于孔洞的保存; 此外, 早成岩阶段的加里东中?晚期及海西早期构造运动导致裂缝较为发育, 但由于经历了复杂的压实及胶结作用过程, 裂缝多呈封闭或充填状态, 未形成有效的储集空间。中成岩阶段的热液活动以产出具波状消光和鞍形结构的白云石和黄铁矿为特征, 热液活动总体上较弱, 对先期形成的孔洞和裂缝具有轻微的充填破坏作用。晚成岩阶段的硅质流体及钙质流体活动部分地充填早期的孔洞, 在区域内对储层具有破坏作用; 晚成岩阶段的海西晚期及喜山期裂缝活动弱于早成岩阶段的裂缝活动, 但由于经历的成岩改造作用较弱, 这些晚期裂缝多为开启状态, 在喜山期油气调整阶段具有一定的输导和储集作用。     

古城地区鹰山组储层特征及成岩孔隙演化

针对古城地区鹰山组孔隙在成岩历史中演化的问题,基于岩芯描述、薄片鉴定、阴极发光、测井资料以及地球化学数据分析,对目的层岩石学特征、成岩作用和储层特征几个方面进行了研究。结果表明,古城地区鹰山组储层岩石类型以石灰岩与白云岩为主,其中,白云岩多分布于鹰山组下部,且细晶自形-半自形白云岩和中-粗晶它形白云岩表现出相对较好的孔渗性,储集空间以晶间孔隙、晶间溶孔及裂缝为主,形成的主要储层类性为裂缝型、孔隙型和裂缝-孔洞型。研究区成岩作用对储层储集性能影响较大,其中,早期胶结作用、压实压溶作用、硅化作用以及热液矿物的充填对原生孔隙起破坏作用,浅埋藏白云石化作用、破裂作用、热液溶蚀作用为建设性成岩作用。由于过渡白云石化作用的影响,白云岩晶间孔隙发育程度较低,热液溶蚀作用对优质储层的形成起关键性作用。     

东营凹陷南斜坡东部地区沙四段储层成岩作用研究

东营凹陷南斜坡东部地区沙四段储层岩性主要有砂砾岩、砾状砂岩、砂岩和粉砂岩,砂岩类型以岩屑长石砂岩为主,长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩次之.成岩矿物类型主要有粘土矿物、石英、长石、碳酸盐、黄铁矿等,其中粘土矿物有高岭石、伊利石、绿泥石、伊-蒙混层.储层成岩演化阶段处于晚成岩A1亚期,油气注入时间为7.5～25 Ma前.砂岩储层成岩相划分为三种类型:压实成岩相、碳酸盐胶结成岩相和不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相.储层性质明显地受到成岩相的控制,水下辫状河道砂体是油气储集的主要场所.     

Geochemistry of Pore Water and Associated Diagenetic Reactions in the Diapiric Area of Yinggehai Basin,Northwestern South China Sea

This study examined the geochemical features of pore water in the diapiric area of the Yinggehai Basin, northwestern South China Sea, and illuminated the origin and evolution of basin flu-ids. Pore wat...     

六盘山盆地下白垩统沉积层序与含油气系统

根据露头剖面、钻井及地震资料对六盘山盆地下白垩统的沉积层序进行了剖析，把下白垩统六盘山群划分为一个沉积层序，分别由低位体系域、湖进体系域和高位体系域组成，反映了早白垩世六盘山盆地从形成、扩张、鼎盛到萎缩消亡的发展过程。探讨了六盘山盆地白垩系含油气系统的地质要素(生油层、储集层、盖层及上覆层)和作用(油气生成、运移、聚集、圈闭形成、关键时刻和保存)的发育特点，指出虽然六盘山盆地白垩系含油气系统形成的关键时刻整体上尚未到达，但在逆冲断块的下盘及断层带附近的局部构造中仍会找到白垩系含油气系统的油气藏。     

Surveying of the deformed terraces and crust shortening rate in the northwestern Tarim Basin

Relief surveying and chronology study were carried out on the deformed river terraces across the Artushi anticline belt in the northwestern Tarim Basin. The crust shortening rate of this anticline belt since late Pleistocene was calculated to be up to 5—6 mm/a. The total crust shortening rate from the northwestern Tarim Basin to southwestern Tianshan since late Pleistocene was estimated to be over 10 mm/a.     

Geochemical significance of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds in various kinds of crude oils from the Tarim Basin

This is a report of the differences in abundances of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds and distribution of alkylated carbazoles among various oils from the Tarim Basin. At the same time, their geochemical significance is discussed.     

Dynamics for multistage pool formation of Lunnan low uplift in Tarim Basin

Lunnan area in the Tarim Basin has become animportant onshore oil production base in China. Formationof the oil and gas pools in the low uplift of Lunnan has ex-perienced a comparatively complex process of dynamics.Based on the hydrocarbon generation period of source rocks,the formation period of cap rocks and traps, the analysis oforganic inclusion and the analysis of bitumen in the reservoir,this paper draws the conclusion that the low uplift area ofLunnan has experienced three pool formation periods: thePermian period, the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period and two oil and gasreservoir adjustment periods: the Late Permian period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period. The comprehensivestudy indicates that the large-scale Ordovician buried hill,formed in Early Hercynian, became the reservoir during thePermian period, because the Cambrian-Lower Ordovicianoil was discharged laterally into the reservoir along the topof the Ordovician weathering crust from south to north. Thereservoir experienced a complicated process—reconstruc-tion in the end of Permian, adjustment in Cretaceous-EarlyTertiary and re-discharging process in Late Tertiary-Qua-ternary, leading to the early original heavy oil reservoir ofmarine facies and the late original light oil reservoir and gaspool. Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reser-voirs result from upward adjustment and re-distribution ofOrdovician oil and gas reservoirs. Of those results, the for-mation of Triassic-Jurassic oil and gas pools came under theinfluence of the northward-tilting structure. The oil and gassourcing from the different hydrocarbon source rock inter-vals vertically migrated into the base unconformity of Trias-sic system. Then the oil and gas migrated laterally fromnorth to south and accumulated into the reservoir.     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘-哈得地区三叠系克拉玛依组地震沉积学研究

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘-哈得地区三叠系作为油气显示富集有利层位之一,目前仅对三叠系进行了盆地级的研究,而区带认识不清,层序内部沉积演化不明,对区块勘探指导针对性不强,急需开展区带化研究。利用覆盖全区的高分辨率三维地震资料和岩心、测井资料的基础之上,运用地震沉积学研究方法分析地震属性结构,识别出面积达18 000 km²的哈拉哈塘-哈得地区克拉玛依组沉积相类型和沉积相平面展布范围,从而较准确的描述出其沉积相演化特征,为后续结合区域构造背景和断层分布来预测岩性油气藏分布提供依据。分析表明：塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘-哈得地区三叠系克拉玛依组整体为湖泊-三角洲沉积体系,上下段差异明显。下段砂体由北东向南西逐渐减少,反映河道影响作用减小,牙哈古隆起斜坡处发育三角洲平原亚相,向南西展布依次发育三角洲前缘亚相和湖泊相。克拉玛依组上段湖盆收缩,广泛发育三角洲平原亚相,向南西-西方向过渡为三角洲前缘亚相和湖泊相。其中,在三角洲平原亚相中发育下切谷沉积体系。     

Water-conserving Potential for Agriculture in the Tarim Basin

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A comprehensive review concerning the problem of marine crudes sources in Tarim Basin

The issue of source of oil/gas in the platform basin area in Tarim Basin has been debated for a long time, and the debate is focused on whether the marine oil/gas resources that have been discovered in the basin were originated from hydrocarbon source rocks in the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician or in the Mid-Upper Ordovician. In this paper a summary was made in regard to the major points and supporting data by the predecessors, and a discussion was conducted toward the core issues related to the study on the oil source in the Tarim Basin area, such as choice of correlation parameters, influence of maturation and physical differentiation on oil source correlation parameters, and geological and geochemical significance of these relevant correlation indices. It is quite probable that different interpretation results could arise from the oil source correlation due to choice of parameters severely affected by the thermal maturation and physical differentiation effect, and insisted that only those parameters that come with clearly defined geochemical significance and are less affected by thermal maturation and variations occurring during secondary evolution process are valid ones. The marine crude in Tarim Basin covers contributions that were originated from two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks as mentioned above but dominated by the one from the Mid-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. Here oil of mixed sources occurs extensively, and crude from Cambrian sources was also discovered. It is suggested that for further study on the origin of marine crudes in Tarim Basin, the parameters used for correlation of oil sources shall be optimized, and a comprehensive set of geological and geochemical methods shall be adopted for this purpose.     

Petroleum enrichment characteristics in Ordovician carbonates in Lunnan area of Tarim Basin

Lunnan heave had experienced denudation during late Caledonian and Hercynian movements and reconstruction during Indosinian movement. Lunnan heave and its circumference areas are located on the direction of petroleum migration, and experienced three reservoir formation cycles that are divided by wave cycle: The first reservoir formation cycle is characterized by breakage, the second by alteration, and the third by enrichment. Three layers of dissolving-cave developed on the vertical in Lunnan area. Development degree of slit-cave system and their connectivity are important factors to control petroleum enrichment in the weathering crust reservoir. The area where dissolving-caves are communicated by silts and faults was a fine petroleum enrichment area, and water was often encountered in the area with isolation cave while drilling because of no oil and gas origin. The top part of the faulted-horst as a leaking area is bearing water area, and the higher part of slope nearing the top part of the faulted-horst as a high seepage area is a heavy oil area due to lack of fine caprock, and the lower part of slope and the platform are light and condensate oil area. The area with the middle-upper Ordovi-cian is the favorable area to explore original carbonate reservoir formed in the earlier stage. The best favorable petroleum enrichment area for carbonates is surrounding Lunnan heave along the slope down to the direction of sags. The precondition to discover petroleum in carbonates is accurately prognosticating the distribution area of silts and caves, and the key to improving the exploration success ratio is accurately recognizing silts and small faults.     

塔里木盆地煤显微组分显微傅里叶红外光谱特征及意义

应用显微红外光谱技术,对塔里木盆地侏罗纪煤中有代表性的3种组分角质体,镜质体、丝质体在不同热模拟温度下的结构组成变化特征进行了研究,结果表明：角质体结构组成中含有较丰富的长链脂族结构,而芳香结构和含氧官能团的含量则相对减少;与此相反,丝质体结构组成中芳香烃占绝对优势,而脂族结构含量则很少,镜质体结构组成介入体和丝质体之间,含有较多的短链脂族结构和芳香结构。据此推断,角质体具有高的生烃潜力,是一种倾油组分;镜质体生烃潜力中等,是一种倾气组分,但也可以生成一定数量的液态烃;丝质体生烃潜力很小,对煤成烃的贡献微不足道,另外,随热模拟温度的升高,3种组分中的脂族结构和含氧官能团都呈现明显的由强到弱的变化,而芳香结构比较稳定,在整个生烃热演化过程中则呈现芳环缩合度增加芳烃相对富集的趋势。由此说明,煤生烃过程主要是一种脂族结构和含氧基团不断脱落,芳香结构不断缩聚的过程。     

塔里木盆地沙尘天气的气候特征

利用塔里木盆地周边28个气象站1961—2003年逐日地面观测资料,分析了沙尘天气 的空间分布特征和时间演变规律,在构建多元线性回归影响因子模型的基础上,探讨了气温 、地温日较差、气压、平均风速、降水量5个气候因子对沙尘天气的影响程度,建立了沙尘 指数。塔里木盆地沙尘天气有着明显的地域分布特征和季节变化,春季是高发期,沙尘日数 与气候因子季节变化的关系非常密切。沙尘日数年际变化呈明显的减少趋势,具有6～9 a的 振荡周期。3—9月盆地沙尘天气的主要影响因子依次是平均风速、降水量和地温日较差。春 季降水量占主导地位,6—9月平均风速占主导地位。选取各月对沙尘天气影响有意义的气候 因子建立了沙尘指数,它在时间序列上对沙尘天气有很好的反映,可用来做沙尘天气出现日 数的气候预测。     

Climate change and hydrologic process response in the Tarim River Basin over the past 50 years

Climate change and hydrologic process response in the Tarim River Basin over the past 50 years are the focus of more and more researchers＇ attention. In this paper, both temperature and precipitation time series were found to present a monotonic increasing trend using nonparametric tests. Noticeably, a significant step change in both temperature and precipitation time series occurred in 1986. By contrasting the trends of natural water process in headstream and mainstream, we found that it was anthropogenic activities not climate change that caused the river dried up and vegetation degenerated in the lower reaches of Tarim River. The results of gray correlation analysis show that the runoff of higher latitude distributing river is more closely associated with winter snow stocking, while that of lower latitude is more closely related to summer temperature. Runoff in the headstream is more sensitive to precipitation, while that in the mainstream is more sensitive to evaporation. The strong evaporation caused by increasing temperature weakened runoff to some extent in spite of the fact that precipitation increased over the past 50 years.     

对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆边界的新认识

对库车坳陷东部地区侏罗纪的湖盆边界作了界定,着重对库车坳陷东部侏罗纪湖盆的北部边界进行了阐述,指出库如力—夏克阔坦东部是库车坳陷东部地区的沉积边界。