银纳米粒子的合成及其在喷墨打印电路中的应用

银纳米粒子在光学、电磁学和生物相容性等方面所具有的独特优点,使其在一系列领域得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了银纳米粒子的合成方法,以及其作为喷墨打印材料在电路制备中的应用,并展望了其发展前景。     

金属纳米颗粒导电墨水的制备及其在印刷电子方面的应用

发展下一代柔性、低价和环境友好的印刷电子技术已取得大量的研究进展。印刷电子是基于印刷原理的电子制备技术,主要是将一些液体分散性好的或可溶性材料进行印刷图案化从而实现电子元器件的制备。印刷电子学涉及大量的基础学科问题,包括材料、设备、工艺与应用多方面的共性技术,但其关键技术之一在于制备环保、低成本的新型导电墨水。结合印刷电子基础与应用研究的发展现状,本文主要对金属纳米颗粒的合成及其导电墨水的制备与相关应用的最新研究进展进行了综述和讨论,并对其在传感器、薄膜晶体管(TFT)、太阳能电池及RFID等方面的最新应用进展进行了概述。     

贵金属纳米粒子与水凝胶复合材料的制备及其在分析化学领域的应用进展

贵金属纳米材料由于其独特的光电化学性能,在分析化学领域应用广泛.但是,纳米粒子在水溶液中不稳定,这在一定程度上限制了贵金属纳米材料的发展,水凝胶载体能够很好地解决此问题.水凝胶具有优异的机械性能、良好的生物相容性和易于改性等特点,在稳定纳米材料的同时,能够提升纳米材料的性质,因此,贵金属纳米粒子与水凝胶复合材料的研究逐...     

各向异性金纳米粒子的制备及其在催化中的应用

尽管有关金纳米粒子催化的研究工作很多,但其中大多数都是采用传统的浸渍法将金盐负载到载体上、共沉淀或沉积-沉淀法制得负载的纳米粒子,但这些方法并未吸收最新的纳米技术。最近,金催化剂的研究者开发了在胶态悬浮液中制取金属纳米粒子,然后进行固载,从而使得单金属和双金属催化剂的催化活性和形貌控制取得较大进展。另一方面,最近十年出现了金纳米粒子合成的高级控制技术,得到了许多各向异性的金纳米粒子,且很容易制得新的形貌,可以控制纳米粒子的表面原子配位数和光学特性(可调的等离子体带),这些都与催化密切相关。这些形貌包括纳米棒、纳米星、纳米花、树枝状纳米结构或多面体纳米粒子等。除了高度关注各向异性金纳米粒子的最新开发的制备方法和性质,本综述也清楚地总结了这些纳米粒子独特的催化性能,以及通过提供更高催化性能的金催化剂、控制暴露的活性位,以及热、电和光催化的鲁棒性和可调性,从而给多相催化领域带来令人惊奇的潜在变革。     

磁性纳米粒子的制备及其在重金属离子处理中的应用

重金属离子污染已成为当前最重要的环境问题之一,建立有效去除和监测重金属离子的方法具有重大意义。磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)除了具有纳米粒子的体积小、表面积大、活性位点高等特点外,其本身具有的磁学特性使MNPs在分离科学领域具有独特的优势。近年来,MNPs在环境分析领域的应用逐渐增多,尤其是在重金属离子的处理方面。该文综述了共沉淀法、微乳液法、溶剂热法和热分解法等几种常见的磁性纳米粒子合成方法,重点讨论了磁性纳米粒子在常见重金属离子如Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)处理中的应用,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

生物法制备各向异性贵金属纳米粒子的研究进展

利用生物法绿色合成各向异性的贵金属纳米粒子(Au,Ag)具有经济环保、制备简单、无毒副作用等优点,成为近年来的研究热点。 本文通过介绍各向异性贵金属纳米粒子的物理化学性质,归纳了生物法,尤其是利用植物源生物质制备各向异性贵金属纳米粒子的研究,并在此基础上进一步阐述了各向异性贵金属纳米粒子的微观生长机理,最后对各向异性贵金属纳米粒子的应用前景做了展望。     

磁性纳米粒子的制备及其在重金属离子处理中的应用

重金属离子污染已成为当前最重要的环境问题之一,建立有效去除和监测重金属离子的方法具有重大意义。磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)除了具有纳米粒子的体积小、表面积大、活性位点高等特点外,其本身具有的磁学特性使MNPs在分离科学领域具有独特的优势。近年来,MNPs在环境分析领域的应用逐渐增多,尤其是在重金属离子的处理方面。该文综述了共沉淀法、微乳液法、溶剂热法和热分解法等几种常见的磁性纳米粒子合成方法,重点讨论了磁性纳米粒子在常见重金属离子如Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)处理中的应用,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

光固化生物3D打印研究进展及其在生物医药领域的应用

生物3D打印是一种利用活细胞、生物分子和生物材料打印生物医学结构的增材制造方法.光固化生物3D打印利用光对生物墨水进行时空控制实现3D结构的精确构筑,具有高效、副产物少的特点,被广泛用于组织工程和再生医学领域.本文对光固化反应的化学原理、常用于光固化生物3D打印的天然、合成生物材料和光固化生物3D打印的工艺、前沿方法进行了总结,并介绍了各工艺在生物医药领域的相关应用,最后展望了光固化生物3D打印面临的问题和未来的发展方向.     

光固化3D打印及其在齿科行业中的应用

光固化3D打印是最早出现的3D打印技术,经过30多年的发展,先后发展出液态树脂固化或光固化（stereolithography,SLA）、数字光处理（digital light processing,DLP）、液晶显示（liquid crystal display,LCD）、连续无分层液体界面提取技术（layerless continuous liquid interface production,CLIP）、双光子3D打印（two-photon polymerization,TPP）、全息3D打印技术等多种打印技术。光固化3D打印技术具有精度高、成型速度快等特点,因此在许多领域都有良好的应用,且前景广阔。在众多领域中,齿科领域个性化特征明显,对打印材料精度要求高,是目前光固化3D打印最有应用潜力和高附加值的领域。本文综述了光固化3D打印技术的种类、原理和技术的优缺点,并简述了光固化3D打印在齿科领域的应用。     

纳米粒子的分类合成及其在生物领域的应用

纳米粒子是当今最受关注也是最常报道的一类纳米材料,尺寸处于纳米级别是纳米粒子的突出特点,这赋予其在化学、光学、电学和磁学等方面优于传统块体材料的独特性能,因而纳米粒子越来越受到人们的重视,并广泛应用于很多领域,尤其是生物医药领域。本文围绕可生物应用的纳米粒子,从组成以及结构的角度着手,将纳米粒子分为有机纳米粒子、无机纳米粒子以及有机/无机杂化纳米粒子。同时结合近三年国内外关于各类纳米粒子新颖的合成报道,分别阐述了上述不同种类纳米粒子所具有的适合生物应用的物理和化学方面的特征,并针对不同类别的新型纳米粒子,着重描述了其具体合成方法和潜在的生物应用。最后,简单介绍了纳米粒子在生命科学这一领域的具体应用实例,如刺激响应感应器、生物特异性标记及基因药物载体等,并展望了纳米粒子在该领域的长远发展。     

In situ generation of Ag nanoparticles during photopolymerization by using newly developed dyes-based three-component photoinitiating systems and the related 3D printing applications and their shape change behavior

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) play a crucial role in biology and medical research as their extensive and efficient antibacterial activity and high electrical and thermal conductivity. However, the generation of them with a certain morphology under mild conditions (under air, solvent-free, room temperature, etc.,) is still a huge challenge. Herein, a simple one-step method is proposed to generate AgNPs in situ at room temperature under air by combining the photopolymerization process with the formation process of AgNPs within a few minutes. In detailed, 12 different dyes based on 2,5-diethylene-cyclopentan-1-one were first synthesized and used as high-performance type II photoinitiator. When using in conjunction of bis-(4-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Iod) and ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB), they can effectively boost the free radical photopolymerization (FRP) of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA) and the cationic photopolymerization (CP) of 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (EPOX) upon irradiation with LED@405 nm. Furthermore, all the formulations containing/without AgNPs can be successfully used to perform the direct laser write experiment. However, even if all of the obtained 3D patterns exhibited reversible swelling performance and shape-memory effects caused by swelling and dehydration for the access to 4D printing, the presence of AgNPs will affect these properties.     

Nanoscale three‐dimensional optical visualization method for a deformation of elastomer printing plate to realize soft nano‐printing technology

Printed electronics, in which microcircuit patterns are fabricated using printing methods, are the focus of considerable attention for the fabrication of devices such as flat panel displays, solar cells, and flexible electronics. In particular, gravure offset printing is considered to be a highly promising approach for rapid printing of fine patterns with well‐controlled thickness. At present, however, because of the occurrence of side etching during fabrication of metal printing plates, features with dimensions of less than 10 µm cannot be printed. In order to overcome this problem, we have previously proposed the use of a rubber printing plate fabricated by photolithography and molding, which is free from side‐etching issues. However, deformation of the printing plate can have a detrimental influence on the transferred pattern. In the present study, we developed a method for visualizing the deformation of a printing plate containing both micropatterns and nanopatterns, in order to study its effect on the printing process. The results were compared with those predicted by an analytic equation under a uniform controlled pressure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3D printing to innovate biopolymer materials for demanding applications: A review

Biopolymers are widely available, low-/nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, chemically versatile, and inherently functional, making them highly potential for a broad range of applications such as biomedicine, food, textile, and cosmetics. 3D printing (3DP) is capable of fabricating some customized, complex material structures composed of single or multiple material constituents that cannot be achieved by conventional methodologies (e.g. internal structures design); thus, 3DP can greatly expand the application of biopolymer materials. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the latest literature in 3DP technology for materials from biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins. The most commonly used 3DP techniques (i.e. inkjet printing, extrusion-based printing, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and binder jetting) in biomedical and food fields are discussed. Critical factors affecting the quality and accuracy of 3D-printed constructs, including rheological characteristics, printing parameters (e.g. printing rate, and nozzle diameter, movement rate, and height), and post-printing processes (e.g. baking, drying, and crosslinking) are analyzed. The properties and the emerging applications of 3D-printed biopolymer materials in biomedical, food, and even wider applications (e.g. wastewater treatment and sensing) are summarized and evaluated. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are discussed. This review can provide insights into the development of new biopolymer-based inks and new biopolymer-based 3D-printed materials with enhanced properties and functionality.     

国外印刷电子产业发展概述

近年来印刷电子有了快速发展,许多有关印刷电子的科研成果,已从实验室投入了生产,初步形成了印刷电子产业体系。本文介绍了应用于印刷电子的各类有机、无机材料及工艺装备,特别详细列举了各类印刷电子产品及其应用情况,这些印刷电子产品已开始进入人们日常生活的多个方面。虽然印刷电子产业尚处于发展初级阶段,市场不够成熟,但已显示出十分光明的发展前景。文中还指出政府机构的重视和支持是国外印刷电子产业发展的重要因素。     

Facile preparation of water dispersible red fluorescent organic nanoparticles and their cell imaging applications

Red fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) based on a cyano-substituted diarylethylene and tetraphenylethene derivative conjugated molecule (R-TPE) were facilely prepared via surfactant modification with lecithin for the first time. The obtained R-TPE-LEC FONs were characterized by a series of techniques including fluorescence and UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Biocompatibility evaluation and cell uptake behavior of R-TPE-LEC FONs were further investigated to explore their potential biomedical application. We demonstrated that such red FONs exhibit anti-aggregation-caused quenching property, broad excitation wavelength, high water dispersibility, uniform morphology (40–60 nm), and excellent biocompatibility, making them promising for cell imaging application.     

Extrusion 3D printing of conjugated polymers

Conjugated polymers combine electronic charge transport properties with the ability to transport ions, enabling transduction between ionic and electronic currents. Many applications of conjugated polymers, such as biointerfaces, actuators, and energy storage, benefit from 3D structures. Among different methods for 3D fabrication, extrusion-based 3D printing is a versatile approach that is compatible with multimaterial fabrication processes. This review summarizes progress in the emerging field of 3D printed conjugated polymers using three extrusion printing processes: direct ink write, meniscus-guided printing, and electrohydrodynamic printing. Ink designs for direct in write are described in depth, including strategies for modifying the rheology and conductivity of the inks.     

Sol-Gel processing of silica nanoparticles and their applications

Recently, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have drawn widespread attention due to their applications in many emerging areas because of their tailorable morphology. During the last decade, remarkable efforts have been made on the investigations for novel processing methodologies to prepare SNPs, resulting in better control of the size, shape, porosity and significant improvements in the physio-chemical properties. A number of techniques available for preparing SNPs namely, flame spray pyrolysis, chemical vapour deposition, micro-emulsion, ball milling, sol-gel etc. have resulted, a number of publications. Among these, preparation by sol-gel has been the focus of research as the synthesis is straightforward, scalable and controllable. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent progress in the field of synthesis of SNPs exhibiting ordered mesoporous structure, their distribution pattern, morphological attributes and applications. The mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with good dispersion, varying morphology, narrow size distribution and homogeneous porous structure have been successfully prepared using organic and inorganic templates. The soft template assisted synthesis using surfactants for obtaining desirable shapes, pores, morphology and mechanisms proposed has been reviewed. Apart from single template, double and mixed surfactants, electrolytes, polymers etc. as templates have also been intensively discussed. The influence of reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, concentration of reagents, drying techniques, solvents, precursor, aging time etc. have also been deliberated. These MSNPs are suitable for a variety of applications viz., in the drug delivery systems, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biosensors, cosmetics as well as construction materials. The applications of these SNPs have also been briefly summarized.     

Hetero-nanostructure of silver nanoparticles on MO_x(M=Mo,Ti and Si) and their applications

This paper reviews the recent research progress in the hetero-nanostructure of silver nanoparticles on MOx (M=Mo, Ti and Si). It describes the general synthesis of hetero-nanostructure of silver nanoparticles on MOx, and then outlines the interesting catalytic and sensing properties found in these hetero-nanostructures of silver nanoparticles on MOx.     

Plant-assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles for photocatalytic,anticancer, and antioxidant applications

The current study is the first to disclose a quick, cost-effective, and environmentally safe phytofabrication of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that remained stable for three months utilizing the aqueous extract of T. capensis leaves to uphold the principles of green chemistry such as less hazardous chemical syntheses, safer solvents and auxiliaries, design for energy efficiency, and use of renewable feedstocks. Several approaches were used to describe T. capensis-AuNPs, with the findings revealing the successful phytoformation of crystalline AuNPs with a dark brown color, spherical nanoparticles with a size range of 10–35 nm, a surface plasmon peak at 515 nm, and a surface charge of ? 24.5 mV. T. capensis-AuNPs showed 72% photodegradation efficacy against malachite green. The MTT experiment revealed that T. capensis-AuNPs and T. capensis extract had excellent potency in preventing the development and proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MCF7 cell line), with IC50 values of 9.6 g/mL and 23.3 g/mL, respectively. Both T. capensis-AuNPs and T. capensis extract had significant antioxidant efficacies, with DPPH scavenging percentages of 70.73% for T. capensis-AuNPs and 85.62% for T. capensis extract. Consequently, these findings suggest a new and sustainable route for the green synthesis of AuNPs using the aqueous extract of T. capensis.     

功能型聚合物光子晶体的制备及应用

光子晶体因其特殊的光调控性能,在各类高性能光学器件方面具有重要的应用前景.本文主要阐述了功能型聚合物光子晶体的制备方法及其在防护涂层、高效发光、高灵敏检测和高性能光信息存储等方面的应用.