反应萃取手性分离苯基琥珀酸对映体动力学研究

通过恒界面池研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)萃取苯基琥珀酸对映体(PSA)动力学.采用伴随化学反应的萃取理论获得萃取动力学.实验分别考察了搅拌速率、界面面积、对映体浓度和萃取剂浓度等条件对PSA对映体萃取动力学的影响.实验结果表明:HP-β-CD萃取PSA对映体的反应为快反应;对对映体反应是一级反应,对萃取剂反应是二级反应;R-PSA,S-PSA反应速率常数分别为3.4×10-2m6mol-2s-1,9.96×103m6mol-2s-1.这些数据对萃取过程的设计是很重要的.     

手性化合物的萃取分离研究进展

综述手性化合物的萃取分离方法,包括亲合萃取分离、配位萃取分离、形成非对映体立体异构体萃取分离、离子交换反应萃取分离、反相胶团萃取分离以及膜萃取分离。中性氨基酸的萃取分离将会成为研究的热点。     

组合手性萃取拆分克伦特罗外消旋体

以D-二苯甲酰酒石酸(D-DBTA)和D-二对甲苯甲酰酒石酸(D-DTTA)的组合作为手性选择剂,研究克伦特罗对映体在水相和有机相中的萃取分配行为,优化了手性萃取条件,考察了组合手性选择剂的不同摩尔浓度比、有机溶剂、水相pH值和亲脂性阴离子BPh4-对手性萃取性能的影响,并测定了手性萃取拆分过程中的热力学函数.在优化的手性萃取条件下,有机相中的对映体过量值(e.e.%)可大于10%,而所使用的选择剂量相对大为降低.热力学数据分析表明,该手性萃取过程为焓控过程.     

手性配体立体选择性萃取分离扁桃酸对映体

Based on chiral ligand exchange, the distribution behavior of mandelic acid enantiomers in the two-phase system containing copper ion(Ⅱ)(Cu²⁺) and N-n-dedecane-L-hydroxyproline (L), was studied. At different pH, the partition of Cu²⁺ in the two-phase system containing N-n-dedecane-L-hydroxyproline, was investigated. The formation constant of binary cpmplex(Li₂Cu) was obtained by regression. The influence of pH, concentrations of Cu²⁺ and chiral ligand, and solvents on partition coefficients(K) and separation factor(α), was discussed. The experimental results show that Li forms more stable ternary complex with D-mandelic acid than with L- mandelic acid. There is a large influence of pH on K and α. At low pH values (<3.5), formation of binary complexes is thermodynamically unfavourable. K and α are best when pH values are above 3.5 and the molar ratio of chiral ligand to Cu²⁺ is 2∶1. At the same time, solvents influence K and α very much.     

手性配体立体选择性萃取拆分对映体动力学研究

建立了一些手性配体立体选择性萃取拆分对映体的动力学方程,并以过渡金属Cu2 与手性配体Nn十二烷基L羟基脯氨酸所形成的二元配合物配位萃取拆分扁桃酸对映体的实验对动力学方程进行了验证,在本实验条件下计算得到D扁桃酸和L扁桃酸总的传质系数分别为:kovD=8.33×10-5ms,kovL=7.75×10-5ms。实验结果表明有关动力学参数对萃取拆分过程可以进行预测和有效控制。     

手性选择剂萃取分离特布他林对映体

手性选择剂萃取分离特布他林对映体;特布他林对映体;手性选择剂萃取;中空纤维;膜分离     

基于手性配体交换反应立体选择性萃取分离氧氟沙星对映体

基于配体交换反应,研究了氧氟沙星对映体在含有Cu²⁺和N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸手性配体(L)两相体系中的分配平衡.在不同pH条件下,考察了Cu²⁺在含有N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸两相中的分布;研究了pH,Cu²⁺浓度,手性配体浓度等因素对氧氟沙星对映体在两相中的分配系数(K)和分离因子(α)的影响.实验结果表明,N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸对R-氧氟沙星对映体萃取能力大于对S-对映体的萃取能力;pH对K和α的影响很大,在pH值小于3.5时,L₂Cu二元配合物的生成在热力学上看是不适宜的,萃取时pH宜大于3.5;手性配体和Cu²⁺摩尔比为2:1,K和α最佳;使用2×1中空纤维膜对氧氟沙星对映体进行萃取分离,出口水相氧氟沙星对映体浓度比值(S/R)约为1.72.     

分子模型在对映体分离的手性识别机理研究中的应用

本文对分子模型及其在手性色谱分离机理研究中的应用作了综述。     

脲型手性固定相高效液相色谱拆分苯基琥珀酸对映体

苯基琥珀酸(PSA)是药物原料N 甲基 α 苯基琥珀酰亚胺(phensuximide)的重要中间体。(S) ( ) PSA是一种很好的扑尔敏药物手性拆分剂,并可作为手性选择子合成液相色谱手性固定相[1]。外消旋的PSA通常采用光活性的番木鳖碱或(-) 脯氨酸化学衍生结晶拆分[2,3]。PSA对映体的高效液相色谱(HPLC)拆分未见文献报道。1　实验部分　　仪器　美国TSP公司HPLC仪:3500 3200型高压梯度泵,UV2000型双波长紫外吸收检测器,Rheodyne7725i进样阀,PC1000色谱工作站。PE341型旋光仪。　　试剂　正己烷、1,2 二氯乙烷、乙醇、三氟乙酸,均为国产分…     

酮洛芬对映体的双相识别手性萃取分离

研究了酮洛芬在溶有酒石酸酯的有机相和β-环糊精衍生物水相萃取体系中的分配行为;考察了有机溶剂、酒石酸酯、环糊精衍生物的种类、萃取剂浓度和pH等因素对分离效果的影响。结果表明,β-环糊精衍生物优先识别S-对映体而不是R-对映体,但L-酒石酸酯的识别能力刚好相反;1,2-二氯乙烷作为有机溶剂,三甲基-β-环糊精和L-酒石酸异丁酯做手性萃取剂是最好的选择;萃取剂的浓度和pH对分离效果有明显影响;当三甲基-β-环糊精和L-酒石酸异丁酯的浓度分别为0.1mol/L和0.2mol/L、水相pH=2.5时,分离效果最好。     

Achiral and chiral analysis of duloxetine by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods,a review on the separation methodologies

Duloxetine (DLX) is a widely used antidepressant drug belonging to the class of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs); its efficacy has been demonstrated in the treatment of not only major depressive disorders but also diabetic neuropathic pain, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia or stress urinary incontinence. It is a chiral substance and is used in therapy in the form of the enantiopure S‐DLX, which is twice as active as R‐DLX. Several methods have been published for the achiral and chiral determination of DLX in pharmaceuticals, biological materials and environmental samples, the majority using liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled with different detection techniques (UV detection, fluorescence, mass spectrometry). The aim of the current review is to provide a systematic survey of the analytical techniques used for the determination of DLX from different matrices.     

稻杆的热溶剂提质及多级分离

采用1-甲基萘(1-MN)为溶剂,在不同温度下(250、300、350 ℃)对稻秆进行热溶剂提质及多级分离,获得3种主要固体产物:低分子量萃取物(soluble)、高分子量萃取物(deposit)和萃取残渣(residue),以及少量气体产物和液体产物。对各组分的元素组成、化学结构、物理化学特性等进行了详细分析,并采用ICP-MS测定了其碱金属和碱土金属(AAEM)含量。结果发现,低分子量萃取物收率随着温度的升高而增大,350 ℃时碳基收率达到33.48%。3种固体产物的碳含量和氧含量随着温度的升高而分别升高和降低,350 ℃时soluble、deposit的碳含量分别高达82.36%、80.59%,氧含量分别低至9.50%、12.03%,稻杆原样中高达86.99%的氧以H₂O或CO₂的形式释放。soluble几乎无灰,deposit的灰含量也低于1.50%。3种固体产物的高位发热量显著高于稻杆原样。FT-IR结果表明,稻杆热溶剂处理过程中除发生了脱水反应、脱羧基反应外,还有明显的芳香化反应。soluble和deposit的Na、Mg和K含量极低,而且随温度的升高其含量逐渐降低。总之,热溶剂提质及多级分离法实现了温和条件下的生物质脱水脱氧提质,并获得低灰低氧含量、高碳含量和发热量的多种产物,此方法有较好的应用前景。     

立体选择性萃取分离反式DV菊酸对映体

研究了反式DV菊酸对映体在含有手性选择体酒石酸酯的水-有机相双相体系中的萃取分配行为,考察了有机稀释剂种类、酒石酸酯的浓度、温度、水相的pH值、酒石酸酯烷基链长度对分配系数(D)和分配因子(α)的影响.研究表明:三氯甲烷作稀释剂时萃取分离效果较好;温度升高使分配系数增大,分离因子减小;分配系数随pH的升高而降低,随着酒石酸酯浓度的增大而增大,分离因子随pH的升高和酒石酸酯浓度的增大先增加后降低,pH和酒石酸酯浓度分别为4.50和0.40mol/L时取得较好的分离效果;取代烷基链长对分配系数(D)和分离因子(α)亦有较大影响.     

以万古霉素为手性选择剂的氨基酸对映体的毛细管电泳快速分离

建立了以万古霉素为手性分离选择剂的毛细管电泳氨基酸对映体快速分离的方法。向缓冲溶液中加入０．００２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）的（１,５－二甲基－１,５－二氮杂十一烷亚甲基聚Ｎ－甲溴化物（ｈｅｘａｄｉｍｅｔｈｒｉｎｅ ｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ ＨＤＢ）做电渗流改性剂,使电渗流的迁移方向反转,与分析物方向一致,缩短了分析时间。此外,ＨＤＢ还使毛细管壁得到动态修饰,减少了万古霉素在毛细管壁上的吸附,从而提高了柱效。考察了缓冲溶     

在Chiral-AGP柱上分离氟布洛芬、罗哌卡因、西替利嗪和反式－2－苯基环丙基硼酸等外消旋体化合物

应用HPLC方法在100mm×4.6mm的Chiral-AGP手性固定相柱上，分离氟布洛芬、 西替利嗪、罗哌卡因等手性药物和反式－2－苯基环丙基硼酸的对映体混合物。考 察了流动相pH值和缓冲液浓度等对样品在柱上的保留和分离的影响，研究了流动相 中加入四种不带电荷的有机添加剂乙腈、甲醇、正丙醇和异丙醇以及加入不同浓度 的有机添加剂等对对映体分离性的影响。此方法用于手性药物合成中的对映过量值 的测定，取得满意的效果。     

基于直链淀粉衍生物手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法拆分4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体及其分离机制的探讨

建立了以直链淀粉衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体的方法。考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相改性剂和添加剂的体积分数、柱温和流速等对4种药物对映体分离的影响。结果表明:在Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱上,在正己烷-乙醇-二乙胺(20∶80∶0.03,v/v/v)为流动相、流速0.550 mL/min、柱温40℃的条件下,普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛对映体均达到基线分离,分离度分别为1.37、1.80、2.09和4.70。通过热力学研究及对映体结构分析对拆分机理进行了探讨,发现4种药物对映体的手性拆分均为焓驱动过程,而固定相的手性空腔对不同药物的拆分影响较大。研究结果为β-受体阻滞剂的深入研究提供了参考方法。     

Enantioselective analysis of venlafaxine and its active metabolites: A review on the separation methodologies

Venlafaxine (VFX) is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor chiral drug used in therapy as an antidepressant in the form of a racemate consisting of R‐ and S‐VFX. The two enantiomers of VFX exhibit different pharmacological activities: R‐VFX inhibits both norepinephrine and serotonin synaptic reuptake, whereas S‐VFX inhibits only the serotonin one. R‐ and S‐VFX are metabolized in the liver to the respective R‐ and S‐O‐desmethylvenlafaxine (ODVFX), R‐ and S‐N‐desmethylvenlafaxine (NDVFX), and R‐ and S‐N,O‐didesmethylvenlafaxine (NODVFX). The pharmacological profile of ODVFX is close to that of VFX, whereas the other two chiral metabolites (NDVFX and NODVFX) have lower affinity for the receptor sites. The pharmacokinetics of the VFX enantiomers appear stereoselective, including the metabolism process. In the past 20 years, several studies describing the enantioselective analysis of R‐ and S‐VFX in pharmaceutical formulations and its chiral metabolites in biological matrices were published. These methods encompass liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection, mass spectrometry, or tandem mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis. This paper reviews the published methods used for the determination of the individual enantiomers of VFX and its chiral metabolites in different matrices.     

HPTLC separation of aromatic α-amino acid enantiomers on a new histidine-based stationary phase using ligand exchange

Summary A new chiral ligand exchange selector for hydrophobic stationary phase modification has been synthesized by selective alkylation of L-histidine at the pyrrolic nitrogen atom in its imidazolic ring. Its performance was then tested on RP-HPTLC plates treated with copper acetate. Significant selectivity towards aromatic amino acid enantiomers, was observed. Chromatographic retention data were compared to available thermodynamic complex formation parameters for the relevant model systems in aqueous solution.Stationary and mobile phase effects on retention were studied by using different RP-HPTLC plates and various binary aqueous solvent mixtures.Optimized separation conditions for aromatic amino acid sample class are given.     

Preparation of chitosan‐based molecularly imprinted material for enantioseparation of racemic mandelic acid in aqueous medium by solid phase extraction

An S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin was synthesized by cross‐linking chitosan with glutaraldehyde in 2% acetic acid solution. S‐Mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin was used to enantioselectively separate racemic mandelic acid in aqueous medium. When keeping the pH of sample solution (100 mM Tris‐H₃PO₄) at 3.5 and adsorption time at 40 min, the enantiomer excess of mandelic acid in supernatant was 78.8%. The adsorption capacities of S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin for S‐ and R‐mandelic acid were determined to be 29.5 and 2.03 mg/g, respectively. While the adsorption capacities of non‐imprinted cross‐linked chitosan for S‐ and R‐mandelic acid were 2.10 and 2.08 mg/g, respectively. The result suggests that the imprinted caves in S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin are highly matched with S‐mandelic acid molecule in space structure and spatial arrangement of action sites. Interestingly, the enantiomer excess value of mandelic acid in supernatant after adsorption of racemic mandelic acid by R‐mandelic acid imprinted cross‐linked chitosan was 25.4%. The higher enantiomer excess value by S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin suggests that the chiral carbons in chitosan and the imprinted caves in S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin combine to play roles for the enantioselectivity of S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin toward S‐mandelic acid. Furthermore, the excellent enantioselectivity of S‐mandelic acid imprinted chitosan resin toward S‐mandelic acid demonstrates that using chiral chitosan as functional monomer to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers has great potential in enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals.