近红外光谱快速测定高浓度烟酰胺

利用烟酰胺在乙醇溶液中波段范围为9001-8060cm^-1和7443-7144cm^-1的近红外一阶导数吸收光谱，经过中心化、矢量归一化预处理，应用偏最小二乘法回归来消除溶剂乙醇的近红外吸收干扰，建立了快速高浓度烟酰胺的方法。54个样本作为校正集，PLS最佳回归因子数为4时，决定系数等于0.997；线性范围为0.13-0.70mol/L。本方法应用于9个待测样品，预测相对偏差小于2.9%，结果令人满意，同时还讨论了一些影响回归精度的因素。     

CCD近红外光谱分析技术在测定红烟硝酸中的应用

从化学计量学角度研究了CCD近红外光谱技术在无机物领域分析中的应用。使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了红烟硝酸的密度、水分含量等五项指标的快速测定模型,验证了近红外光谱测定红烟硝酸各项指标的可靠性。试验证明,CCD近红外光谱方法具有重现性好、分析速度快、使用样品量少、可以在线分析等优点,可以用于无机物的常规分析。     

近红外光谱法测定汽油中的烯烃含量

近红外光谱法测定汽油中的烯烃含量;汽油;烯烃;近红外光谱;偏最小二乘回归     

近红外光谱法快速测定生物柴油调和比及理化指标

通过比较偏最小二乘法(PLS)处理调和生物柴油近红外光谱图与标准方法测定调和生物柴油所获得的基础数据,确立了调和生物柴油的调和比、密度、运动黏度、热值、闭口闪点及冷凝点之间的相互关系。结果表明:经优化后,在OPUS光谱分析软件推荐维数(Rank)下,各指标模型的预测值与标准测定值之间线性相关关系均显著。在用于测定未知调和生物柴油样品的上述指标方面具有测定快速简便、误差小、成本低等优点,并用马氏距离限制异常项,每份生物柴油各指标的马氏距离都处于允许范围内。对于新类型生物柴油,可向模型添加10个以上调配样本,扩充模型后即可用于测定这类型调和生物柴油相关理化指标,可成为测定调和生物柴油相关理化指标新方法。在此基础上,可进一步开发出生物柴油近红外光学理化指标测定仪,实现低成本与快速测定。     

近红外光谱法快速测定推进剂中N-甲基对硝基苯胺

采用近红外光谱法快速测定固体推进剂中N-甲基对硝基苯胺(MNA)的含量。评价了滤波平滑、一阶导数、二阶导数、多元散射校正(MSC)和标准正态变量校正(SNV)这5种不同光谱预处理方法的优化效果,基于建模参数优化结果建立了MNA定量模型,并对模型进行了准确性和重复性验证。结果表明,光谱最佳预处理方式是SNV,模型最佳主因子数为7,模型校正决定系数(R_C²)和验证决定系数(R_P²)分别为0.998 6和0.987 2,交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.012 0和0.009 8,重复性极差和绝对误差均低于0.2%。近红外光谱法与液相色谱法测定结果相比相对偏差在6%以内,经t检验,两种方法测定结果无显著性差异。近红外光谱法快速、准确,可用于推进剂老化进程监控。     

近红外光谱法测定黄芩提取物中黄芩苷含量

近红外光谱技术(NIR)是近年来快速发展的一种新型光谱分析技术,具有快速、高效、无污染、非破坏性以及实时分析等优点~([1]),已在农业、烟草、石油化工、医药等多领域得到广泛应用.尤其在药物分析方面,体现出近红外光谱分析的巨大潜力~([2]).     

近红外漫反射光谱法测定黄连浸膏粉中生物碱含量

采用近红外漫反射光谱法对黄连浸膏粉中小檗碱、巴马亭、药根碱和总生物碱含量进行快速无损检测。以HPLC分析值作参比,采用偏最小二乘回归算法建立二阶导数光谱信息与各组分含量间的定量校正模型,并对未知样品中各组分含量进行预测。小檗碱、巴马亭、药根碱和总生物碱的预测均方差(RMSEP)分别为0．184、0．109、0．054和0．325;加样回收率分别为97．67％～99．59％、96．63％～100．70％、95．15％～101．15％和97．41％～99．89％,重现性实验相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0．3％、0．6％、1．8％和0．3％。该方法结果准确可靠,重现性、稳定性均良好,适用于工业现场的原位和在线检测。     

近红外光谱法快速测定肼-70纯度

利用重量法精确配制不同肼质量分数的肼-70样品集,采用偏最小二乘法建立了肼质量分数的近红外光谱模型,以快速测定肼-70的纯度。样品恒温时间为5 min,光谱最佳预处理方式:均值中心化,一阶导数,21点平滑,模型最佳主因子数为4。近红外光谱法与碘酸钾直接滴定法测定结果相比相对偏差绝对值小于0.13%,经t检验,两种方法测定结果无显著性差异。近红外光谱法快速、准确,可用于肼-70产品的质量控制。     

人工神经网络用于近红外光谱测定柴油闪点

采用主成分－人工神经网络对不同留程柴油的近红外光谱进行校正,预测其闪点。采用监控集控制网络训练过程,以避免过训练。探讨了人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）、直接线性连接人工神经网络（ＬＡＮＮ）的校正效果,并与局部权重回归（ＬＷＲ）、主成分回归（ＰＣＲ）及偏最小二乘（ＰＬＳ）等校正方法进行了比较,认为人工神经及直接线性关联的较好手段。     

近红外光谱技术用于花生油中棕榈油含量的测定

本文采用近红外光谱技术采集样品的近红外光谱数据,光谱经一阶求导后,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立花生油中棕榈油含量的定标模型,并用交互验证法对模型进行了验证。模型相关系数为0.9963,校正均方根(RMSEC)为0.937。该模型应用于实际样品的检测,结果令人满意。     

用傅里叶变换红外光谱测定汽油有关性质

用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）,在1550－660cm^-1波数范围内,采用化学计量学的偏最小二乘法（PLS）,测定汽油的辛烷值（RON）、密度、馏程（50％、90％）、芳烃、烯烃等质量性质。 试验结果表明,实验室标准方法测定的真值和红外光谱预测值的相关性好,检验结果符合国家标准方法的再现性要求。     

拉曼光谱法测定芳烃物料的馏程

应用拉曼光谱法测定了芳烃物料的馏程.采用芳烃样品60个,其中50个为校正样品集,10个为预测样品集,在拉曼光谱位移为400 ～1 800 cm~(-1)范围内进行光谱预处理,并应用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立了各馏程的校正模型,其相关系数(r~2)分别为0.87、 0.89、0.98、0.97、0.94、0.89、0.88(相应蒸馏回收百分数分别为5%、10%、30%、50%、70%、90%、95%).在置信水平99.5%,α为0.005时,各馏程t值均小于3.69(临界值),表明拉曼光谱法预测结果与常压蒸馏法的测定结果无显著性差别.采用拉曼光谱技术可以快速测定芳烃物料的馏程.     

磁场作用下葡萄糖近红外光谱检测技术研究

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了磁场强度对葡萄糖溶液近红外光谱的影响,发现磁场作用下葡萄糖的近红外光谱吸收强度和部分峰位发生显著变化。分析了磁场对葡萄糖溶液近红外光谱吸收的影响机理。采用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立了磁场作用下葡萄糖溶液的定量分析模型,使用验证集进行验证。研究结果表明,磁场对葡萄糖分子基团偶极矩产生诱导作用,使偶极矩增大,吸收增强;同时磁场作用下,葡萄糖分子趋于沿平行于磁场的方向排列,其基团振动频率(特征吸收峰)吸光度与浓度变化的线性关系得到极大的改善。该研究有助于提高葡萄糖分子吸收强度及其测量精度,为进一步提高血糖检测精度提供技术支持。     

Characterization of Chickpea Flour by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Near infrared (NIR) spectrometry was used for the rapid characterization of quality parameters in desi chickpea flour (besan). Partial least square regression, principal component regression (PCR), interval partial least squares (iPLS), and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS) were used to determine the protein, carbohydrate, fat, and moisture concentrations of besan. Spectra were collected in reflectance mode using a lab-built predispersive filter-based instrument from 700 to 2500?nm. The quality parameters were also determined by standard methods. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the calibration and validation sets was used to evaluate the performance of the models. The correlation coefficients for moisture, fat, protein, and carbohydrates in chickpea flour exceeded 0.96 using PLS and PCR models using the full spectral range. Wavelengths from 2100 to 2345?nm had the lowest RMSE for quality parameters by iPLS. The error was further decreased by 0.41, 0.1, and 1.1% for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins by siPLS. The NIR spectral regions yielding the lowest RMSE of prediction were 1620–2345?nm for carbohydrates, 1180–1590?nm and 1860–2094?nm for fat, and 1700–2345?nm for proteins. The study shows that chickpea flour quality parameters were accurately determined using the optimized wavelengths.     

近红外光谱法同时测定多种雌、孕激素

研究并建立了用近红外吸收光谱同时测定多种雌、孕激素含量的快速方法,以四氢呋喃为溶剂,测定了雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酚酮,安宫黄体酮混合溶液的近红外光谱,利用雌,孕激素类物质在6000－11000cm^-1之间的近红外吸收,用偏最小二乘法解析重叠光谱,求得各组分的含曦,结果表明近外光谱法可以有效地同时检测雌二醇,雌三醇、雌酚酮和安宫黄体酮;并讨论了多种因素对测量精度的影响。     

Quantitative Analysis of Catalpol in Chinese Patent Medicine Lixin Pill by Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Lixin pill is a typical Chinese patent medicine with anti-rheumatic heart disease activity that has been widely used in clinical practice. Therefore it is very important to detect the concentration of catalpol, as the main component of the active ingredient. Near-infrared reflectance（NIR） spectroscopy was used to study the content of catalpol in the unprocessed Chinese patent medicine of Lixin pills. NIR is applied to quantitatively analyze 77 sam- ples, which were randomly divided into a calibration set containing 61 samples and a prediction set containing 16 samples. To get a satisfying result, partial least squares（PLS） regression was utilized to establish quantitative models. In PLS regression, the values of coefficient of determination（R2） and root mean square error of cross-validation （RMSECV） of PLS regression are 0.9419 and 0.0216, respectively. The process of establishing model, parameters of model, and prediction results were also discussed in detail（root mean square error of prediction is 0.0164）. The over- all results show that NIR spectroscopy can be efficiently utilized for the rapid and accurate analysis of routine chemical compositions in the Chinese patent medicine of Lixin pills. The prediction set suggests that this quantitative analysis model has excellent generalization ability and prediction precision. Accordingly, the result can provide tech- nical support for the further analysis of catalpol in unprocessed Lixin pill. Moreover, this study supplied technical support for the further analysis of other Chinese patent medicine samples.     

Determination of Selenium by Single-Drop Microextraction and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy

A simple and convenient assay based on single-drop microextraction with infrared spectroscopy is reported for the determination of selenium. The extraction conditions were carefully optimized and selenium was preconcentrated through single-drop microextraction in 1,2-dichloroethane containing N-hydroxy-N-phenyl-N′-(o-tolyl) benzimidamide. The method is selective and almost all common ions including molybdenum(VI), chromium(VI), and tungsten(VI) did not interfere with the isolation protocol. The selenite band at 875?±?2?cm^?1, which is assigned to the asymmetric vibrational stretch (υ₃), was used for the quantification of selenium. Low limits of detection and quantification of 2.0 and 6.6?µg?L^?1 demonstrate the sensitivity of the method. Good precision was evaluated by the standard deviation (2.0?µg?L^?1) and relative standard deviation (0.5%) for 8?µg?L^?1 was achieved for 10 measurements. The method was used to analyze human blood, urine, and water for selenium.     

Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Andrographolides in Andrographis paniculata by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

The potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine has been evaluated. Seven quantitative parameters, andrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide, neoandrographolide, moisture, ash content, and alcohol-soluble extract of Andrographis paniculata, were evaluated by NIRS. The reference values of andrographolides were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the others were obtained using the standard methods of the 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The predicted values were determined by a quantitative model using NIRS based on partial least square regression. Different spectral preprocessing methods, spectral ranges, and optimum number of factors were selected to optimize the models. All models were estimated by the combination of various parameters, including the correlation coefficient of calibration for andrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide, neoandrographolide, moisture, ash content, alcohol-soluble extract (values of 0.980, 0.984, 0.989, 0.983, 0.987, 0.988, 0.979, respectively), root mean square error of calibration (values of 0.156, 0.038, 0.050, 0.029, 0.604, 0.431, 0.135, respectively), root mean square error of prediction (values of 0.169, 0.041, 0.050, 0.033, 0.280, 0.493, 0.140, respectively), root mean square error of cross-validation (values of 0.626, 0.114, 0.158, 0.046, 1.145, 0.774, 0.508, respectively), and ratio of standard deviation to standard error of prediction (values of 4.583, 4.690, 4.796, 4.899, 4.899, 4.690, 5.099, respectively). The results show that the calibration models by NIRS are reliable and can be applied for the quantification for seven parameters from A. paniculata for quality control in traditional Chinese medicine production and processing.     

啤酒主要成分的近红外光谱法测定

根据近红外光谱的振动吸收强度与有机分子官能团含量的线性关系,用偏最小二乘法,对啤酒的近红外光谱与其中的酒精度、原麦汁浓度以及总酸含量等3种主要成分进行了线性回归,并建立起相关的模型。用该模型对未知啤酒样品中的上述3种成分的含量进行预测,取得了令人非常满意的结果。可望作为啤酒厂的一种快捷而准确的检测方法予以推广。     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱法同时定量分析水溶液中乙醇、果糖和葡萄糖

利用乙醇、果糖和葡萄糖在波数为14000-7500cm^-1范围内的吸收值,在近红外谱区用偏最小二乘法（PLS）对体系进行建模,并通过内部和外部样品校验确认最佳数据预处理方法。结果表明,乙醇在0.05-0.25L/L,果糖在0.01-0.05g/mL及葡萄糖在0.005-0.009g/mL的范围内外部校验模型较好的分别是在PLS中所用的一阶偏导（平滑点数是5）、二阶偏导（平滑点数是5）和直线消除法的数据预处理方法所建立的模型,其外部校验预测结果的相对误差在2%左右。此方法具有可同时测定不同样品,简便快速及成本低等优点。