集成原子光学:原子芯片

原子光学是当前研究得比较热的学科，由于原子激光冷却技术和纳米技术的成熟，原子光学朝着微型化和集成化的方向发展．文章主要介绍了当前集成原子光学的一个焦点——原子芯片及其最新实验进展：包括不同形式的原子导引方式，当前原子芯片的实验工作，原子芯片在玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)研究中的应用，以及原子芯片在其他方面的应用前景．     

集成原子光学及其原子芯片

随着原子激光冷却、囚禁与操控技术以及微米、纳米微电子制作技术的快速发展与不断完善,一个新兴的原子光学分支学科一“集成原子光学及其原子芯片”正在形成。本文重点介绍了集成原子光学及其原子芯片的集成方案、实验结果及其最新进展：包括表面微结构原子光学元器件、微磁结构集成原子光学、微光结构集成原子光学和微磁光结构集成原子光学及其原子芯片的设计方案与微制作技术及其最新实验结果。最后,简单总结了原子芯片的设计原则,讨论了芯片设计与研制中尚待解决的问题,并就集成原子光学的潜在应用及其未来发展作一简单展望。     

集成原子光学及其原子芯片

随着原子激光冷却、囚禁与操控技术以及微米、纳米微电子制作技术的快速发展与不断完善,一个新兴的原子光学分支学科—“集成原子光学及其原子芯片”正在形成。本文重点介绍了集成原子光学及其原子芯片的集成方案、实验结果及其最新进展:包括表面微结构原子光学元器件、微磁结构集成原子光学、微光结构集成原子光学和微磁光结构集成原子光学及其原子芯片的设计方案与微制作技术及其最新实验结果。最后,简单总结了原子芯片的设计原则,讨论了芯片设计与研制中尚待解决的问题,并就集成原子光学的潜在应用及其未来发展作一简单展望。     

用原子芯片操纵中性原子

原子芯片提供了一个稳定、精确且功能强大的实验平台来制备和操纵中性超冷原子。本文概述了近年来原子芯片的研究发展状况,并介绍了原子芯片上微势阱的设计原理以及几个典型的原子芯片实验,然后讨论了芯片实验中的原子损失、加热和退相干机制,最后对原子芯片可能的发展方向进行了预测。     

原子芯片的基本原理、关键技术及研究进展

飞速发展的激光冷却、囚禁与操控中性原子的理论和实验技术不仅促进了人们对微观物质运动规律的认知,而且在精密测量和量子信息领域催生了多项颠覆性的器件与应用.不同于传统复杂庞大的原子光学实验装置,原子芯片通过在硅等基底上制备的表面微纳结构或器件来精准控制磁场、电场或光场,从而在小尺度、低功耗条件下实现对原子的强束缚与相干操控...     

原子干涉仪和原子光学研究的最新进展

综述了近年来原子干涉仪和原子光学研究领域研究领域工作的最近进展。重点介绍了德布罗意原子物质波干涉仪的基本物理原理，原子的杨氏双缝干涉实验，利用受激拉曼跃迁的原子干涉仪和Ｒａｍｓｅｙ原子干涉仪。     

原子光谱分析的进展及其应用

文章综述了原子光谱领域分析仪器及分析方法的最新研究进展;例如原子吸收光谱(AAS)、原子发射光谱(AES)、原子荧光光谱(AFS)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)以及原子质谱(AMS)等,重点关注在食品、医药及其相关领域中的应用。近年出现的芯片实验室和微等离子体,促进了原子分析仪器的微型化发展,而激光及其联用技术在形态分析中的应用仍颇为流行。     

@—激光冷却与囚禁的原子喷泉

本文介绍了激光冷却与囚禁的原子喷泉的主要环节，首先介绍了与原子喷泉有密切关系的光学粘团和原子的原理和结构，然后介绍了原子喷泉的实验装置、实验步骤和实验结果。     

原子反射镜及其应用

原子反射镜是人们从事原子光学实验研究的重要器件之一.本文将简单综述采用冷原子磁、光操控技术发展起来的诸如消逝波原子反射镜、半高斯光束原子反射镜、周期性磁化的磁带反射镜、周期性排列的永久磁铁反射镜和载流导线磁反射镜等各种原子反射镜的基本原理、实验方案及其最新进展,并就原子反射镜在原子光学实验中的应用作一简单介绍.     

激光冷却与囚禁的原子喷泉

本文介绍了激光冷却与囚禁的原子喷泉的主要环节，首先介绍了与原子喷泉有密切关系的光学粘团和原子阱的原理和结构，然后介绍了原子喷泉的实验装置、实验步骤和实验结果。     

Control of a Bose–Einstein condensate on a chip by external optical and magnetic potentials

In this paper we explore the possibilities of control of a Bose–Einstein condensate on an atom chip by the use of potentials generated by photonic and magnetic components. We show that the fields produced by both types of components can be modelled by a generic exponential potential and derive analytic expressions that allow for an easy assessment of their impact on a trapped condensate. Using dynamical numerical simulations we study the transport of the condensate between the control structures on a chip. We study in detail different regimes of the condensate behaviour in an evanescent light potential generated by a photonic structure in the vicinity of the condensate and in magnetic potentials generated by a wire or a coil. The calculations are based on the reported parameters of atom chip setups and available photonic and magnetic components. Finally, the model is verified by an experiment with a condensate on an atom chip and a coil.     

Resonator-aided single-atom detection on a microfabricated chip

We use an optical cavity to detect single atoms magnetically trapped on an atom chip. We implement the detection using both fluorescence into the cavity and atom-induced reduction in cavity transmission. In fluorescence, we register 2.0(2) photon counts per atom, which allows us to detect single atoms with 75% efficiency in 250 micros. In absorption, we measure transmission attenuation of 3.3(3)% per atom, which allows us to count small numbers of atoms with a resolution of about 1 atom.     

基于垂直引线和调制电流的三线环形磁导引

提出了一种在单层原子芯片上实现闭合且导引中心无磁场零点的环形磁导引的新方案. 芯片表面刻蚀的导线结构由同心等距三环线构成, 三环线的电流引线垂直于芯片表面. 加载直流电流后, 这种构型即可在芯片表面附近产生闭合的环形磁导引. 交流调制三环线电流后, 环形磁导引的势能极小值附近不再存在磁场零点且其磁场起伏小. 这种方案可用于基于物质波干涉的原子芯片陀螺仪研究.     

Direct loading of atoms from a macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap into a microchip trap

We demonstrate the direct loading of cold atoms into a microchip 2-mm Z-trap, where the evaporative cooling can be performed efficiently, from a macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap with a high loading efficiency. The macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap potential is designed to be moveable by controlling the currents of the two pairs of anti-Helmholtz coils. The cold atoms are initially prepared in a standard six-beam magneto-optical trap and loaded into the macroscopic quadrupole magnetic trap, and then transported to the atom chip surface by moving the macroscopic trap potential. By means of a three-dimensional absorption imaging system, we are able to optimize the position alignment of the atom cloud in the macroscopic trap and the microchip Z-shaped wire. Consequently, with a proper magnetic transfer scheme, we load the cold atoms into the microchip Z-trap directly and efficiently. The loading efficiency is measured to be about 50%.This approach can be used to generate appropriate ultracold atoms sources, for example, for a magnetically guided atom interferometer based on atom chip.     

Dynamic splitting and merging of an atom cloud on an atom chip

Chip-based atom interferometers bring together the advantages of atom chips and Bose--Einstein condensates. Their central prerequisite is that a condensate can be coherently split into two halves with a determined relative phase. This paper demonstrates the dynamical splitting and merging of an atom cloud with two U-wires on an atom chip. Symmetrical and asymmetrical splittings are realized by applying a bias field with dif\/ferent directions and magnitudes. The trajectories of the splitting are consistent with theoretical calculations. The atom chip is a good candidate for constructing an atom interferometer.     

Integrated optical components on atom chips

We report on the integration of small-scale optical components into silicon wafers for use in atom chips. We present an on-chip fibre-optic atom detection scheme that can probe clouds with small atom numbers. The fibres can also be used to generate microscopic dipole traps. We describe our most recent results with optical microcavities and show that a sufficiently high finesse can be achieved to enable single-atom detection on an atom chip. The key components have been fabricated by etching directly into the atom chip silicon substrate.     

Demonstration of a cold atom beam splitter on atom chip

We report an experimental demonstration of a new scheme to split cold atoms on an atom chip. The atom chip consists of a U-wire and a Z-wire. The cold atom cloud is initially loaded and prepared in the Z-trap, which is split into two separate parts by switching on the current of the U-wire. The two separate atom clouds have a distance more than one millimeter apart from each other and show almost symmetrical profiles, corresponding to about a 50/50 splitting ratio.