双丝耦合强度对Z箍缩电磁辐射的影响

利用X射线二极管、光电倍增管和B-dot探针测量了峰值220 kA,0~100%上升时间100 ns的脉冲电流驱动平行双丝产生的电磁辐射。实验结果表明,不同波段的电磁辐射具有不同的辐射机制,热辐射是产生X射线的主要机制,可见光辐射来自热辐射和特征线辐射,微波辐射由非热电磁辐射机制产生。调节丝间距可改变双丝的耦合强度,当丝间距大于临界值时双丝解耦合,电磁辐射不依赖于丝间距;当丝间隙减小至低于临界值时,双丝耦合增强。增大双丝耦合强度不利于热辐射(X射线和可见光),而有利于非热电磁辐射(微波)。对于单丝电流约100 kA、上升时间100 ns的驱动条件,双丝解耦合的临界间距约为10 mm,双丝耦合强度对Z箍缩在不同频段的电磁辐射有影响。丝阵由多根金属丝组成,其最小的相互作用单元可分解为双丝相互作用。     

Transformation of electromagnetic radiation by rapidly moving inhomogeneities of a transparent medium

A theory of reflection and transmission of electromagnetic radiation by inhomogeneities of the parameters of a static transparent medium moving at the velocity of light is developed. Expressions are obtained for the Doppler frequency shift of radiation; it turns out that, under the condition of pronounced frequency dispersion, the frequency of incident radiation corresponds to two frequencies of reflected radiation (complementary waves). It is found that, as the velocity of an inhomogeneity tends to the phase velocity of radiation in the medium, the reflection and transmission coefficients of radiation by the inhomogeneity indefinitely increase. It is shown that the electromagnetic radiation frequency may increase severalfold, with a transformation coefficient of about unity, due to the Doppler shift by the inhomogeneities of a nonlinear medium that are induced by pulses (solitons) of intense counterpropagating radiation.     

Reduction of sound radiation by using force radiation modes

The location of a vibration source within a machine is sometimes found to have a significant effect upon its radiated acoustic power. It is known that a simple reduction of vibration cannot always reduce the radiated acoustic power, so that treatments based on analysis of a structure’s vibration modes are not always effective. At the same time, radiation mode analysis is known to be a powerful tool for interpreting sound radiation since those modes are independent of a structure’s surface vibration. However, knowledge of the radiation modes alone cannot be used directly to understand the relationship between vibration source location and acoustic power radiation. In this paper, it is shown that the radiation mode concept can be extended to understand the relationship between acoustic power and driving force distribution by considering the product of the structure’s mobility matrix and the radiation modes: the resulting functions are here defined to be force radiation modes (f_rad-modes). An example is presented in which the acoustic power radiated by a simply-supported, baffled beam is reduced by using guidance provided by the structure’s force radiation modes. The results demonstrate that the force radiation modes can be used to guide the reduction of radiated acoustic power by changing the driving force location without the need to perform additional calculations or experiments.     

石墨烯增强半导体态二氧化钒近场热辐射

本文基于涨落耗散定理和并矢格林函数求解麦克斯韦方程来研究两个半无限大平板的近场热辐射净热流,提出了两个半无限大块状二氧化钒组成的V/V结构、石墨烯覆盖两个半无限大块状二氧化钒组成的GV/GV结构和石墨烯覆盖VO2薄膜组成的GV0/GV0结构,深入研究了这三种结构中二氧化钒与石墨烯间的近场热辐射,并分析了真空间距、二氧化钒薄膜厚度和石墨烯化学势等物理参量变化对近场热辐射的影响.研究表明:三种结构的近场热辐射均随间距增大而减小;在真空间距为10 nm时,由石墨烯覆盖的GV/GV结构的近场辐射热流比无石墨烯覆盖的V/V结构增强35倍,耦合效果最好的是GV0/GV0结构,该结构的近场辐射热流比GV/GV结构增强8.6倍;在GV0/GV0结构中,当二氧化钒薄膜厚度为30 nm时,石墨烯化学势从0.1 eV增加到0.6 eV辐射热流会减小3.3倍.本文系统研究了二氧化钒与石墨烯间相互耦合的近场热辐射,对相关结构的近场热辐射实验和实际应用具有理论指导意义.     

超高速碰撞产生电磁辐射的微波诊断

为了诊断超高速碰撞产生的电磁辐射,建立了超高速碰撞产生电磁辐射的实验和微波诊断系统。利用建立的微波诊断系统,进行了碰撞速度分别为4.60和4.66 km/s条件下超高速碰撞LY12铝靶产生电磁辐射的微波诊断,分析了实验中产生电磁辐射与靶板厚度及裂纹数的关系。实验结果表明:在实验条件相近的情况下,靶板厚度越小,产生的微波辐射强度越大 ;微波辐射功率正比于碰撞产生的微裂纹数。同时揭示了热激发产生电子和裂纹的存在为超高速碰撞产生电磁辐射的物理机制。     

Modeling of blood vessel heating by laser radiation

A model for the calculation of heating of a blood vessel, which is modeled by an infinite circular cylinder and located in the hypodermic layer, under the action of laser radiation is proposed. Heating of such a vessel under the action of radiation with wavelengths most often used for laser therapy is calculated within the framework of the model proposed. The heating process is compared with the case of skin heating by laser radiation in the multilayer model of the skin.     

Radiation by relativistic dipoles. V

A discussion is given of the correspondence principles in radiation by a point magnetic moment. It is shown that just as in the particular examples considered previously, the angular and spectral-angular distributions of the radiation, and its power in the classical and quantum radiation theory differ only by a coefficient of 1/4. It is established that this difference results from the fundamentally differing nature of the emission in the classical and quantum theories. In the quantum radiation theory the spin magnetic moment is explained by spin-flip transitions adapted to the direction conserving the spin, whereas in the classical theory this radiation is due to spin precession about the magnetic field.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 83–88, March, 1995.     

电离辐射致植物诱变效应的损伤-修复模型

在电离辐射速率理论的基础上, 结合电离辐射诱导植物的微观与宏观生物效应, 建立了电离辐射致植物诱变效应的损伤-修复模型. 通过对理论模型平衡态的数值求解, 研究了辐照植物各状态相对浓度随电离辐射剂量的变化. 研究表明当考虑植物的修复作用时, 理论模型能够给出“马鞍型”的植物存活率-剂量关系. 为进一步验证模型, 对重离子⁷Li辐射玉米自交系的实验数据进行理论模型拟合, 确定重离子辐射玉米的诱变效应参数, 理论计算的结果与实验数据符合较好. 电离辐射诱导植物的损伤-修复模型的建立为电离辐射诱导植物生物效应的机理研究和辐射诱变植物育种提供了理论依据和参考.     

压缩产生等离子体强光源辐射功率计算方法

强光辐射技术是一项技术复杂、特点突出的高新尖端技术,在红外对抗中有着重要的应用。在爆炸激励等离子体产生强光辐射时,发光工质材料及其初始参数的选择成为一项关键技术,他们对辐射功率有着重要的影响。介绍了爆炸激励等离子体产生强光辐射功率的计算方法,用这种计算方法对各种发光工质的辐射功率进行计算,选择出了一种合适的发光工质的材料。分析了在产生强光辐射过程中发光工质的材料、初始参数对辐射功率的影响。推导出辐射功率与这些参数的函数关系,绘制了相应的关系曲线,通过特性曲线分析选择出适宜的初始参数。     

Transformation of photo-counting statistics by non-linear light conversion

It is known [1–3] that the statistical properties of the electrons emitted by a detector, which registers a light beam, contain information about light radiation statistics. This method has recently been widely used to measure the statistical properties of laser radiation [4]. In analysing non-linearly-transformed laser or thermal radiation, this method can give information about the non-linear process and also additional data on the statistics of the transformed radiation.     

The anomalous thermal radiation of metals produced by ultrashort laser pulses

The spectral-time characteristics of the secondary radiation produced in silver and tungsten by picosecond laser pules of varying duration and fluence (energy density) have been studied theoretically and experimentally. It is established that the secondary radiation is due to heating. In silver, however, it is not usual and does not correspond, for example, to grey body radiation. This radiation — the anomalous thermal radiation — is defined by the following mechanism. When the electron and phonon subsystems in a metal are heated (including also the nonisothermal process), there appears the glow with the continuous spectral distribution and the intensity exceeding the radiation intensity of the grey body whose temperature is equal to the temperature of the ion or electron subsystem of a metal. This anomaly is either due to overheat of the electron subsystem with respect to the ion subsystem or due to recombination of electrons and therm-ions in a microlayer above the metal surface.     

Gravitational radiation generated by the gravitational scattering of two stars

Within the framework of general relativity, the gravitational scattering of two stars is considered with regard to the gravitational radiation effects. The angular and frequency dependence of the generated gravitational radiation is investigated by Fourier's analysis of the gravitational field in the radiation zone. The results of the numerical calculations show a strong directional dependence of the radiation in the plane of movement of the stars.     

Radiation safety of luggage inspected for explosive materials by photonuclear detectors in airports

Doses of ionizing radiation generated by a luggage simulator are measured. The luggage simulator is irradiated under conditions that occur when luggage is inspected by photonuclear detectors for explosive materials. It is shown that the ionizing radiation caused by induced radiation is not dangerous either to passengers or to airport stuff.     

Radiation by relativistic dipoles. III

The classical radiation of a point magnetic moment (a magneton) moving at a constant velocity in an arbitrary direction with respect to the field lines of a uniform magnetic field is analyzed. All characteristics of the radiation agree with the Ternov-Bagrov-Khapaev relativistic quantum thoery of the radiation by a neutron. It is thus demonstrated that the classical model of radiation with spin flip is valid. The correspondence principle in the theory of radiation with spin flip will be discussed in more detail in subsequent papers.V. V. Kuibyshev Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 53–59, January 1994.     

A simplified model of mouth radiation impedance closed by mask cavity

Acoustic radiation impedance of the mouth is an important parameter when the vocal tract is modelled by the equivalent electrical circuit. If the vocal tract is closed by a cavity, as when the speaker wears some kind of mask, total impedance acoustically loading the vocal tract becomes serial connection of the mouth radiation impedance and the mask impedance. In that case the mouth radiation impedance has to be changed compared to free field conditions. This paper introduces a simplified approach to the modelling of that change by an appropriate reduction coefficient. The analysis based on an experiment preformed by measurement in the vocal tract physical model accompanied with analytical estimation has shown that the value of such reduction coefficient is 0.5. The results reveal that for a vocal tract closed with mask cavity the change in mouth radiation impedance introduced in an equivalent electrical circuit can be approximated by the value for free field radiation decreased by about 50%.     

Enhanced effectivity of autoresonant acceleration of electrons by Gaussian laser radiation

The autoresonant mechanism of acceleration of relativistic electrons by combined Gaussian laser radiation, which consists of radiation of the lowest and first modes, is considered. It is shown that acceleration by combined radiation is more effective than acceleration by Gaussian beams of the lowest or the first mode.     

水下双层圆柱壳体结构辐射噪声实时预报方法研究

根据Sommerfeld辐射条件和统计能量假设定义了具有方向性特征的声辐射系数,再结合声辐射效率特性定义了新的参数声辐射因子。在外壳体表面速度实时重构理论基础上提出了用声辐射因子实现水下双层圆柱壳体结构辐射噪声实时预报的方法,还提出了有限长水下圆柱壳体结构声辐射因子的试验测量方法。水下声学试验研究表明该方法预报的辐射声压与实测值吻合较好,能满足水下噪声预报的实时性、远场指向性和工况适应性等计算要求。      

Frequency conversion of broadband laser radiation distorted by spherical aberration in uniaxial crystals

Mechanisms of the frequency conversion of broadband infrared laser radiation in a uniaxial crystal with the radiation focused by a lens with spherical aberration are investigated. A mathematical model is presented. Computer modeling of the spatial–angular structures of frequency-converted focused broadband infrared radiation is performed.     

Radiation force caused by scattering, absorption, and emission of light by nonspherical particles

General formulas for computing the radiation force exerted on arbitrarily oriented and arbitrarily shaped nonspherical particles due to scattering, absorption, and emission of electromagnetic radiation are derived. For randomly oriented particles with a plane of symmetry, the formula for the average radiation force caused by the particle response to external illumination reduces to the standard Debye formula derived from the Lorenz–Mie theory, whereas the average radiation force caused by emission vanishes.     

利用康普顿后向散射产生X光源的研究

 利用高能电子对电磁波的康普顿后向散射可以获得波长短、方向性好的X光辐射,这种具有亮度高、发散角小、光子能量可调等特点的辐射,有很好的应用前景。由于电子对电磁场的散射截面很小,要获得较高强度的辐射,不仅要求很强的电磁场作为散射场,而且要求电子束的亮度高;利用光阴极RF腔注入器及30MeV射频加速器产生的30MeV电子束同Nd:YAG激光光腔中的强光场作用,可以获得较高强度的康普顿后向散射,其波长为0.07~0.14nm,发光本领可以达到2.5×10¹¹光子/s。