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1.
Density functional theory calculations are used to study the healing process of a defective CNT (i.e. (8,0) CNT) by CO molecules. The healing undergoes three evolutionary steps: 1) the chemisorption of the first CO molecule, 2) the incorporation of the C atom of CO into the CNT, accompanied by the adsorption of the leaving O atom on the CNT surface, 3) the removal of the adsorbed O atom from the CNT surface by a second CO molecule to form CO2 and the perfect CNT. Overall, adsorption of the first CO reveals a barrier of 2.99 kcal mol?1 and is strongly exothermal by 109.11 kcal mol?1, while adsorption of a second CO has an intrinsic barrier of 32.37 kcal mol?1and is exothermal by 62.34 kcal mol?1. In light of the unique conditions of CNT synthesis, that is, high temperatures in a closed container, the healing of the defective CNT could be effective in the presence of CO molecules. Therefore, we propose that among the available CNT synthesis procedures, the good performance of chemical vapor decomposition of CO on metal nanoparticles might be ascribed to the dual role of CO, that is, CO acts both as a carbon source and a defect healer. The present results are expected to help a deeper understanding of CNT growth.  相似文献   

2.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were oxidized by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and were employed as adsorbents to study their characterizations and adsorption performance of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and p-xylene (abbreviated as BTEX) in an aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of CNTs such as purity, structure and surface nature were greatly improved after oxidation, which significantly enhanced BTEX adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of CNT(NaOCl) increased with contact time and initial adsorbate concentration, but changed insignificantly with solution ionic strength and pH. A comparative study on the BTEX adsorption revealed that the CNT(NaOCl) had better BTEX adsorption as compared to CNTs and granular activated carbon. This suggests that the CNT(NaOCl) are efficient BTEX adsorbents and that they possess good potential for BTEX removal in wastewater treatment.  相似文献   

3.
We herein report a simple and effective method to fabricate excellent transparent superhydrophobic coatings. 3-Aminopropytriethoxysilane (APTS)-modified hollow silica nanoparticle sols were dip-coated on slide glasses, followed by thermal annealing and chemical vapor deposition with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (POTS). The largest water contact angle (WCA) of coating reached as high as 156° with a sliding angle (SA) of ≤2° and a maximum transmittance of 83.7%. The highest transmittance of coated slide glass reached as high as 92% with a WCA of 146° and an SA of ≤6°. A coating simultaneously showing both good transparency (90.2%) and superhydrophobicity (WCA: 150°, SA: 4°) was achieved through regulating the concentration of APTS and the withdrawing speed of dip-coating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to observe the morphology and structure of nanoparticles and coating surfaces. Optical properties were characterized by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Surface wettability was studied by a contact angle/interface system. The effects of APTS concentration and the withdrawing speed of dip-coating were also discussed on the basis of experimental observations.  相似文献   

4.
研究表明, MgO能够活化吸附在其表面的 CO2分子,促进 HCO3–的生成,而在 H原子存在的条件下, HCO3–为 CO2光催化还原为碳氢化合物和 CO的活性中间体. CO2为对称的直线型分子,在化学反应中表现出极高的稳定性,成为阻碍人工光合作用发展的重要因素.在设计新型光催化剂时,复合 MgO可能会有效提高催化剂的活性.绿色植物的叶片结构或茎中存在大量尺寸不一的多孔结构,以利于植物生命活动(包括光合作用和呼吸作用)过程中气体的有效扩散和水分、营养物质的运输. TiO2因其良好的化学稳定性、无毒且成本低廉,在人工光合成领域得到广泛的研究.因此,本文以空心菜杆为模板, TiO2为主体催化剂,应用溶胶-凝胶法,通过调节 MgO的含量合成了一系列仿生多孔结构的 MgO-TiO2复合物.
  样品的 X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨透射镜表征结果证明,生物模板空心菜杆在550oC下煅烧5 h之后可被完全移除,且 MgNO3分解为 MgO,生成 TiO2-MgO复合物.从扫描电镜中可观察到,以空心菜杆为模板合成的 MgO-TiO2,模板的空心管状结构得以保持,在长度和宽度上有一定程度的皱缩.横截面和纵截面图说明样品很好地复制了空心菜杆的导管和筛管组成的多孔结构.同时N2吸附-脱附结果表明,样品中存在3–5 nm的介孔结构.同时我们发现,由于 MgO的加入,0.05% MgO-TiO2复合物的比表面积比 TiO2减少了18%,之后随着 MgO含量的增加, MgO-TiO2复合物的比表面积呈下降趋势.标准状况下,测试了样品对 CO2的吸附量.结果表明,随 MgO含量的升高,吸附量先增加后减小,且 MgO-TiO2复合物的吸附量为 TiO2的1.3–1.8倍.结合样品比表面积及原位红外光谱测试结果,说明样品的 CO2吸附量受 MgO的含量与样品的比表面积双重因素的影响. CO2吸附包括物理吸附和化学吸附,而且对于同种样品,吸附量与样品比表面积正相关.当 MgO-TiO2复合物的比表面积随着 MgO含量的增加而减小时, CO2吸附量却先增加后减小,表明 MgO的加入极大地促进了 CO2的化学吸附.以 MgO-TiO2复合物作为光催化剂将 CO2和 H2O还原为 CH4. CH4的总产量随着光照时间的增加而增加,10 h后的总产量随着 MgO含量的升高先增加后减少,与样品的 CO2吸附量的变化趋势相似但不完全相同.与 TiO2(6.5μmol/g)相比, MgO-TiO2复合物样品催化作用下的 CH4的最终产量均增大,活性最好的0.2% MgO-TiO2(18.7μmol/g)的产量达到了它的2.88倍,说明 MgO对 CO2具有活化作用,且活化后的 CO2更容易生成 CH4.综合结果表明, CO2在催化剂表面的吸附量、电子的表面迁移、反应活性位点等因素共同决定了催化剂的光催化活性.  相似文献   

5.
Carbon nanowall (CNW) and carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. To fabricate a lithium-ion battery, copper (Cu) foil was cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner in a solvent such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and used as a substrate. CNW and CNT were synthesized on Cu foil using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and water dispersion, respectively. CNW and CNT were used as anode materials for the lithium-ion battery, while lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) was used as an electrolyte to fabricate another lithium-ion battery. For the structural analysis of CNW and CNT, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analysis were performed. The Raman analysis showed that the carbon nanotube in composite material can compensate for the defects of the carbon nanowall. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed for the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries, fabricated by CNW and CNT, respectively. The specific capacity of CNW and CNT were calculated as 62.4 mAh/g and 49.54 mAh/g. The composite material with CNW and CNT having a specific capacity measured at 64.94 mAh/g, delivered the optimal performance.  相似文献   

6.
The properties and applications of CNT have been studied extensively since Iijima discovered them in 1991[1,2]. They have exceptional mechanical properties and unique electrical property, highly chemical stability and large specific surface area. Thus far, they have widely potential applications in many fields. They can be used as reinforcing materials in composites[3], field emissions[4], hydrogen storage[5], nanoelectronic components[6], catalyst supports[7], adsorption material and so on.…  相似文献   

7.
This work focuses on developing a novel adsorbent for CO2 capture, by coating polyethylenimine (PEI) on glass fiber matrix and using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as cross-linking agent. The physicochemical properties of the fibrous adsorbent were characterized. The CO2 adsorption capacity was evaluated. Factors that affect the adsorption capacity of the fibrous adsorbent were studied. The experimental results show that this fibrous PEI adsorbent exhibits a much higher adsorption capacity for CO2 compared with another PEI fiber prepared in our previous work, which employed epoxy resin as the cross-linking agent. A CO2 adsorption capacity as high as 4.12 mmol CO2/g of adsorbent was obtained for this fibrous PEI adsorbent at 30 degrees C, equal to 13.56 mmol CO2/g of PEI, with a PEI/ECH ratio of 20:1. The adsorbent can be completely regenerated at 120 degrees C.  相似文献   

8.
The formation and adsorption of CO from CO(2) and H(2) at high pressures were studied over alumina-supported noble metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru) by in situ FTIR measurements. To examine the effects of surface structure of supported metal particles and water vapor on the CO adsorption, FTIR spectra were collected at 323 K with untreated and heat (673 K) treated catalysts in the absence and presence of water (H(2)O, D(2)O). It was observed that the adsorption of CO occurred on all the metal catalysts at high pressures, some CO species still remained adsorbed under ambient conditions after the high pressure FTIR measurements, and the frequencies of the adsorbed CO species were lower either for the heat treated samples or in the presence of water vapor. It is assumed that the CO absorption bands on atomically smoother surfaces appear at lower frequencies and that water molecules are adsorbed more preferentially on atomically rough surfaces rather than CO species.  相似文献   

9.
Molecular modeling methods are used to estimate the influence of impurity species: water, O(2), and SO(2) in flue gas mixtures present in postcombustion CO(2) capture using a metal organic framework, HKUST-1, as a model sorbent material. Coordinated and uncoordinated water effects on CO(2) capture are analyzed. Increase of CO(2) adsorption is observed for both cases, which can be attributed to the enhanced binding energy between CO(2) and HKUST-1 due to the introduction of a small amount of water. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the binding energy between CO(2) and HKUST-1 with coordinated water is ~1 kcal/mol higher than that without coordinated water. It is found that the improvement of CO(2)/N(2) selectivity induced by coordinated water may mainly be attributed to the increased CO(2) adsorption on the hydrated HKUST-1. On the other hand, the enhanced selectivity induced by uncoordinated water in the flue gas mixture can be explained on the basis of the competition of adsorption sites between water and CO(2) (N(2)). At low pressures, a significant CO(2)/N(2) selectivity increase is due to the increase of CO(2) adsorption and decrease of N(2) adsorption as a consequence of competition of adsorption sites between water and N(2). However, with more water molecules adsorbed at higher pressures, the competition between water and CO(2) leads to the decrease of CO(2) adsorption capacity. Therefore, high pressure operation should be avoided in HKUST-1 sorbents for CO(2) capture. In addition, the effects of O(2) and SO(2) on CO(2) capture in HKUST-1 are investigated: The CO(2)/N(2) selectivity does not change much even with relatively high concentrations of O(2) in the flue gas (up to 8%). A slightly lower CO(2)/N(2) selectivity of a CO(2)/N(2)/H(2)O/SO(2) mixture is observed compared with that in a CO(2)/N(2)/H(2)O mixture, especially at high pressures, due to the strong SO(2) binding with HKUST-1.  相似文献   

10.
Metal-organic frameworks with unsaturated metal centers in their crystal structures, such as Ni/DOBDC and Mg/DOBDC, are promising adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture from flue gas due to their high CO(2) capacities at subatmospheric pressures. However, stability is a critical issue for their application. In this paper, the stabilities of Ni/DOBDC and Mg/DOBDC are investigated. Effects of steam conditioning, simulated flue gas conditioning, and long-term storage on CO(2) adsorption capacities are considered. Results show that Ni/DOBDC can maintain its CO(2) capacity after steam conditioning and long-term storage, whereas Mg/DOBDC does not. Nitrogen isotherms for Mg/DOBDC show a drop in surface area after steaming, corresponding to the decrease in CO(2) adsorption, which may be caused by a reduction of unsaturated metal centers in its structure. Conditioning with dry simulated flue gas at room temperature only slightly affects CO(2) adsorption in Ni/DOBDC. However, introducing water vapor into the simulated flue gas further reduces the CO(2) capacity of Ni/DOBDC.  相似文献   

11.
In this work, geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule as an adsorbent in a simple carbon nanotube (CNT) and nitrogen (N), boron (B), sulfur (S)-doped CNTs (NCNT, BCNT, and SCNT) with parallel and perpendicular configurations are fully considered using ONIOM, natural bond orbital, and quantum theory of atom in molecule (QTAIM) calculations. The adsorption energies (Ead) demonstrate that a CO molecule could be adsorbed on the surface of the simple CNT with parallel configuration and N-doped CNT with perpendicular configuration in an exothermic process. QTAIM calculations showed the close-shell (noncovalent) interactions between the CO molecule and CNT or N, B, S-doped CNTs. In addition, the energy gap (Eg) values between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are calculated. In accordance with the results of energy gap, simple and N-doped CNTs could be used as CO sensors.  相似文献   

12.
MoOx,a non-noble secondary catalyst instead of noble metal Ru,was dispersed on carbon nanotubes(CNT)andthen the primary catalyst Pt was electrodeposited on MoO_x/CNT/graphite electrode by potential-step method.CNTused was grown directly on graphite disk by chemical vapor deposition.The Pt-MoO_x/CNT/graphite electrode wascharacterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The electrocatalyticproperty and the long-term cyclic stability of Pt-MoO_x/CNT/graphite electrode for ethanol oxidation have been in-vestigated in 1.0 mol/L CH_3CH_2OH 0.1 mol/L H_2SO_4 by cyclic voltammetry.On the other hand,the effect of theloading mass of MoO_x on specific activity of Pt-MoO_x/CNT/graphite electrode and the activation energy of ethanoloxidation were investigated.The Pt-MoO_x/CNT/graphite electrode shows good long-term cyclic stability.82%value of peak current density at the oxidation peak around 0.69 V(vs.SCE)remains after 500 cycles,which ishigher than those of Pt/CNT/graphite and Pt-Ru/CNT/graphite electrodes with the corresponding values of 55% and72%,respectively.  相似文献   

13.
碳纳米管负载氧化铝材料的制备及其吸附水中氟离子的研究   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
采用碳纳米管和硝酸铝制备了碳纳米管负载氧化铝新型除氟材料.X射线衍射检测发现,当焙烧温度低于850℃时,氧化铝为无定形态,当焙烧温度为1050℃时,氧化铝为α形态,扫描电子显微镜观察到碳纳米管与氧化铝均匀掺杂.同时用碳纳米管负载氧化铝复合材料进行水中氟离子的吸附研究,结果表明,该复合材料具有优良的除氟效能.氧化铝负载量为30%、焙烧温度为450℃条件下制备的碳纳米管负载氧化铝复合材料的吸附除氟能力是γ-氧化铝的2.0~3.5倍,与IRA-410聚合树脂的吸附除氟能力相当,适宜pH范围为5.0~9.0,吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程.  相似文献   

14.
The uptake and adsorption enthalpy of carbon dioxide at 0.2 bar have been studied in three different topical porous MOF samples, HKUST-1, UiO-66(Zr), and MIL-100(Fe), after having been pre-equilibrated under different relative humidities (3, 10, 20, 40%) of water vapor. If in the case of microporous UiO-66, CO(2) uptake remained similar whatever the relative humidity, and correlations were difficult for microporous HKUST-1 due to its relative instability toward water vapor. In the case of MIL-100(Fe), a remarkable 5-fold increase in CO(2) uptake was observed with increasing RH, up to 105 mg g(-1) CO(2) at 40% RH, in parallel with a large decrease in enthalpy measured. Cycling measurements show slight differences for the initial three cycles and complete reversibility with further cycles. These results suggest an enhanced solubility of CO(2) in the water-filled mesopores of MIL-100(Fe).  相似文献   

15.
Electrical sensitivity of a boron carbon nanotube (B2CNT) was examined toward carbon monoxide (CO) molecule by using dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations. It was found that CO is weakly adsorbed on the tube, releasing energy of 3.5–4.1 kcal/mol, and electronic properties of the tube are not significantly changed. To overcome this problem, boron and carbon atoms of the tube were substituted by aluminum and silicon atoms, respectively. Although both Al and Si doping make the tube more reactive and sensitive to CO, Si doping seems to be a better strategy to manufacture CO chemical sensors due to the higher sensitivity without deformation of nanotube structure after adsorption procedure. Moreover, it was shown that some interference molecules such as H2O, H2S and NH3 cannot significantly change the electronic properties of B2CNT. Therefore, the Si-doped tube might convert the presence of CO molecules to electrical signal.  相似文献   

16.
挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是全球大气污染物的主要来源,近年来已造成严重的环境问题.催化氧化是一种有效的、经济可行的VOCs去除技术,其研究的关键在于开发高效、稳定的催化剂.在本文中,我们采用柠檬酸法合成了一系列具有不同Co/(Ce+Co)摩尔比的Co3O4-CeO2二元氧化物催化剂,研究了其对丙烷(低碳VOCs)的催化氧化性能.在催化活性测试中,反应气的组成为0.2 vol.%C3H8和5 vol.%O2,Ar为平衡气,气体总流速为200 mL min^-1.实验结果表明,Ce的掺入能够明显提高Co3O4的丙烷催化氧化性能,Co3O4-CeO2催化剂的丙烷催化氧化活性顺序为CoCeOx-70>CoCeOx-90>Co3O4>CoCeOx-50>CoCeOx-20>CeO2.当Co/(Ce+Co)摩尔比为70%时,CoCeOx-70催化剂的丙烷催化氧化性能最好.在丙烷转化率达到90%时,CoCeOx-70催化剂的反应温度为310℃(GHSV=120000mL h^-1 g^-1),相比于单一的Co3O4催化剂的反应温度降低了25℃.XRD和TEM表征结果显示,在Co3O4-CeO2二元氧化物催化剂中存在Co3O4和CeO2两种晶型,同时随着Ce的掺入,催化剂的粒径明显降低.Raman光谱图显示,Ce的掺入使催化剂的晶格发生畸变,促进催化剂表面氧空位的产生,为催化剂中氧的迁移提供晶格位点.H2-TPR和C3H8-TPSR结果表明,Co3O4与CeO2间存在相互作用,能够提高催化剂的低温还原性能,以促进催化剂的丙烷催化氧化.O2-TPD和O 1s XPS结果表明,Ce的掺入能够增加催化剂表面活性氧物种的产生,提高催化剂中氧的移动性,从而提高了催化剂对丙烷的催化氧化活性.在对Co3O4和CoCeOx-70催化剂进行in-situ DRIFTS表征和简单的动力学研究,我们发现Ce的掺入不改变催化剂的丙烷催化氧化反应路径,其存在能够促进丙烷在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,以提高催化剂的丙烷催化氧化活性.同时,丙酮和酯作为中间物参与到丙烷的催化氧化反应过程中.此外,我们考察了反应气氛中水蒸气和CO2的存在对催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明,CO2和水蒸气的存在都抑制了催化剂的丙烷催化氧化活性,催化性能随着CO2和水蒸气浓度的增加而降低.在相同条件下,水蒸气对催化剂催化性能的抑制作用明显大于CO2的抑制作用,但这种抑制作用会随着反应气中水蒸气和CO2的消失而消失.在稳定性测试中,CoCeOx-70催化剂表现出优异的抗水蒸气和CO2性能.在反应气中存在5 vol.%水蒸气和5 vol.%CO2的条件下,CoCeOx-70催化剂在50 h的稳定性测试中均未出现明显的失活现象.同时,经过10次加热和降温循环测试后,催化剂的催化活性也没有发生明显变化,这为CoCeOx-70催化剂的未来工业化的应用提供了可能.  相似文献   

17.
A comparative study was performed on adsorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions using charged carbon nano tubes (CNTs). The results show that the adsorption behavior of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions have different patterns. To understand the reason for this difference, the ion–water complex properties and the reduced density of water around CNT were studied. The results reveal that the water molecules make high-, low-, and bulk regions around CNTs, which can affect the ion movement toward CNT. The ion–water complex characteristics during the adsorption demonstrated that the Cd(II)–water complex has a large number of exchange events between 4 and 8 coordinate numbers where Zn(II) has only 6 coordinate numbers during the adsorption process. The Cd(II)–water complex was found less stable and therefore has faster translational dynamics. These properties help cadmium ion to be adsorbed faster into CNT despite its heavier weight.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, protonated titanate nanotubes (PTNTs) were modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) by wet impregnation method for CO(2) adsorption. Their micro-morphology and structural properties were characterized by a range of analytical techniques, including XRD, TEM, SEM, N(2) adsorption etc. Experimental results revealed that the functionalized PTNTs with 50wt.% PEI loaded exhibited a high CO(2) adsorption capacity of 130.8mg/g-sorbent at 100°C. Only a minor loss of its capacity was observed after five consecutive adsorption-desorption runs. The PEI was existed both in the internal and external mesoporous pores of PTNTs via chemical combination between amino group and enriched protons, which accounted for their good thermal stability at elevated temperatures. The results present herein imply that the PEI modified PTNTs could be appealing materials for capturing CO(2) from power plant flue gas.  相似文献   

19.
In this work, a computational study is performed to evaluate the adsorption-based separation of CO(2) from flue gas (mixtures of CO(2) and N(2)) and natural gas (mixtures of CO(2) and CH(4)) using microporous metal organic framework Cu-TDPAT as a sorbent material. The results show that electrostatic interactions can greatly enhance the separation efficiency of this MOF for gas mixtures of different components. Furthermore, the study also suggests that Cu-TDPAT is a promising material for the separation of CO(2) from N(2) and CH(4), and its macroscopic separation behavior can be elucidated on a molecular level to give insight into the underlying mechanisms. On the basis of the single-component CO(2), N(2), and CH(4) isotherms, binary mixture adsorption (CO(2)/N(2) and CO(2)/CH(4)) and ternary mixture adsorption (CO(2)/N(2)/CH(4)) were predicted using the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The effect of H(2)O vapor on the CO(2) adsorption selectivity and capacity was also examined. The applicability of IAST to this system was validated by performing GCMC simulations for both single-component and mixture adsorption processes.  相似文献   

20.
《印度化学会志》2023,100(1):100851
Tuberculosis is the most common disease that affects the lungs in humans. The electronic structural and chemical properties of the antituberculosis drug N-Cyclopentylidenepyridine-4-carbohydrazide have already been investigated. The adsorption properties of the antituberculosis drug N-Cyclopentylidenepyridine-4-carbohydrazide (CPPC) with single-wall carbon nanotube CNT(C56H16) are investigated using a combination of DFT/B3LYP method and 6-31G(d,p) basis set in both gaseous and water solvent, and calculated results are compared. By comparing CNT's corresponding optimized bond lengths with CNT@CPPC, the effect of CPPC adsorption on optimized drug delivery system parameters has been discussed. Based on topological parameters, the nonbonding interaction between CNT and CPPC drug is discussed using QTAIM analysis at BCP in both gas and water solvent. The thermodynamical stability of the CPPC@CNT adsorption process is also calculated, showing the adsorption of CPPC with CNT favors in both media. Natural bond analysis (NBO) was used to investigate the IR spectra, and the effect of charge transfer from CPPC to CNT in CNT@CPPC in both media provides information about how polarity changes from gas to water solvent. Because drug delivery action is done in blood plasma, the UV–Vis spectra of CNT are compared to CNT@CPPC in water solvent, providing insight into the adsorption of CPPC drug by CNT. We have compared the chemical shift isotropic (CS1) and chemical shift anisotropic (CSA) of CNT, CPPC, and CNT@CPPC to determine the change in electron density.  相似文献   

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