溶胶凝胶复合材料的研究及对生物酶的固定

研究了一种新型的氧化铝/聚乙二醇（Al2O3/PEG）溶胶凝胶复合材料,利用红外光谱、探针电镜对材料的性能进行了表征。试验结果表明：复合膜中含有大量的羟基和氢键,且两种组分形成互穿网络,该材料刚柔相济的特点使其适合于做生物传感器的固定化材料。PEG是极性高聚物,在溶胶凝胶的体系中,可以起到加速反应及防止膜开裂的作用。Al2O3/PEG复合材料对酶具有较好的生物相容性和较高的稳定性,将生物酶固定其中制备成的生物传感器具有良好的反应活性,同时,还证明了这种生物传感器具有稳定性和灵敏度高的特点。     

基于溶胶-凝胶壳聚糖／SiO2杂化材料的安培型葡萄糖生物传感器

近年来，基于溶胶-凝胶技术的有机/无机杂化复合材料由于具有有机物的柔性和易修饰性，以及无机物的刚性和稳定性等，因此有利于保持生物分子的活性和生物传感器的研制．壳聚糖(CS)具有易成膜性和生物相容性，其在生物传感器中的研究已受到重视．本文通过原位溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)技术，     

聚合物/SiO2杂化材料在药物控制释放中的应用*

聚合物用作药物控制释放载体时,具有释药浓度可控、药物的生物利用率高、可实现靶向治疗等优点。但有些聚合物也存在机械强度低、化学稳定性差、生物相容性不理想等缺点。二氧化硅(SiO₂)具有多孔、无毒、生物相容性好、化学和机械稳定性高、表面易功能化等优点。但SiO₂用作药物控制释放载体时,有时也存在载药量低、不能装载大分子药物、不能实现靶向释放等缺点。聚合物/SiO₂杂化材料作为药物控制释放载体,可有效结合二者的优点,并克服二者的缺陷。根据聚合物的种类和杂化体系性质的不同,我们分别对温敏性聚合物/SiO₂杂化材料、聚电解质/SiO₂杂化材料、生物高分子/SiO₂杂化材料以及其它一些聚合物/SiO₂杂化材料体系在药物控制释放中的应用进行了介绍,并展望了该领域今后的研究发展方向。     

基于溶胶-凝壳聚糖/SiO2杂化材料的安培型葡萄糖生物传感器

近年来 ,基于溶胶 -凝胶技术的有机 /无机杂化复合材料由于具有有机物的柔性和易修饰性 ,以及无机物的刚性和稳定性等 ,因此有利于保持生物分子的活性和生物传感器的研制 [1] .壳聚糖 ( CS)具有易成膜性和生物相容性 ,其在生物传感器中的研究已受到重视 [2 ] .本文通过原位溶胶 -凝胶 ( Sol- gel)技术 ,用 CS和甲基三甲氧基硅烷 ( MTOS)制备了 CS/Si O2 有机 /无机杂化材料 ,并将其用于对葡萄糖氧化酶 ( GOD)的固定 ,研制出葡萄糖生物传感器 .采用人工过氧化物酶普鲁士蓝 ( PB) [3]作为电子传递的媒介体 ,并外加一层 Nafion膜以增强…     

提高聚氨酯生物稳定性和相容性的研究进展

聚氨酯因其具有优异的机械性能、良好的生物稳定性和生物相容性等成为目前研究和应用广泛的一种生物高分子材料.但是作为长期植入材料,其生物稳定性和相容性并不完美,因此对聚氨酯材料进行改性来提高其生物稳定性和相容性已成为目前研究的重要方向.本文首先介绍了聚氨酯生物材料的结构特点,概述了其作为生物材料的合成进展情况,然后总结了提...     

脉冲电沉积制备HA/ZrO2纳米复合涂层的稳定性及生物相容性评价

采用脉冲电化学沉积法成功地在生物医用钛金属表面制备出均匀的纳米HA/ZrO₂复合涂层. 通过热处理提高涂层的致密性, 同时保留涂层的微纳结构. 考察了热处理后复合涂层的成分、形貌、生物相容性及生理稳定性. X射线衍射分析表明, 复合涂层成分为HA和ZrO₂. 扫描电镜观察发现, 热处理后复合涂层的致密性有所提高. 研究发现, ZrO₂的加入大大降低了HA/ZrO₂复合涂层中钙离子的释放速度, 提高了HA/ZrO₂复合涂层的生理稳定性. 纳米划痕实验结果表明, HA/ZrO₂复合涂层具有较好的结合强度. 通过培养成骨细胞考察了复合涂层的生物相容性. Alamar Blue检测表明, HA/ZrO₂复合涂层表面细胞黏附及增殖能力较好. ALP检测发现, 热处理后HA/ZrO₂复合涂层表面的细胞分化能力较强. 综合细胞培养结果显示, HA/ZrO₂复合涂层有较好的生物相容性.     

基于Nafion/碳纳米粒子修饰的葡萄糖传感器

采用滴涂法制备了Nafion/碳纳米粒子复合物修饰玻碳电极,该电极对H2O2具有良好的电催化氧化性能。还利用滴涂法制备了Nafion/碳纳米粒子复合物包裹的葡萄糖酶电化学生物传感器,该生物传感器对葡萄糖有着良好的电催化作用。应用该传感器对葡萄糖进行了检测,检测线性范围为2.0×10-6～6.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为1.6×10-6mol/L(S/N=3),实验结果表明该传感器具有良好的稳定性、重现性和抗干扰能力。对小鼠血清样品中的葡萄糖进行检测,结果令人满意。     

仿生制备有机-无机复合微囊固定化葡萄糖氧化酶

将层层自组装技术与仿生矿化技术相结合,由聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和二氧化硅成功制备(聚苯乙烯磺酸钠-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)₂-二氧化硅复合微囊.采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱和热重对微囊的形貌和化学结构进行了表征.以该复合微囊作为理想载体固定化葡萄糖氧化酶.结果表明,固定于复合微囊中的葡萄糖氧化酶的热稳定性、pH稳定性、操作稳定性得到了提高;在最适条件下,复合微囊固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的酶活回收率为72.85%,米氏常数是游离葡萄糖氧化酶的2.21倍.复合微囊在化学/生物催化、药物/基因传递系统和生物传感器应用方面具有一定的潜能.     

基于金属纳米粒子增敏的SPR生物传感器检测吲哚乙酸

本实验建立了表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感器检测3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)的方法。制备了两种SPR生物传感器检测IAA:传统模式的SPR生物传感器1和Au/Ag合金纳米粒子增敏的SPR生物传感器2。结果发现:传感器1在IAA浓度范围为175~350μg/L时,浓度与其波数位移值呈线性关系,检出限为25μg/L(S/N=3);传感器2在IAA浓度范围为17.5~250μg/L时,浓度与其波数位移值呈线性关系,检出限为2.2μg/L(S/N=3)。说明基于Au/Ag合金纳米粒子的传感器2比传感器1有较高的灵敏度和较低的检出限。加标回收实验测得加标回收率范围为96%~100.2%,平均值为98.4%。本实验制备的SPR生物传感器具有较好的精密度、稳定性、重现性和特异性。     

Mb/AuNPs/MWCNTs/GC电极对H2O2电催化性能的研究

采用还原法制备了AuNPs/MWCNTs复合材料,并构建了氧化还原蛋白质的固定化和生物传感界面AuNPs/MWCNTs/GC电极.以肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,Mb)为例,研究了固定化蛋白质在AuNPs/MWCNTs/GC电极上的直接电化学.结果表明,AuNPs/MWCNTs复合材料不仅能有效地促进Mb与电极表面的直接电子转移,而且能很好地保持固定化Mb的生物催化活性.Mb/AuNPs/MWCNTs/GC电极对H2O2具有良好的电催化还原性能,其线性响应范围为1～138μmol·L-1,检测限为0.32μmol·L-1(S/N=3),并具有较低的米氏常数(0.143 mmol·L-1).该电极操作简单,响应迅速,稳定性和重现性好,有望用于蛋白质的固定化及第三代生物传感器的制备.     

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of surface sol-gel processes

(3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MTS) forms a unique film on a platinum substrate by self-assembly and sol-gel cross-linking. The gelating and drying states of the self-assembled MTS sol-gel films were probed by use of electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. The thiol moiety was the only active group within the sol-gel network. Gold nanoparticles were employed to detect the availability of the thiol group and their interaction further indicated the physicochemical states of the sol-gel inner structure. It was found that the thiol groups in the open porous MTS aerogel matrix were accessible to the gold nanoparticles while thiol groups in the compact MTS xerogel network were not accessible to the gold nanoparticles. The characteristics of the sol-gel matrix change with time because of its own irreversible gelating and drying process. The present work provides direct evidence of gold nanoparticle binding with thiol groups within the sol-gel structures and explains the different permeability of "aerogel" and "xerogel" films of MTS on the basis of electrochemical and spectroscopic results. Two endogenous species, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid, were used to test the permeability of the self-assembled sol-gel film in different states. The MTS xerogel film on the platinum electrode was extremely selective against ascorbic acid while maintaining high sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide in contrast to the relatively high permeability of ascorbic acid in the MTS aerogel film. This study showed the potential of the MTS sol-gel film as a nanoporous material in biosensor development.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备高热稳定性的毛细管气相色谱柱

毛细管气相色谱柱的传统制备工艺都较为复杂,周期较长,同时固定相和石英毛细管内壁间通常并无化学键生成,在较高温度下使用时固定相的流失严重,导致这类色谱柱的最高允许使用温度不很高．溶胶-凝胶法是一种快速有效的制备色谱柱的新技术,近年来经常应用于高效液相色谱、毛细管电色谱和固定相微萃取等分析化学的许多领域．在气相色谱方面,溶胶-凝胶端羟基聚硅氧烷柱、溶胶-凝胶聚乙二醇柱和溶胶-凝胶开链冠醚柱已相继制备出来,在用溶胶-凝胶     

耐高温高表面氧化铝的制备及性质──添加钡及钡与镧的协同作用对氧化铝热稳定性的影响

氧化铝是高温催化反应中常用的载体材料. 高于1 000 ℃时, Al2O3通过表面活性原子的迁移和表面羟基脱水发生烧结, 并向α相转变[1,2], 同时随着比表面积剧烈下降, 导致催化剂活性组分聚集, 催化剂活性下降等. 大量研究表明, 稀土元素, 硅及碱土元素可明显改善氧化铝的热稳定性[3～8]. 本文以溶胶-凝胶法单独引入Ba元素, 考察了Ba添加量对Al2O3热稳定性的影响. 还采用溶胶-凝胶与表面浸渍相结合的方式共同引入La和Ba, 考察了两元素协同作用对Al2O3热稳定性的影响.     

Vibrational spectroscopic studies of vinyltriethoxysilane sol-gel and its coating

Infrared and Raman spectra of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES), the VTES sol-gel, and the sol-gel coated aluminum have been collected. The assignments of the vibrational modes for the silane, the sol-gel, and the sol-gel films have been made based on the group frequencies and the spectral variation collected at different physical and chemical states of the sol-gel samples. Applying the sol-gels onto the metal grids allowed the drying and the high temperature treatment of the samples for the collection of infrared transmission spectra. From the variation of the sol-gel and the sol-gel coated aluminum IR spectra with temperature, it was noticed that the samples partially decomposed when the temperature was higher than 100 degrees C. Electrochemical experiments have demonstrated that the anticorrosion property of the coated aluminum has significantly increased. The water and the hexadecane contact angle measurements showed that the surface modified metal had a much higher hydrophobic property than the untreated metal.     

A comparative study of the potential of acrylic and sol-gel polymers for molecular imprinting

The successful molecular imprinting of 2-aminopyridine (2-apy) in bulk polymerisations of acrylic and sol-gel based polymers has been achieved. Both polymeric systems reveal varying degrees of affinity in rebinding the original template as well as a number of structural analogues. Rebinding was conducted in chloroform, acetonitrile and methanol in order to assess the role of hydrogen bonding in imprinting. The acrylic imprinted polymer retained approximately 50% of the template in rebinding studies in chloroform compared to 100% for the sol-gel. However, this higher affinity for the sol-gel was accompanied by a higher degree of non-specific binding. While the acrylic polymer performed poorly in acetonitrile, the sol-gel maintained a high degree of discrimination.The acrylic polymer exhibited little discrimination between imprinted and reference polymers for 3-aminopyridine (3-apy) indicating the high selectivity of the MIP polymer for 2-apy relative to 3-apy. This selectivity was reduced in acetonitrile. Selectivity of the sol-gel for 2-apy in chloroform was poor as 3-apy was retained to a similar degree. Comparable results were obtained in acetonitrile. 4-Aminopyridine (4-apy) bound strongly to all polymers in all solvents and proved very difficult to remove due to the high degree of non-specific binding for both polymeric matrices.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备用于分离极性有机化合物的毛细管气相柱

 采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了用于分离有机极性化合物的毛细管气相柱 ,其制备工艺简单 ,制柱时间较传统工艺大为缩短。该柱涂层与毛细管内壁间形成的化学键使得其热稳定性好。游离的脂肪酸、有机碱可直接在该柱上得到很好的分离 ,其他极性化合物也在该柱上得到极好的分离。该类柱不仅在同一柱上显示了良好的分离重复性 ,而且不同柱间在容量因子、柱效、对称性及姆氏常数上也显示了良好的重复性。     

Ti-Si复氧化物载体对金催化剂上丙烯环氧化的影响

 以TiCl4和SiCl4为原料,采用水解和非水水解溶胶-凝胶两种方法制备了一系列不同Ti含量的Ti-Si复氧化物载体,继而用沉积-沉淀法制得载金催化剂. 采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、 N2吸附和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在氢气和氧气存在下的丙烯气相环氧化催化性能. 研究表明,钛含量在6%～14%范围内时,两种方法制得的Ti-Si复氧化物均为无定形结构,但采用非水水解溶胶-凝胶法制得的载体比表面积较高. 以非水水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的钛含量10%的Ti-Si复氧化物为载体得到的载金催化剂表现出较高的活性和选择性,反应60 min时,丙烯转化率为5.7%, 240 min后降为3.3%, 环氧丙烷的选择性稳定于95%左右. 还考察了非水水解溶胶-凝胶的陈化时间和金沉积-沉淀溶液的pH值等对反应结果的影响.     

Sol-gel technique for the preparation of beta-cyclodextrin derivative stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography

A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column coated with 2,6-dibutyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DB-beta-CD) was prepared using sol-gel technique. In the sol-gel approach, owing to the three-dimensional network of sol-gel and the strong chemical bond between the stationary phase and the surface of capillary columns, good chromatographic characteristics and unique selectivity in separating isomers were shown. We achieved high efficiencies of 5-14 x 10(4) plates/m for the isomeric nitrophenols using the sol-gel-derived DB-beta-CD columns. The migration time reproducibility of the separation of the isomeric nitrophenols was better than 2.2% over five runs and 4.5% from column to column. These sol-gel-coated DB-beta-CD columns have shown improved separations of isomeric aminophenols, isomeric dihydroxybenzenes and isomeric nitrophenols, in comparison with the sol-gel matrix capillary column. The influences of buffer pH and methanol solvent on separation were investigated. The chiral resolution of enantiomers such as ibuprofen and binaphthol was explored primarily.     

基于纳米自组装技术的功能化溶胶-凝胶过氧化氢生物传感器

结合功能化溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)网络结构、自组装技术和纳米粒子效应,提出一种生物传感界面构建方法.利用自组装技术在玻碳电极表面组装氨基化sol-gel膜,通过与自组装膜间的强烈作用将纳米金粒子固定于sol-gel网络中,再通过静电吸附作用实现辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)在纳米金粒子表面的固定化,构建纳米自组装HRP传感界面.将制备的传感器用于对H2O2的催化还原,很好地保持了酶的生物活性,改善了传感器的灵敏度.