鸟苷发酵不同阶段发酵液紫外特征光谱的研究

研究了发酵不同阶段鸟苷发酵液的紫外吸收光谱,结果表明,鸟苷发酵不同阶段发酵液紫外吸收光谱会呈现相应的特征光谱。发酵前期除了275nm处的波峰外,在249nm又出现了一个新峰,并且随着发酵时间增加新峰逐渐升高成为主峰;发酵中期275nm处的波峰逐渐减弱并最后消失;发酵后期249nm处的波峰成为发酵液的特征波峰,并随时间的增加逐渐上升;发酵末期的显著特征为发酵液λmax的吸光值基本不变。鸟苷发酵不同阶段发酵液特征光谱研究为人们认识鸟苷发酵的动态过程提供了一种新的技术和途径,对于鸟苷发酵生产具有一定的指导意义。     

黄芩素的酶解提取工艺及其抑制弹性蛋白酶活性研究

利用正交试验对中药黄芩中提取黄芩素酶解工艺进行了初步探讨,确定最佳酶解工艺条件：温度为40℃、pH6.0、时间12h时,黄芩素含量最高;利用酶活力法对黄芩素体外抑制弹性蛋白酶活性进行了研究,发现黄芩素对弹性蛋白酶具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率达92.98%。     

紫外分光光度法检测溶氧对bFGF发酵的影响

探索溶氧对碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic Fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)发酵过程的影响及其控制方法.采用补料分批发酵,在不同溶氧控制方式下,紫外分光光度法测定bFGF蛋白质浓度和发酵液中菌体的产量,考察发酵过程中溶氧对bFGF表达的影响.结果表明控制溶氧为50％,30L罐发酵20h,产菌达34.54g/L,bFGF为18mg/L,与其他溶氧组比较产量显著增高,由此建立了最佳溶氧条件.溶氧对bFGF发酵表达有重要影响,优化溶氧条件有利于改进生产工艺从而节约成本和提高产量.     

X射线照射Hep-2细胞对其培养基吸收光谱的影响

采用分光光度计分别测量了受不同剂量X射线照射后继续培养48h时的人上皮样喉癌细胞株Hep-2的培养基RPMI1640的紫外吸收光谱,分析了该培养基中蛋白质的紫外吸收特性.结果发现:各组培养基的吸收光谱存在明显的差别,新鲜培养基RPMI1640(10%胎牛血清)233nm处的吸收峰在细胞生长过程中位移至235nm,275nm处的吸收峰位移至278nm.反映出各组培养基中芳香族氨基酸中各种氨基酸如色氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸的含量的变化,说明癌细胞在生长过程中对这几种氨基酸的改变不是按等量比的.实验还发现细胞培养基的吸收光谱强度与各剂量组细胞数基本成正相关,进而与细胞所受X射线照射的剂量有内在的联系.这些结果将为利用光谱技术研究人喉癌最佳X射线放射剂量奠定基础.     

基于紫外吸收光谱的癌细胞模型研究

细胞周期是生命起源最基本也最重要的过程,是细胞全部生理过程的综合体现,文章从紫外吸收光谱随其细胞周期的变化入手,以一种简单且能准确反映癌细胞的生长变化过程的方式建模。通过人工诱导细胞同步化方法对子宫颈癌细胞进行处理,获取了处于G1期、S期、G2期和M期的同步化细胞样品,通过测量这些样品的紫外-可见光光谱,对不同周期细胞紫外-可见光光谱的吸光度随细胞周期中芳香族氨基酸、蛋白质及核酸等物质的变化规律进行了分析。根据细胞周期中不同阶段样品对应紫外-可见光光谱在204和260 nm处的吸光度和时间点的关系,利用分段线性回归法建立了子宫颈癌细胞紫外吸收光谱模型。可对细胞周期进行判断,为对细胞周期进行分析研究提供了新的依据,也为细胞建模提供了新思路。     

喹啉水溶液真空紫外降解过程中的吸收光谱分析

在以低压石英汞灯为真空紫外光源降解喹啉水溶液的过程中,通过监测体系吸收光谱的变化,绘制不同时刻吸收光谱图,探讨了用紫外-可见吸收光谱作为在线检测反应进程的可行性。结合体系中底物浓度、COD、TOC和pH的变化,分析了各吸收光谱的变化特征和机制。研究表明,受吡啶环上N原子的影响,喹啉在不同pH环境下以不同的形式存在,吸收光谱也有较大的差异。在降解的过程中,体系的吸收光谱受到底物降解、中间产物生成和体系pH的共同影响。由于中间产物质子酸的生成,使喹啉以质子化的形式存在,当质子化产生的吸收增加与降解导致的吸收减少相等时,特征吸收峰313 nm处的吸收在1～3 min会出现平台,然后持续衰减。254 nm处的吸收先在5 min时增加到一个极大值,然后持续衰减,至30 min时衰减至0,而且此时溶液的吸收仅在220 nm以下区域,说明底物已降低得比较彻底。文章的研究结果表明,可以用吸收光谱来在线监测喹啉真空紫外降解的进程。     

工业污水消毒脱色的紫外-可见吸收光谱分析

研究紫外-可见吸收光谱用于工业污水色度表征的替代方法,并用以比较消毒剂对污水的脱色效果。结果表明,对于色度组成变化较大的工业污水,应使用可见吸收光谱(350～600 nm)而非紫外吸收光谱表征色度。可见吸收光谱的特征值与污水的真色值相关性良好。三种消毒剂中臭氧和二氧化氯的脱色性能好于氯,但二氧化氯自身色度对脱色有负面影响。可见吸收光谱特征值能有效反映消毒处理后污水色度的变化。     

NO紫外宽带吸收光谱的非线性响应及实验

紫外宽带吸收光谱(UV-BAS)作为一种气体定量检测技术,常用于检测NO等气态污染物,然而光谱仪对真实光谱的展宽作用会导致吸收率随光学厚度的变化偏离线性关系.本文针对NO吸收光谱的非线性效应进行了理论与实验研究,通过建立NO吸收率峰值非线性数据库,提供了一种基于插值多项式的NO浓度测量方法.首先理论推导出吸收率随光学厚度的非线性变化关系.通过对单谱线进行仿真分析,探究仪器展宽给非线性变化关系带来的影响;然后定量计算不同仪器展宽下γ (0, 0)谱带吸收率峰值随光学厚度的变化关系,并给出多项式模型的非线性表达式并建立系数数据库,同时对同一展宽不同NO振动谱带的非线性问题进行了比较与分析.最后,通过采用不同展宽光谱仪实验测量NO吸收光谱并对上述理论研究结果进行验证,吸收率峰值实验结果与理论计算的相对误差小于4%,与数据库插值多项式的误差小于8%,证明了理论计算的准确性与数据库的可靠性.     

Au/Ag合金溶胶与HCuCl4反应过程的紫外光谱研究

采用柠檬酸根为保护剂,通过水合肼还原的方法,在水相中合成了Au/Ag合金纳米粒子,UV-Vis光谱中只观察到一个位于单金属Ag和Au之间的等离子体共振峰,并且合金溶胶的最大吸收峰随着溶胶中Au的物质的量分数变化呈线性变化.通过紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了不同组分的溶胶与HCuCl4溶液的反应过程.结果显示,溶胶的紫外-可见吸收峰随着HCuCl4的加入量的改变而呈规律性变化,其中有一紫外吸收峰随着HCuCl4的加入而呈线性变化的区间,分析后认为这一过程为合金的去合金过程.     

超声波对菠萝果蛋白酶活性和光谱的影响

以菠萝果为材料，用盐析法制备菠萝果蛋白酶粗酶，进一步经SephadexG-50和DEAE-纤维素柱层析纯化，其SDS—PAGE呈单一的电泳带，并获得了菠萝果蛋白酶结晶。一定参数的超声作用可以使酶活力提高，经光谱分析，超声处理后酶的吸收光谱不改变，而荧光发射峰由336nm红移到339nm，紫外差示光谱在一定的波长也呈现出明显的正峰和负峰。本文讨论了超声波影响菠萝果蛋白酶活性的机理。     

水源性病原菌光谱检测技术研究进展

水源性病原菌污染会引发多种疾病,严重危害人类健康和公共卫生安全。水源性病原菌检测对人类医疗保健、水安全保障和疾病诊断等具有重要的意义。常规水源性病原菌检测技术,如人工培养法、分子生物法和免疫学法,其测量结果准确、有效,但样品预处理繁琐且费时,不利于病原菌实时在线检测。光谱检测技术以非侵入式获取病原菌发射、散射或吸收光谱特征,能够确定病原菌性质、结构和含量等信息。由于该技术具有易于操作、快速、便携、无损和便于实时监测等优点,在环境监测、生物分析中具有广泛的应用前景。文章介绍了现有水源性病原菌检测技术及其优缺点,指出开展病原菌快速、高效检测的必要性;讨论了光谱检测技术原理及数据分析方法,重点综述了紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和太赫兹光谱在水源性病原菌检测的工作原理和研究进展;最后总结了各技术的优缺点。提出了光谱技术在病原菌检测的实际应用中面临的挑战及应对策略,为进一步发展基于光谱技术的水源性病原菌的快速检测提供参考。     

Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse copper nanoparticles using gum acacia

A simple method was put forward in this paper for preparing colloidal copper nanoparticles in aqueous solutions using copper sulfate, gum acacia and hydrazine hydrate as copper precursor, capping agents and reducing agents, respectively, without any inert gas. The formation of nanosized copper was confirmed by its characteristic surface plasmon absorption peak at 604 nm in UV–vis spectra. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the as-synthesized copper fine spherical particles are distributed uniformly with a narrow distribution from 3 nm to 9 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) demonstrated that the obtained metallic nanoparticles are single crystalline copper nanoparticles. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopic data suggested that the copper nanoparticles are coated with gum acacia. The effects of the quantity of gum acacia on the particle size were investigated by the UV–vis spectra and TEM images. The growth process of the nanoparticles was monitored by the UV–vis spectra. The mechanism of the formation copper nanoparticles was discussed. The process raised in this study can be served as an excellent candidate for the preparation of copper nanoparticles in a large scale production.     

青蒿素与氢氧化钠反应的动态紫外吸收光谱

采用ICCD动态光谱测量系统,准确地拍摄出了青蒿素自身的紫外吸收光谱,并对不同浓度的青蒿素与氢氧化钠反应的全过程进行了动态光谱实时测量,每幅光谱的曝光时间为0.1 ms。实验结果显示,青蒿素自身有一明显的紫外吸收带,吸收峰值为212.52 nm;青蒿素极易与氢氧化钠反应,不同浓度的青蒿素与氢氧化钠反应的吸收光谱变化情况是相似的,只是变化发生的时刻有所不同。反应初首先出现一以288 nm为峰值的新吸收带,随着反应的进行,在260 nm处的吸收逐渐增强,反应的最终产物在200～350 nm之间形成一稳定连续的强吸收带。此反应过程的动态光谱信息在国内外还未见有报道。其结果为了解青蒿素这一潜在抗癌药物与碱性物质反应的特性提供了实验依据,对正确使用青蒿素具有参考价值。     

Graphene nanosheets: Ultrasound assisted synthesis and characterization

A facile sonochemical route for the synthesis of graphene nanosheets via reduction of graphene oxide (GO) has been reported. The synthesized graphene sheets are characterized using UV–vis spectra, Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectra, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The UV–vis spectroscopy results showed that the absorption peak was red shifted due to the reduction of GO into graphene. FT-IR and XPS spectra revealed the removal of oxygenated functional groups in graphene after the reduction process. Raman spectra confirmed the restoration of new sp² carbon domains in graphene sheets after the reduction. The sonochemical approach for the synthesis of graphene nanosheets is relatively fast, cost-effective and efficient as compared to other methods.     

The UV,blue and green up-conversion luminescence of PbF2+GeO2:Er2O3 pumped with 650 nm

A detailed study of the spectroscopic properties of the PbF₂+GeO₂:Er₂O₃ vitroceramic sample upon 650 nm excitation was investigated. The absorption, emission, excitation spectra, and time-resolved spectra have been measured. The up-conversion of red radiation (650 nm) into UV (368 nm and 379 nm), blue (406.8 nm) and green (522 nm and 540 nm) emissions is observed for Er³⁺ ions in the sample. The up-conversion process involves a two-photon absorption for the violet, blue, and green emission bands. A three-photon process happens for another violet (379 nm) band.     

UV-excimer-laser ablation of polymethylmethacrylate at 248 nm: Characterization of incubation sites with Fourier transform IR- and UV-Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic experiments with thin films of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are reported. During the incubation with 248 nm excimer laser light or continuous (cw) UV light sources PMMA exhibits a rapidly increasing, broad UV absorption. This is caused by the production of unsaturated species, which are detected in the infrared spectrum of irradiated PMMA films. The spectral data explain the incubation process preceding the ablation of PMMA at 248 nm. Taking advantage of the increased UV absorption, cw light incubated PMMA films can be selectively ablated by standard 308 nm excimer laser pulses.     

Excitation wavelength dependent pump–probe signatures of molecular crystals

The photodynamics of single crystals of 4-(diisopropylamino)benzonitrile (DIABN) have been studied by femtosecond UV/Vis and mid-IR absorption spectroscopy. The observed spectroscopic response, especially in the UV/Vis, strongly depends on the optical excitation conditions. For the excitation light in resonance with the absorption of DIABN, broad and structureless transient spectra are observed, which decay non-exponentially within pico- to nanoseconds. For off-resonance excitation in the very red wing of the absorption band a stimulated emission signal is detected, which decays in ∼10 ps matching the known behavior of the non-interacting chromophore in solution. The 10 ps decay is due to an intramolecular charge transfer process which is supported by femtosecond IR spectroscopy. The observed dependence on the excitation wavelength is assigned to a change in the density of excited chromophores and therefore bears relevance for time resolved X-ray diffraction experiments.     

Electron irradiation effects on optical properties of semiorganic antimony thiourea bromide monohydrate single crystals

Antimony thiourea bromide monohydrate (ATBM) single crystals were grown by solution growth technique at room temperature for the first time. The UV–vis, FT-IR and fluorescence spectra were recorded and electron irradiation effects on these properties were studied. The optical absorption edge of the UV–vis spectrum shifts towards lower wavelength with the increase of irradiation. The fluorescence quantum yield is increased for electron irradiated ATBM crystals. The FT-IR analysis shows that the water of crystallization is weakly bonded in as-grown and electron irradiated ATBM crystals.     

红外光谱监测糖化酶发酵过程

傅里叶变换红外光谱用于监测糖化酶发酵过程,培养液的红外光谱反映了培养过程中碳源和氮源的变化。针对培养过程中普遍使用复合培养基,标准混合溶液难以反映培养液的状态,．用偏最小二乘法建立了培养液的红外光谱数据与常规离线化学分析结果的相关关系,成功地用于糖化发酵过程培养液中总糖、还原糖和氨氮的预测,测定结果与离线化学分析方法的相关性分别为０．９９９,０．９９０和０．９７４。工业生产过程的菌种、培养基和工艺