透明Nd:YAG激光陶瓷的研究与应用进展

综述了近年来,特别是近两年来国内外透明Nd:YAG激光陶瓷的研究与应用情况,重点对我国的透明Nd:YAG激光陶瓷研究近况进行了分析,指出了透明Nd:YAG激光陶瓷是目前陶瓷研究的热点。提出了透明Nd:YAG激光陶瓷研究中尚存在的问题和我国在此领域中与国外研究的巨大差距。分析指出:我国研究透明Nd:YAG激光陶瓷的各个院所之间,应该强强联合,优势互补,对该领域的理论和制备工艺进行更为深入的研究。     

陶瓷球金属复合结构的抗弹性能和梯度设计

陶瓷是具有轻质高强特性的常用抗弹材料,但其本身的脆性特点使得陶瓷利用率较低,局部的击穿往往导致整块陶瓷破碎。为了提高陶瓷的利用率,提出了一种分层梯度陶瓷球金属复合结构,并通过数值模拟研究了陶瓷球尺寸及着弹点的影响。从子弹和靶板的变形、弹速变化和塑性波传播等角度分析了陶瓷球金属复合结构的抗弹机理,并对结构进行了梯度优化设计。研究结果表明,直径为7.2 mm的陶瓷球结构的综合抗弹性能良好,在此基础上设计的梯度陶瓷球结构能进一步提升抗弹性。陶瓷球金属复合靶板呈局部破坏,靶板其他位置仍具有抗打击能力。     

预应力对陶瓷抗侵彻性能影响规律的数值模拟

为研究预应力陶瓷的抗侵彻性能,利用AUTODYN仿真软件模拟了对SiC陶瓷施加预应力的过程,并开展了长杆弹以不同速度侵彻预应力陶瓷的数值仿真研究,确定了预应力陶瓷的抗侵彻性能。通过对比分析,得到了不同载荷下陶瓷内部的应力分布状态,以及陶瓷抗侵彻性能与预应力的关系。结果表明:对陶瓷施加预应力可以有效提高其抗侵彻能力;但随着加载预应力的进一步提高,即当陶瓷中心部位预应力大于112MPa时,陶瓷的抗侵彻能力反而下降,陶瓷加载的预应力与其抗侵彻性能之间存在最佳匹配关系。     

层状结构陶瓷制备工艺与增韧机理的研究

层状结构增韧陶瓷能够较好的解决陶瓷的脆性问题,是陶瓷增韧的有效方法之一,层状结构陶瓷具有广阔的应用前景。文中归纳了层状结构陶瓷的成型工艺、合成工艺,综合评述了其增韧机理,并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

高温空气电阻炉内强化传热性能实验研究

本文对基于碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的高温空气电阻炉内的传热性能进行了实验研究。通过在高温空气电阻炉内插入不同数量的泡沫陶瓷片,研究陶瓷片数量对空气出口温度的影响。同时研究了泡沫陶瓷片的位置对空气出口温度的影响。实验结果表明:当炉膛内不插入泡沫陶瓷片时,在空气流量为200 m~3/h时,空气出口温度为650℃,当炉膛内插入五块泡沫陶瓷片时,空气出口温度达到980℃。本文从实验方面验证了将碳化硅泡沫陶瓷应用到太阳能热发电的吸收器中,强化空气与吸热材料之间的换热的可行性。     

气孔率对陶瓷激光器性能影响及控制方法

透明激光陶瓷以其特有的优越性能,有望继单晶材料后成为新型高功率固体激光器的工作材料.制备高光学质量、高激光效率,高输出功率的透明陶瓷是目前的研究重点和热点.烧结而成的多晶陶瓷存在一定量的晶界以及气孔缺陷.文章介绍了气孔率与陶瓷激光器性能的关系及控制陶瓷材料气孔率的最新研究进展.研究发现,气孔率对激光陶瓷的散射系数、透过...     

碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板抗侵彻性能实验研究

为研究碳化硼陶瓷的抗侵彻性能,开展了?12.7 mm钢球侵彻碳化硼陶瓷及复合靶板、12.7 mm长杆弹侵彻超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)约束碳化硼陶瓷复合靶板实验,讨论了碳化硼陶瓷的破坏模式,研究了约束方式对碳化硼陶瓷抗侵彻性能的影响。结果表明:在钛合金/UHMWPE背板约束作用下,弹丸与陶瓷的相互作用时间更长,产生更细的陶瓷粉末,大尺寸碎片含量减少,吸收的能量更多,陶瓷的抗侵彻性能进一步提高;背板在弹体和陶瓷锥的共同冲击下,造成钛合金的花瓣形卷边破坏,UHMWPE层合板伴随着较大范围的层间分层,形成"X"形隆起现象;采用纤维约束陶瓷,使碳化硼陶瓷板在子弹侵彻时能够保持完整,增强了对弹体的磨蚀作用,提高了抗弹性能,具有一定的抗多次打击能力。通过分析碳化硼陶瓷复合装甲的抗侵彻机理,为今后复合装甲的优化设计提供了参考依据。     

高温空气在蜂窝陶瓷体内蓄热特性研究

采用数值模拟方法对不同孔隙率和孔壁厚的蜂窝陶瓷体的蓄热特性进行研究。对高温空气在不同结构的蜂窝陶瓷体内流动过程中的压降、温度及蜂窝陶瓷体的蓄热特性进行了分析。研究结果表明：流体在蜂窝陶瓷内流动时,处于层流阶段的压降仅为湍流情况下的1／10。蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体的蓄热时间与蓄热体的孔壁厚成正比。蓄热体孔壁厚h=2mm时,出口空...     

几种压电陶瓷在极化时声发射特性研究

压电陶瓷是多畴压电材料,在极化之前从宏观上看并不显压电性;通过在直流电场中的极化可以使其电畴作定向排列,从而使陶瓷显压电性.采用声发射技术监测压电陶瓷极化时有无声发射产生和声发射的情况,可以掌握压电陶瓷在极化过程中电畴的动态特性;这对于研究压电陶瓷的电畴结构和极化工艺将是有益的。     

气流与温度对压电陶瓷正压电效应影响

研究了周围温度与气流垂直于压电陶瓷对压电陶瓷的正压电效应的影响。     

陶瓷物流装备物联网智能终端开发与应用

长期以来我国陶瓷产业仍以手工为主,工业化、自动化、信息化程度较低。本文力图在陶瓷物流领域,结合物联网概念和技术,提出打造“陶瓷物流装备物联网”的理念,本文阐述了陶瓷物流装备物联网的整体构想、应用前景等,并且有针对性地阐述了打造该物联网所需要解决的关键技术,并提出陶瓷二维码花纸底款、智能I-Box物联网终端等解决方案,取得了一定的前期开发与应用成果,为今后进一步打造围绕陶瓷生产全过程的物联网建设做了有益的探索。     

Growth process and wear resistance for ceramic coatings formed on Al-Cu-Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation

The growth process, distribution of chemical elements, phase constitutions and relative wear resistance of the ceramic coatings formed on Al-Cu-Mg alloy by ac micro-arc oxidation are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reciprocating friction and wear tests. The results indicate that there are three stages with the formation of the ceramic coatings: (1) the formation of ceramic particles, (2) sintering growth in sawtooth structure, (3) the increase of thickness by remolting and sintering. The ceramic coatings are made up of a mixture of α-alumina, γ-alumina and amorphous alumina, whose relative contents varied with the position in the ceramic coatings, respectively. The chemical elements altered in ceramic coatings produced in different electrolytes and varied along the depth in ceramic coatings obtained in phosphate electrolyte. Meanwhile, the results of friction and wear tests against Gr15 after 16 h indicate that the weight loss of ceramic coatings became almost unchanged.     

多孔钛酸钡陶瓷制备及其增强的压电灵敏性

在压电陶瓷中增加孔洞数量,可以有效改善陶瓷的静水压优值,提高其压电灵敏性.考虑到铅基压电陶瓷对环境和人体的危害,本文以糊精为造孔剂,采用传统固相烧结法制备无铅钛酸钡(BaTiO_3)多孔压电陶瓷.研究烧结温度(1250,1280,1300℃)和糊精含量(5%,10%,15%)对BaTiO_3陶瓷晶体结构、孔隙率以及孔形貌特征的影响,探索孔隙率与BaTiO_3陶瓷介电、压电、声阻抗以及静水压优值等性能之间的相关性.结果表明:所有多孔陶瓷表现出三维贯通的开气孔,尺寸约为1—7μm.烧结温度强烈影响BaTiO_3陶瓷的孔隙率,加入10%低沸点的糊精时,1250℃和1280℃烧结均获得孔隙率高达58%的多孔BaTiO_3陶瓷;然而1300℃烧结,陶瓷孔隙率急速下降到13%.1250℃烧结10%糊精含量的陶瓷表现出高的静水压优值(约8376×10~/(-15)Pa~(-1))和低的声阻抗(约2.84MRrayls(1Rayl=10Pa·s/m)).与1250℃相比,1280℃烧结的陶瓷晶粒之间的结合力明显增强,有利于提高陶瓷的力学强度.这些优异的性能预示着多孔钛酸钡陶瓷在传感器和水听器领域有着潜在的应用前景.     

�߹���΢���մɴ��Ľṹ�Ż�

The structure and its optimization of 2.45GHz high power microwave ceramic window are introduced in this paper. The structure optimization includes optimization of structure dimensions and coolant flowing rate. The microwave properties are sufficient when the thickness of ceramic disk is 4.4mm and the length of cylindrical waveguide is 52.3mm. The maximum thermal stress on the ceramic disk is far less than the limitation that ceramic disk could sustainable stress when the coolant flowing rate is 0.4t×h^-1 . Optimized ceramic window did not appear crack problem after several runs of experiments.     

Self-lubricative coating grown by micro-plasma oxidation on aluminum alloys in the solution of aluminate-graphite

Aluminum trioxide ceramic coatings with high hardness were grown on surfaces of 2024 Aluminum alloys by micro-plasma oxidation in an aluminate electrolytic solution, which highly improve wear-resisting properties of 2024 Aluminum alloys. However, ceramic coating surfaces are porous and very coarse, which is disadvantageous to practical applications. In this paper, in order to increase the density of the pores and decrease the friction coefficient of the ceramic coatings, different concentrations (2-8 g/l) of graphite were added into the aluminate electrolytic solution. The thickness and hardness of the produced ceramic coatings were measured by HVS-100 micro-hardness tester and thickness tester. The friction coefficient of the coatings was studied by a frictionometer. The phase composition and surface morphology of the MPO films were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the thickness of the ceramic coating is about 22 ± 1 μm, surfaces of the ceramic coatings are very uniform and that the coatings consist of mainly aluminum trioxides and a certain amount of graphite, which indicates graphite have entered the ceramic films during the micro-plasma oxidation process. Wear properties results show that the friction coefficient of the ceramic coatings decreased when graphite entered the ceramic films. When the concentration of graphite is 4 g/l, the wear properties of the coatings is the most excellent and the friction coefficient decreases to the lowest, that is 0.09.     

合肥光源镀膜陶瓷真空室纵向阻抗计算

 在估计合肥光源新注入系统中回形镀膜陶瓷真空室的耦合阻抗时，对于规则轴对称边界，可以采用场匹配技术求解柱坐标系中Maxwell方程得到耦合阻抗解析表达式。对于非规则形状，解析求解困难，须根据同轴线方法测量纵向阻抗基本原理，数值计算镀膜陶瓷真空室耦合阻抗。计算结果表明，陶瓷真空室内表面镀金属膜可以大大降低束流耦合阻抗，但镀膜陶瓷真空室仍是合肥光源储存环的主要阻抗来源之一。     

Study of the sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer

The sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied. The transducer consists of front and back metal cylinders, and coaxially segmented, tangentially polarized, piezoelectric ceramic tubes. The torsional vibration of the tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic slender tube was studied first and its electromechanical equivalent circuit was derived. Based on the network theory and the electromechanical equivalent circuit, the torsional vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic cylinder, formed by stacking a number of identical short piezoelectric ceramic rings, was analysed and the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric ceramic stack in torsional vibration was developed. Finally, the sandwiched ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied and resonance frequency equations were derived which can be used to design and calculate the torsional transducers for different applications.     

Separation efficiency and pressure drop of SiC ceramic and Mellapak structured packings

This paper describes application of SiC ceramic foam to distillation. The investigated foam SiC ceramic packing and smooth SiC ceramic packing parameters in geometrical characteristics are similar to the Mellapale structured packing parameters. The hydrodynamic performance parameters including pressure drop for dry and wet packing, flood velocity, and liquid hold-up, which are determined in a plexiglas tower of a 100-mm internal diameter. The mass transfer efficiency is measured in another glass tower of a 100-mm internal diameter by total reflux experiments, using a mixture of n-heptane and cyclohexane at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results show that the foam SiC ceramic structured packing has a higher dry and wet pressure drop, higher liquid hold-up, higher mass transfer efficiency, and unchanged flood velocity, comparing with a smooth SiC ceramic structured packing with the same shape. Comparison of the experimental data on the separation efficiency and relative pressure drop was performed for foam/smooth SiC ceramic and metal Mellapak structured packings.     

强流电子束二极管陶瓷真空界面

从绝缘和机械强度两方面优化设计了一种应用于强流电子束二极管的陶瓷真空界面。首先,依据真空沿面闪络机理及其影响因素,针对外径220mm的陶瓷板,应用ANSYS静电场模拟,通过对阴极电极形状和阳极外壳尺寸的调整,使得陶瓷沿面电场和阴、阳极三结合点场强均得到了有效控制。模拟结果显示:陶瓷沿面电场分布均匀,阴、阳极三结合点场强小于30kV/cm,电场线与陶瓷表面所成角度基本保持在45°;其次,针对陶瓷与电极的约束结构,通过静力和瞬态冲击分析,确定了该陶瓷界面可承受的最大静压和冲击波最大峰压分别为4.8MPa和60MPa;最后,在脉宽200ns的脉冲功率驱动源上进行了实验研究,陶瓷真空界面平均绝缘场强达到44kV/cm,二极管运行稳定,机械性能可靠,实验结果与理论设计相符。