化学自催化混沌反应模型中的耦合作用与混沌同步

选用混沌自催化反应作为子系统,构造了耦合自催化反应系统,研究了耦合变量、耦合系数对混沌动力学行为的影响,给出了不同耦合系数下系统的动力学特征,探讨了耦合作用机制.结果表明,耦合作用能明显地改变子系统的动力学行为,强化系统间的相关性.耦合后的混沌运动受到调整与抑制,耦合强度加大时,呈现出混沌运动轨线的周期化,耦合系数大于临界值,两子系统实现了完全的同步.不同变量的耦合时,影响最大的是第二种变量.对于三种物质均有耦合时,更容易出现混沌的抑制、运动状态的锁相与周期化和混沌的完全同步.     

无标度神经元网络化学突触耦合诱导的依赖于时滞的同步转迁（摘要）

研究表明,神经元体系中化学突触耦合较电耦合更加普遍.本文研究了时滞无标度热敏神经元网络中化学耦合诱导的同步转迁现象.发现,不同延迟时间下有不同形式的同步转迁行为.无时滞情况下,出现从混沌簇放电到簇同步转变;对于较小的延迟时间,从混沌簇放电到峰放电同步;对于较大的延迟时间,则间歇性地出现从混沌簇放电到峰放电的多次同步转迁.这表明,化学突触耦合诱导的同步转迁行为强烈地依赖于时滞大小.这一发现可以帮助人们更好地了解时滞和化学耦合共同作用下神经元的放电活动.     

线状铜电极在磷酸溶液中电流混沌振荡的同步行为

研究了恒电位下两个铜线电极在磷酸溶液中的电流混沌振荡行为,通过恒定不同的电位数值,改变单个电极的电流振荡混沌行为,研究了不同混沌间的相互作用.调整线电极间的距离,研究了电极间距对电流振荡行为的影响.实验中两电极的振荡间呈现了复杂的耦合作用,耦合后的频率与耦合前电极原有的频率不同.两电极的混沌电流振荡中呈现出同步、准周期同步和反相同步等现象.电极距离一定时,振荡波形差别很大的两电极的电流容易呈现反相同步和准周期同步,波形差别不大时容易产生同步.强的耦合导致电极间电流振荡的同步,电极距离的加大,电极间电流振荡难以产生同步.对耦合作用机制也进行了探讨.     

Belousov-Zhabotinsky化学体系中超混沌及其同步的研究

曾有报道在Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ)体系的实验研究中未实现超混沌。但 通过不同类型的变量耦合方式,我们在该体系的Montanatar模型中得到了超混沌发 现无论采用何种耦合方式,只要耦合强度足够小,均能得到超混沌。另外,对两个 所产生的超混沌BZ体系,在全变量耦合、双变量耦合及K-B空间标量耦合法的策略 下,均实现了同步调制,并且从横截Lyapunov指数判据理论给予验证。探索了个别 状态变量在耦合中对同步所起的作用。通过双变量耦合发现[Ce~(4+)]不起作用; 通过K-B空间标量耦合法发现只有[Br~-]和[HBrO_2]的线性组合能起作用,可能由 于它们出现在同一个基元反应中。     

外噪声作用下可激发系统中的预测同步现象

采用数值模拟方法研究了由2个完全相同的可激发系统,通过单向延迟反馈耦合连接所组成主动-从动系统中的预测同步现象.结果表明在相等的外噪声作用下,当延迟时间和耦合强度在适当的范围内取值时,从动系统发生放电活动时所产生的动作电位能够预测主动系统发生放电活动时所产生的动作电位,即出现了预测同步现象,并且预测时间不可能大于主动神经元的响应时间.     

周期扰动位相对化学振荡的调制效应

由Rossler反应系统的理论模型出发,构造一种具有外部周期扰动的新动力学系统,并采用逆算符法和数值分析法研究该系统的振荡态在周期扰动调制下的动力学行为.结果表明,在周期扰动的调制下,系统的状态由单周期振荡态(1p)变为周期2(2p)、周期4(4p)等多周期振荡态以及混沌态.扰动位相是系统呈现上述多种演化模式的控制参数,在扰动位相不同的数值区间,系统呈现的演化模式不同,而且扰动位相数值的微小改变,还影响每种演化模式的内部结构.     

基于金/硅纳米线阵列肖特基结的自驱动式的可见-近红外光探测器性能研究

本文成功构筑了金/硅纳米线(Au/SiNWs)阵列自驱动式可见-近红外光探测器.探测器在暗态时表现出良好的二极管整流特性,在±1 V偏压下,整流比达584.在可见-近红外光照下,光探测器具有明显的光生伏特效应.光探测性能研究表明:当无外加偏压时,探测器对波长为405 nm、532 nm和1064 nm的光源具有较高的响应率,并且响应快速、信号稳定,重现性良好;当给器件施加一个很小的正偏压时,通过暗态和照光的切换,探测器可使外电路中的电流快速地正负交替变化,从而实现一种快速、有效的二进制光响应.自驱动式Au/SiNWs阵列光探测器显示了高灵敏、快速、宽光谱响应特性,具有巨大的应用前景.     

混沌系统的变量变化率反馈控制方法研究

设计了一种控制连续非线性系统中混沌的新方法--变量变化率脉冲反馈(VRPF)方法.介绍了VRPF方法的控制原理以及反馈系数和脉冲间隔的选择技巧.将此方法应用到BZ反应3D模型系统混沌的控制中,计算机仿真模拟显示,通过恰当地选择反馈系数和脉冲间隔,可以将系统稳定在1p、2p、3p、4p、…、2n×3mp (n、m为整数)这样不同的周期轨道,从而使系统的功率谱也由混沌态时的连续谱转变为具有分立单峰的分立谱.此外,仿真模拟还发现VRPF方法具有极宽的控制域.     

分子间电子耦合的简便计算方法—孤立轨道法

在两态模型近似下,运用不同的计算方法评估了面心放置苯二聚体分子间电子转移耦合矩阵元.其中,基于孤立轨道依据二聚体自洽计算得到的单电子Hamiltonian(Fock矩阵)直接求解的电子转移积分的计算方法能方便地考虑孤立轨道的非正交性所带来的影响得到准确的有效电子转移积分的数值解.在该孤立轨道方法下,基函数和分子间距对电子耦合积分的影响也被系统研究.结果表明,相对基于过渡态理论寻找"两态能量差最小"计算的精确电子耦合值,基函数D95V计算结果表现出最好距离相关性.     

一氧化碳催化氧化过程中噪声和信号的协同效应

在合适的条件下 ,噪声和信号同时输入非线性体系统 ,其响应规律可以表现出协同效应 ,这就是所谓的随机共振 ,其中噪声起到积极作用 :提高信噪比 ,增加弱信号可测性 .以一氧化碳催化氧化表面反应为例 ,通过线性稳定性分析方法 ,研究了系统的稳定性问题 ,以及体系对外加噪声和信号的调制响应 ;通过数值模拟发现 ,当体系处于狭窄的双稳态区 ,或化学振荡区边缘时 ,噪声可以诱发态 态转变 ,发生随机共振现象 ,表现出比一维体系更丰富的动力学特征 .     

实验控制Belousov-Zhabotinsky-CSTR化学混沌反应

用两种方法来控制在连续流动釜式反应器(CSTR)中的Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)化学混沌反应:(1)自适应延迟时间反馈控制方案;(2)线性自相互作用控制方案。第一种控制方案是一种微扰控制,并能将BZ-CSTR化学混沌稳定控制到其内嵌的不稳定周期轨道(UPO)上去。这种方法的优越之外可以由系统延迟时间的自适应调节得以显示。第二种控制方案可以驱动BZ-CSTR混沌动力学到达一系列规则的动力学状态,这些动力学状态可能并不是混沌轨道中内嵌的本征轨道。在控制BZ-CSTR化学混沌反应的实验中,这两种方案显示出了很大的灵活性和有效性。     

Chemical synaptic coupling-induced delay-dependent synchronization transitions in scale-free neuronal networks

Chemical synaptic couplings are more common than electric(gap junction) connections in neurons.In this paper,the firing synchronizations induced by chemical synaptic coupling in chemically delayed scale-free networks of modified Hodgkin-Huxley neurons have been studied.It was found that the chemical coupling-induced synchronization transitions are delay-dependent and much different for various delay lengths.In the absence of delay,the neurons exhibit a transition from chaotic bursting(CB) to bursting synchr...     

Potential flux landscapes determine the global stability of a Lorenz chaotic attractor under intrinsic fluctuations

We developed a potential flux landscape theory to investigate the dynamics and the global stability of a chemical Lorenz chaotic strange attractor under intrinsic fluctuations. Landscape was uncovered to have a butterfly shape. For chaotic systems, both landscape and probabilistic flux are crucial to the dynamics of chaotic oscillations. Landscape attracts the system down to the chaotic attractor, while flux drives the coherent motions along the chaotic attractors. Barrier heights from the landscape topography provide a quantitative measure for the robustness of chaotic attractor. We also found that the entropy production rate and phase coherence increase as the molecular numbers increase. Power spectrum analysis of autocorrelation function provides another way to quantify the global stability of chaotic attractor. We further found that limit cycle requires more flux and energy to sustain than the chaotic strange attractor. Finally, by detailed analysis we found that the curl probabilistic flux may provide the origin of the chaotic attractor.     

Structures of chaos in open reaction systems

By numerically simulating the Bray-Liebhafsky (BL) reaction (the hydrogen peroxide decomposition in the presence of hydrogen and iodate ions) in a continuously fed well stirred tank reactor (CSTR), we find "structured" types of chaos emerging in regular order with respect to flow rate as the control parameter. These chaotic "structures" appear between each two successive periodic states, and have forms and evolution resembling to the neighboring periodic dynamics. More precisely, in the transition from period-doubling route to chaos to the arising periodic mixture of different mixed-mode oscillations, we are able to recognize and qualitatively and quantitatively distinguish the sequence of "period-doubling" chaos and chaos consisted of mixed-mode oscillations (the "mixed-mode structured" chaos), both appearing in regular order between succeeding periodic states. Additionally, between these types of chaos, the chaos without such recognizable "structures" ("unstructured" chaos) is also distinguished. Furthermore, all transitions between two successive periodic states are realized through bifurcation of chaotic states. This scenario is a universal feature throughout the whole mixed-mode region, as well as throughout other mixed-mode regions obtained under different initial conditions.     

The search for quantum chaos: From celestial mechanics to the helium atom

The classical problem of three bodies interacting under their mutual gravitational force has long been known to exhibit a mixture of regular and chaotic dynamics. Three bodies interacting under the influence of their mutual electric force should exhibit the same dynamical behavior, because the gravitational force and the electric force both obey the same inverse-square power law. However, an atomic-scale three-body electrical system—the helium atom—is also governed by quantum mechanics. The question is how the underlying chaotic classical behavior of the three-body electrical problem manifests in a quantum system. Or, how large does an atom have to be to show classical behavior? This question is addressed by experiments performed using an ultrabright beam of photons from the Advanced Light Source to study doubly excited autoionizing states of the helium atom.     

Synchronization of the circadian rhythm generator and the effects of glucagon on hypothalamic mouse neurons detected by acoustic wave propagation

A thickness shear mode acoustic wave sensor has been used to study the reaction of clonal, immortalized hypothalamic murine neurons in response to glucagon and serum shock in a label free, continuous and real time manner under physiological conditions. Two cell lines were examined; these were the mHypoE-38s and the mHypoE-46s. The technique possesses sufficient sensitivity to detect minor neuronal changes and is capable of discerning subtle differences in cellular behaviors under both stimuli. The kinetics and magnitude of the changes observed here are significantly different compared to those instigated upon causing depolarization, cytoskeletal modifications and surface-adhesion specific interaction alterations with the same cells. Interestingly, this technique has the sensitivity and capability of observing all such changes at the neuronal level without the necessity for invasive interrogation. Under the influence of glucagon, the neurons display both short- and long-term changes, in particular the resonant frequency shifts by -23 ± 8 Hz (n = 13, std. dev.) and the motional resistance decays at a rate of approximately 10 Ω h(-1) over a 2 hour interval. The effect of synchronizing the neurons prior to glucagon stimulation did not influence the cellular changes observed. The process of partial and full synchronization of the cells resulted in different responses. For full synchronization, the addition of the serum bolus triggered resonant frequency and motional resistance shifts of +75 Hz and +18.5 Ω respectively, which decayed back to baseline levels after 30 minutes. The duration of this decay closely matched the time required for full synchronization in a separate study. The changes observed for partial synchronization were significantly different from full synchronization as the baseline levels in both resonant frequency and motional resistance were not re-achieved indicative of the cell-sensor system detecting the difference between full and partial synchronization. Preliminary qualitative immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR studies on these cells support the results obtained with the TSM sensor for the glucagon receptor study.     

Steady-state and transient electrical properties of ion-exchange membrane systems in asymmetric arrangements

The steady-state and transient electrical properties of ion-exchange membranes placed between two solutions with different values of the electrolyte concentration, have been simulated using the network simulation method. The ionic transport processes are theoretically described on the basis of the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations. The system under study is constituted by a cation-exchange membrane in which the fixed-charge is homogeneously distributed in space and two diffusion boundary layers on both sides of the membrane, the electric double layers at the interfaces being included. The steady-state voltage-current characteristic and the profiles of the ionic concentrations and the electric potential, are analysed. Also, the choronopotentiometric response of the system has been discussed and the time evolution of the electric energy consumption evaluated. In particular, the influence of the ratio of the bathing concentrations on the permselectivity and the chronopotentiometric response of the ion-exchange membrane systems, has been established.     

Optical Study of Interactions of Glass Beads ER Particles

The amount of ER effect is determined by the difference of dielectric constants of ER particles base liquid.The intensity of ER fluids can be characterized by the interaction of two particles. A double optical tweezers system suitable to study particle interaction is used to measure the particle aggregation time, and it is found that the particle aggregation time is proportional to the square of the electric field. This is the first time to directly measure the interaction of the electric dipoles of ER particles. A method is developed to use high speed CCD in measuring diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS), and, for the first time, the auto-correlation functions of nonegordic system of particle structure are measured to study the ER mechanism. Structure response time and force response time are obtained for glass beads ER fluid, and the time variation of characteristic decay times of system correlation functions under different electric fields is also measured. Diffusing coefficients under different fields imply that the interaction is proportional to the square of fields.     

Complex dynamics in a periodically perturbed electro-chemical system

Dynamical response of a passivation model subjected to parametric periodic and stochastic perturbations is studied numerically. In response to weak periodic modulation, the system exhibits a rich variety of resonance behavior and induced dynamics, including periodically induced oscillation, birhythmicity, switching between two bistable states, selection of one of the bistable states, mixed-mode and chaotic oscillations. These phenomena are discussed in terms of the stability of saddle focus and an incomplete homoclinic connection. Our numerical results are relevant for a wide class of electro-chemical oscillatory systems, where the re-injection of unstable trajectory on the neighborhood of a saddle focus is a typical feature in the phase space.     

Design and simulation of the micromixer with chaotic advection in twisted microchannels

Chaotic mixers with twisted microchannels were designed and simulated numerically in the present study. The phenomenon whereby a simple Eulerian velocity field may generate a chaotic response in the distribution of a Lagrangian marker is termed chaotic advection. Dynamic system theory indicates that chaotic particle motion can occur when a velocity field is either two-dimensional and time-dependent, or three-dimensional. In the present study, micromixers with three-dimensional structures of the twisted microchannel were designed in order to induce chaotic mixing. In addition to the basic T-mixer, three types of micromixers with inclined, oblique and wavelike microchannels were investigated. In the design of each twisted microchannel, the angle of the channels' bottoms alternates in each subsection. When the fluids enter the twisted microchannels, the flow sways around the varying structures within the microchannels. The designs of the twisted microchannels provide a third degree of freedom to the flow field in the microchannel. Therefore, chaotic regimes that lead to chaotic mixing may arise. The numerical results indicate that mixing occurs in the main channel and progressively larger mixing lengths are required as the Peclet number increased. The swaying of the flow in the twisted microchannel causes chaotic advection. Among the four micromixer designs, the micromixer with the inclined channel most improved mixing. Furthermore, using the inclined mixer with six subsections yielded optimum performance, decreasing the mixing length by up to 31% from that of the basic T-mixer.