Spontaneous soliton production by an optical pulse with a nonlinear shift of the carrier frequency

The perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation model is used to investigate the decay of a strong optical pulse in an absorbing medium with consideration of the nonlinear frequency shift of the pulse. The regularities of the spontaneous soliton production process are investigated numerically. It is established that with the use of the nonlinear frequency shift effect, not only can dissipative losses be compensated in waveguides, but the retarded signal can also be amplified.     

脉冲发电机电源宽频变化情况下锁相技术仿真

针对在基波频率变化情况下传统锁相环无法进行正确锁相的问题,提出了基于同步参考坐标系的追踪型三相软件锁相环.三相电压信号(Va、Vb、Vc)经同步坐标变换后,得到两相静止坐标(Vα、Vβ)信号,再经过旋转坐标变化后获得(Vd、Vq)信号;Vq信号经过低通滤波后,进行动态信号延迟,其延迟的时间由输出的频率信号获得;把延迟前...     

适用于探地雷达应用的低振铃单周期脉冲发生器

设计了一种新型的适用于道路检测探地雷达的单周期脉冲发生器。该脉冲发生器包含驱动电路、阶跃恢复二极管(SRD)脉冲形成电路和脉冲整形电路三部分。驱动电路可以使TTL形式的触发脉冲变为电流更大的快前沿脉冲,用来形成给后级电路的驱动脉冲;SRD脉冲产生电路选取渡越时间较小的阶跃恢复二极管结构,通过对前级电路产生的驱动脉冲整形得到负极性高斯脉冲,然后利用微带短路线、肖特基二极管和电容并联实现生成单周期脉冲和振铃抑制的功能,提高超宽带天线辐射的效率以及测量信噪比。测量结果表明,在1 MHz脉冲重复频率的情况下,峰峰值最大为23 V,脉冲半高宽为138 ps,振铃水平为1.25%,而当脉冲重复频率提高到5 MHz,该脉冲发生器产生脉冲波形幅度和带宽基本没有太大变化。这些特征说明,该脉冲发生器具有很高的频率稳定性,且在高分辨率探测应用情景中将会有很好的表现。     

Magnetic resonance sounding: Enhanced modeling of a phase shift

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is a geophysical method for noninvasive groundwater investigation. A wire loop on the surface is energized by a pulse of oscillating current. After the pulse is cut off, the free induction decay signal from groundwater is measured with the same loop. The Larmor frequency depends on the Earth’s magnetic field and varies between 800 and 2800 Hz around the world. Available mathematical models assume that the geomagnetic field is constant and the pulse frequency is equal to the Larmor frequency. These assumptions allow calculation of the phase shift of the signal caused by only the electrical conductivity of the subsurface. However, the existing models are simplified. The Earth’s magnetic field may be locally modified by rocks and often is not homogeneous over the volume investigated by MRS. It may also vary in time. A nonconstant geomagnetic field is changing the Larmor frequency at 1 to 5 Hz during one sounding, whilst the pulse frequency is set in the beginning of the sounding. Under these conditions, the assumption of zero frequency offset between the pulse frequency and the Larmor frequency is often unsound. The nonzero frequency offset causes a phase shift in the MRS signal comparable with the shift caused by electrically conductive rocks. For increasing the accuracy of phase shift modeling, and enhanced mathematical model in which the frequency offset is taken into account has been developed. With the enhanced model, the phase of the MRS signal can be calculated with better accuracy. Field measurements reveal a good correlation between experimental and theoretical signals.     

Millimeter-wave pulse generation based on pulse reshaping using superstructure fiber Bragg grating

A novel optical approach is proposed to generate millimeter wave (MMW) pulse signal based on the pulse reshaping of superstructure fiber Bragg grating (SSFBG). In our scheme, one input pico-second Gaussian pulse is transformed into n Gaussian pulses by the SSFBG reshaping firstly, and then the pulse train is replicated to form a required frequency modulation MMW optical pulse envelope by the linear chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) or other highly dispersive element. The high-speed photodetector (PD) and band-pass filter can transform the MMW optical pulse into an MMW pulse signal ultimately. Depending on this scheme, MMW signals with frequency up to 10 GHz can be easily generated by the completed fiber components.     

模块化多路同步快脉冲触发源设计

基于超快速高压大功率半导体开关、脉冲形成电路以及同心等间距传输的关键技术,提出一种模块化多路同步快脉冲触发源技术方案。设计出在负载阻抗为50Ω时,可同步输出两种快脉冲触发信号:一种幅度大于20V(4路)、脉冲前沿小于820ps、脉冲宽度大于100ns;另一种则是幅度大于100V(4路)、前沿小于1.4ns、脉宽大于100ns;在外触发作用下,触发源系统抖动和脉冲输出同步分散性分别达到2ns和36.6ps。电路结构上充分利用等间距电信号传输的原理,实现了快脉冲触发源模块化的设计。通过实验结果验证了所采用的设计原理及方法的可行性,给出了在外触发脉冲单次和重频(5kHz)作用下该同步快脉冲触发源输出的实验结果。     

强流脉冲驱动的X波段多注相对论速调管相位特性

相位特性是目前制约多注相对论速调管放大器进一步拓展应用的关键参数之一,为了有效提高器件输出微波相位的稳定性,利用一维非线性理论对X波段强流多注速调管放大器开展了理论研究,得到由强流脉冲特性引起的腔体杂频以及电子束运动速度变化率是造成输出微波相位波动的部分主要原因,同时基于18注实心电子束构成的X波段多注相对论速调管放大器开展了强流脉冲特性对输出微波频率和相位影响的数值计算,最后利用粒子模拟手段对理论结果进行验证。理论和模拟结果一致表明:强流脉冲的前沿和波动都将导致器件内实际工作频率的偏移,并引起相位波动;在脉冲前沿段,脉冲前沿长度越短,器件内实际工作频率偏移越大,相位波动幅度越大;在脉冲平顶段,脉冲波动导致的频率偏移与电压变化率相关,与电压的幅值无关,而脉冲电压波动导致的输出微波相位波动由电压变化率及其变化幅度两者共同决定。     

基于磁隔离驱动的亚微秒高压脉冲电源

为满足不可逆电穿孔对高压纳秒脉冲电源的需求,并且突破电源模块耐压的限制,提出了一款以正极性Marx为主电路、具有ns级前沿的高重复频率的亚微秒高压脉冲电源。该脉冲电源使用光纤传输信号,经过驱动芯片放大信号后,利用磁芯变压器传递驱动信号给MOSFET。磁芯变压器给电路提供了磁隔离,使驱动电路不会受高压输出的影响,提高了电路的耐压水平。驱动电路设计简单,所需元器件较少,可提供负压偏置,使开关管可靠关断,提高电路的抗电磁干扰能力,保障电路稳定运行。此电源由16级电路构成,实验表明:在10 kΩ纯阻性负载上,当输入电压为630 V时,即可得到10 kV的高压输出。其最小脉宽为300 ns,频率1 Hz～10 kHz可调。该脉冲电源结构紧凑,能够做到输出电压、脉宽、频率可调。研究了磁芯材料和匝数对驱动脉宽的影响。结果表明:匝比的增加会影响信号脉宽,在一定的条件下,单匝电感量的差异和磁芯材料的不同对信号脉宽的影响较小。     

Dynamics of pulse propagation in phase-shifted fibre Bragg gratings: a numerical investigation

Fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) are an integral component of optical fibre based communication systems for signal processing. Uniform FBGs and phase-shifted FBGs find major applications as add-drop filters in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems where these are used to filter out channels and to shape the signal spectrum. We investigate numerically the spatiotemporal deformation of pulses as they propagate through the gratings. In particular, the effect on the pulse dynamics of phase shift or defect present in the gratings, often introduced intentionally in a grating to generate a narrow transmission spike within the stopband, is studied in time domain. This study is of significance since the deformation in the pulse in time limits the maximum bit rate achievable, and hence the pulse duration and shape need to be analysed and controlled accurately. A time domain numerical tool based on the Transmission Line Modelling (TLM) method is developed to study the pulse dynamics. The results obtained give useful information about the signal dynamics in gratings with defects, including the signal oscillations trapped in the defect, to be considered in applications such as while designing spectral filters.     

尾波场中传播的激光脉冲的频率漂移

一个超短超强激光脉冲在另一个超短脉冲激发的尾波场中传播时，如果这两个脉冲之间距离合适，第二个脉冲前半部分经历的电子密度比后半部分高，其后部群速度高于前部，脉冲将被压缩，频率向高频方向移动.用PIC粒子模拟证实了这一点，模拟得到的频移与理论结果吻合.另外，非线性效应使得最有效频移对应的脉冲之间的间距比线性理论估计值大. 关键词： 频移 有质动力 电子俘获     

High repetition-rate pulse generation for millimeter-wave pulse signal by two cascaded Gires-Tournois Interferometers

A simple optical approach is proposed to obtain millimeter-wave (MMW) pulse signal by the high repetition-rate pulse generation in two cascaded Gires-Tournois Interferometers (GTIs). Compared with single GTI, the cascaded GTIs can optimize the MMW pulse envelope and improve the performance of radio frequency (RF) signal by adjusting the space of cascaded GTIs to change the reflection times of optical propagating signal. The primary influences for the cascaded GTIs on MMW pulse are analyzed theoretically and measured experimentally. It is shown that the good agreement between experimental results and theoretical simulations verifies the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed scheme.     

Simulation of a chirped femtosecond relativistic laser pulse interaction with underdense plasma by using a hydrodynamic approach

A chirped laser pulse indicates that the laser frequency changes over the duration of the pulse: a positively (negatively) chirped pulse implies that the laser frequency increases (decreases) with time. In this paper, we use a simplified, fully relativistic hydrodynamic approach to simulate the influence of chirp on the propagation of a femtosecond relativistic laser pulse in underdense plasma. Based on this simplified cold‐fluid model, the influence of chirp on the main dynamics of the laser pulse, such as self‐steepening, red‐shift in the leading edge, variation of the frequency chirp, and the generated wakefields can be studied self‐consistently. The simulation results show that a pulse with a positive chirp results in a larger increment in the intensity parameter a₀ when propagating a certain distance into an underdense plasma compared with an un‐chirped and a negatively chirped pulse, which is largely because of a much greater forward shift of the peak amplitude and more severe pulse self‐steepening effect due to the frequency red‐shift at the leading edge when exciting a plasma wave. The ponderomotive force, which relates to the first‐order differential of the laser pulse intensity envelope, is expected to be stronger for a positively chirped pulse because of its steeper leading edge and larger intensity parameter a₀. As a result, the wakefield driven by the positively chirped laser pulse is more intense than that driven by an un‐chirped and a negatively chirped laser pulse, which is confirmed by our self‐consistent hydrodynamic simulation.     

基于光束偏转的扫描式宽带光参量啁啾脉冲放大

光参量啁啾脉冲放大(OPCPA)是超短激光脉冲领域的重要技术之一,增大增益带宽对提高OPCPA的转换效率、实现宽带光参量放大具有重要的意义.本文将光束偏转和非共线OPCPA有机结合,提出了基于光束偏转的扫描式宽带OPCPA模型.分析了通过光束偏转来时刻改变非共线角,以保证各频率成分的相位匹配,从而增大增益带宽的基本原理.采用提出的扫描式宽带OPCPA,针对800 nm中心波长、带宽约为100 nm信号光的光参量放大进行了数值计算.结果表明:经过扫描式OPCPA后,信号光的带宽与放大之前几乎相同,光谱没有窄化;扫描式OPCPA比固定非共线角方式的放大极大地增加了增益带宽和转换效率,实现了宽带的光参量放大;要满足信号光各频率成分的相位匹配,达到最大的增益带宽和转换效率,需要尽量减小加载到钽铌酸钾(KTa_(1-x) Nb_xO_3, KTN)电光晶体上的电压抖动和电压延时.     

Soliton mechanism of acoustic pulse frequency conversion to the red region

Self-scattering of a transverse acoustic pulse from a longitudinal strain video pulse (induced by an acoustic pulse) in a paramagnetic crystal in a magnetic field is predicted. This effect is accompanied by a continuous frequency shift of the hypersonic pulse to the red region; this shift is proportional to the pulse intensity.     

MHz 高压脉冲电源设计

设计了一款基于金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)开关的高压高频脉冲发生器,采用多个以光纤信号隔离触发的串联MOSFET作为高压开关,并由FPGA提供控制信号。该发生器由相同的MOSFET管部分组成,并联并按顺序触发,与参考信号同步。所述电路和工作模式克服了MOSFET管发生器的功耗限制,使脉冲重复率显著提高。详细介绍了该MHz高压脉冲发生器的工作原理和制作过程,然后进行了初步试验,验证了该发生器的性能。该电路在1 MHz的高重复率下,输出上升时间为十几ns、脉宽为百ns、电压幅值大于1 kV的平顶脉冲。     

窄脉冲相干激光雷达偏频锁定系统仿真研究

鉴于偏频锁定技术在激光外差探测和激光雷达等方面的广泛作用,基于可编程逻辑器件,设计了适用于窄脉冲激光外差信号的偏频锁定控制系统。在设计中,使用超高速电压比较器进行波形变换、多脉冲鉴频和大概率均值滤波进行数字鉴频,采用小步长快速控制方法进行调频,利用数模转换器和线性放大电路输出调频信号。借助信号发生器产生40ns脉宽的模拟外差信号对系统进行了仿真,实现了设计功能。对系统进行鉴频和调频测试,在40ns脉宽时鉴频误差范围为-7.5MHz～+7.7MHz。     

Frequency shift and pulse compression of an ultrashort pulse in a large-amplitude plasma wave

By calculating the momenta of a coupled set of nonlinear equations of laserpulse-plasma wave interaction in the weak relativistic approximation,the conditions for fre-quency up-shift have been found.That the energy change of the pulse due to frequency shiftis compensated by the change of plasma wave energy results in photon number conservation.Some factors that affect the frequency up-shift are studied.It is also found that the laser pulsecan be compressed when it is located near the valley of plasma density perturbation and ifsome threshold value of the plasma wave field is exceeded.     

Transformation of a Gaussian pulse upon reflection from a resonant thin film structure

Peculiarities of Gaussian pulse reflection from a thin film with a resonance frequency dependence of the permittivity on a substrate with material parameters not depending on frequency are studied. Results of numerical analysis of equations determining the light field distribution in the reflected pulse are presented. The effect of the angle of incidence, carrier frequency, and duration of the incident pulse on the shift and transformation of the reflected pulse envelope is considered.     

超声脉冲长度与重复频率对流动微泡群稳态空化特性的影响

为了深入理解超声脉冲长度(PL)与重复频率(PRF)对流动微泡群稳态空化特性的影响,本研究自行制备仿体血管,利用注射泵推动微泡群在其中恒速流动,使用1 MHz的聚焦换能器激励微泡群产生稳态空化,另一个7.5 MHz的平面换能器接收声信号,经前置放大及高速采集后送至上位机存储。在定义临界重复频率(Critical PRF,CPRF)的基础上,通过深入的时频域分析,我们发现PL和PRF共同决定流动微泡群的稳态空化特性:当PRF低于CPRF时,流动微泡群的稳态空化剂量(Stable Cavitation Dose,SCD)与PL呈正相关,且时域分布均匀;而当PRF大于CPRF时,其稳态空化特性由PL决定,在长PL (＞100μs)下,SCD随着PL增加逐渐减小,且时域分布不均匀;在短PL (＜50μs)下,SCD和PRF无显著相关关系,且时域分布均匀。本研究结果深入阐明了流动微泡群的稳态空化特性,期望可用其获取可预测可控的生物效应,并应用于相关临床治疗。      

Photonic approach to the simultaneous measurement of the frequency, amplitude, pulse width, and time of arrival of a microwave signal

A photonic approach to the simultaneous measurement of the frequency, pulse amplitude (PA), pulse width (PW), and time of arrival (TOA) of an unknown pulsed microwave signal is proposed and demonstrated. The measurement is performed based on optical carrier-suppressed modulation, complementary optical filtering, low-speed photodetection, and electrical signal processing. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out. A frequency measurement range of 2-11 GHz with a measurement error for frequency, PA, PW, and TOA within ±0.1 GHz, ±0.05 V, ±1 ns, and ±0.16 ns is achieved.