响应面法优化H2O2/K2S2O8深度处理印染废水

结合常州市新区某纺织印染厂现有工艺,采用H2O2/K2S2O8深度处理印染废水,探讨了Fe2+浓度、H2O2/K2S2O8摩尔比、pH值和反应时间对COD去除率的影响规律.采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化反应条件并拟合出回归模型,预测COD去除率在最佳反应条件(pH=3.1、Fe2+浓度=0.97 mmol·L-...     

H2O2氧化法修复柴油污染土壤

用20 mL H2O2氧化处理柴油重度污染土壤,研究了土壤含水量过饱和状态下pH值对反应的影响。结果表明,24 h之内,5%初始含油量污土,pH值为5~8时,去油率在96%以上,即pH值近中性的土壤介质,在含水量过饱和情况下,处理条件相同时,其氧化去除效果差别不大;反应后溶液pH值由7.34、6.74、5.78降至7.02、6.58、5.49,这主要是由于一些酸性基团如CO2、H 、羧基、β-酮酸等的产生所致;反应溶液中H2O2量下降明显,1 h时由初始浓度0.05 mol/L降至0.000 3 mol/L左右,测出值趋近于0;表层油含量变化不稳定,但总趋势下降,下层油含量变化则呈明显下降趋势,说明整个氧化过程中柴油组分经历了分解、挥发和自下而上的迁移。     

TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液

采用经过处理的锐钛矿型TiO2作为催化剂,在H2O2存在下,以TiO2/H2O2/超声波协同降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚反应为模型,探讨了TiO2催化剂用量、H2O2用量、超声波功率、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液初始浓度、初始pH值对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率的影响。结果表明,在一定的超声波功率和一定的TiO2用量范围内,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解率随超声波功率和TiO2用量的增大而增大,达到一定值后保持平稳;当H2O2浓度介于一定范围内,增大H2O2用量可提高壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率,但H2O2用量过多时,反而会使壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的降解率下降;pH<5时,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解效果较好,且pH值越小,降解率越高;pH>5时,降解率越来越低。TiO2/H2O2/超声波体系降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚产生了较强烈的协同效应,在同一时刻三者协同体系的降解率比其3种单独体系的降解率之和高出约60%;在TiO2催化剂用量0.4g/L、H2O2用量0.2g/L、超声波功率600W、降解时间120min的条件下,对初始质量浓度为80mg/L,pH=1的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液进行降解,其降解率达98%以上。     

Fenton-UASB-生物接触氧化处理Fischer-Tropsch合成废水的研究

用Fenton-UASB-生物接触氧化组合工艺对Fischer-Tropsch合成废水进行处理。实验结果表明,采用Fenton法对废水进行预处理,在pH值为3,H2O2的投加量为30 mL/L,Fe2+投加量为1.2 g/L,反应时间为120 min时,去除了63%的CODCr,有效地提高了废水的可生化性;Fenton预处理出水经UASB厌氧生物处理后,CODCr去除率达90%以上;最后经接触氧化后,出水CODCr达100 mg/L以下,达到了GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中化工类废水的二级排放标准。     

絮凝-漂白粉催化氧化处理印染废水

采用絮凝-漂白粉催化氧化法,筛选出硫酸镁催化剂,提高难生化处理的印染废水对色度、COD的去除效果。实验结果表明,对COD_(Cr) 592 mg/L、色度625倍、pH 9.82、SS 150 mg/L的某印染废水,当废水p H为6时,投加Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O 400 mg/L、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)2 mg/L,催化剂硫酸镁80 mg/L,有效氯30%的漂白粉1.0 g/L,CODCr最终去除率达到88.2%,色度去除率98.4%,浊度去除率86.6%,出水pH为6,达到国家二级排放标准。催化氧化的脱色速率提高近一倍,结果对印染废水的处理研究和实际应用具有一定价值。     

混凝沉淀法处理工业含氟废水的工艺研究

以半导体工业中的含氟废水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀法对去除废水中氟离子进行了系统的工艺研究.以Ca(OH)2为沉淀剂,分别用聚合氯化铁(PFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,并加入聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)助凝剂的方法,对药剂投加量、混凝剂种类、体系pH值、沉降时间等因素进行了实验探索.结果显示,PFC比PAC混凝效果好.当Ca(OH)2添加量为理论值的2.5倍,PFC用量为15mg/L,助凝剂PAM用量为4mg/L,体系的pH值在6～7时,其除氟效果最佳,此时废水中残留氟离子浓度可降低至5.5mg/L,远远低于国家规定的排放标准(10mg/L).     

盐改性沸石处理低浓度含Cu~(2+)模拟废水的研究

沸石是一种经济、高效和环境友好的材料,具有吸附、离子交换与催化性能,可作为一种水处理材料用于控制环境污染。本论文探讨了利用盐改性沸石处理低浓度含Cu2+模拟废水的主要影响因素,包括处理时间、改性沸石用量、p H值、废水浓度和处理温度。实验结果表明,用2mol/L Na Cl改性的沸石1.2g处理100.0m L Cu2+质量浓度为10.44mg/L的模拟废水50min,最高去除率达到96.84%,Cu2+剩余浓度为0.33mg/L,处理效果达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

微波诱导Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂催化氧化处理水中苯酚

 以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍-焙烧法制备了Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂,并将其应用于微波诱导催化氧化处理模拟含酚废水. X射线衍射和X射线荧光光谱测试结果表明,活性组分氧化铁在催化剂中以α-Fe2O3的形式存在,其含量为3.71%. 与载体氧化铝相比,Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂的比表面积和平均孔径及平均孔容略有降低. 对于100 mg/L的模拟含酚废水,最佳的处理工艺条件为: 微波辐照功率400 W,辐照时间5 min,催化剂加入量60 g/L,H2O2浓度600 mg/L,体系pH＞4. 在此工艺条件下,水中苯酚的去除率达97.98%. 催化剂连续使用20次后苯酚去除率仍达96.34%. 表观反应动力学研究表明,在氧化铁催化剂存在的条件下,微波诱导H2O2产生氧化性极强的羟基自由基,整个反应过程可分为微波诱导阶段和催化氧化阶段,两个阶段的氧化过程均符合一级反应动力学规律.     

淀粉黄原酸酯的合成及应用研究

本文研究了不溶性交联淀粉黄原酸酯(ISX)的合成及应用(处理含锌废水),探讨了几种主要因素对锌离子去除率的影响(不溶性交联淀粉黄原酸酯的用量、反应溶液pH、反应时间等因素)。试验结果表明:在ISX加入量为理论用量的1.3倍、pH值控制在9左右、室温条件下,锌离子去除率可达98%以上,处理后的废水中锌离子质量浓度为0.2 mg/L,达到国家排放标准(0.5 mg/L)。     

Ru0.7Si0.3O2/Ti电极电催化氧化处理硝基苯废水

制备了Ru0.7Si0.3O2/Ti电极,并以该电极作为氧化阳极,不锈钢为阴极,电催化氧化降解废水中硝基苯。 实验结果表明,当硝基苯初始质量浓度为220 mg/L时,最佳条件为：电流密度25×10-3 A/cm2;Na2SO4作为电解质时加入量为8 g/L;溶液初始pH=2。 在此最佳条件下,硝基苯去除率大于85%,TOC去除率大于50%,表明Ru0.7Si0.3O2/Ti阳极能有效去除废水中有机污染物;对中间产物的检测结果表明,硝基苯的降解是阴阳两极协同作用的结果。     

TREATMENT AND RESOURCE REUSE OF WASTEWATER FROM NAPHTHOL AS-E PRODUCTION PROCESS

1. INTRODUCTION Naphthol As-E is an important intermediate of organic pigment and dyestuff. It is produced by condensation of 2,3-acid (2-hydroxy-3-carboxlic -napthalene) and p-Aminochlorobenzene with wastewater discharged [1]. The detected organic chemicals in the wastewater are primarily composed of 2,3-acid and a little naphthol As-E (Table 1). Both of them are very toxic and resistant to biodegradation. If discharged directly, the valuable materials in the wastewater would be waste…     

TREATMENT AND RESOURCE REUSE OF WASTEWATER FROM NAPHTHOL AS—E PRODUCTION PROCESS

The wastewalter from naphthol As-E production process was treated with macroporous polymeric adsorbent DNDA-222,Naphthol As-E and 2,3-acid in the wastewater could be removed completely and the Total Organic Carbon(TOC) of the wastewater was decreased more than 98% from 1655mg/L to less than 30mg/L.The adsorbates could be desorbed completely with NaOH aqueous solution.     

太阳光照射浮石负载二氧化钛降解氨氮废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ti O_2,并使Ti O_2负载在浮石上制备Ti O_2/浮石光催化剂。用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电镜扫子显微描(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)表征浮石、Ti O_2及Ti O_2/浮石。在太阳光照射下,用Ti O_2/浮石处理模拟氨氮废水,以废水中氨氮降解率为标准,考察影响氨氮降解因素。结果表明,Ti O_2成功固定在浮石表面,负载率为3.71%;废水中氨氮降解率随太阳光照射时间、废水p H值、催化剂Ti O_2/浮石含量增加而增大。当初始氨氮浓度为500 mg/L、太阳照射180 min、废水p H=11、催化剂Ti O_2/浮石剂量为20 g/L时,氨氮降解率达82.0%,氨氮除去率86.8%,降解产物中未发现污染成分NO_2~-和NO_3~-产生。催化剂再生/催化3次,每次再生后氨氮降解率约下降10.0%。该方法快速、简单、低消耗和产生二次污染少,能有效地降解废水中的氨氮。     

Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Media by Fenton-like Sonolysis/H2O2 Process Using Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles

High concentrations of antibiotics have been identified in aqueous media, which has diminished the quality of water resources. These compounds are usually highly toxic and have low biodegradability, and there have been reports about their mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to apply zero-valent iron-oxide nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the sonolysis process for the removal of the amoxicillin antibiotic from aqueous media. In this study, zero-valent iron nanoparticles were prepared by an iron chloride reduction method in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), and the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). Then, using a Fenton-like process, synthetic wastewater containing 100 to 500 mg/L amoxicillin antibiotic was investigated, and the effects of different parameters, such as the frequency (1 and 2 kHz), contact time (15 to 120 min), the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.3%, 0.5%, and 6%), the dose of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 g/L), and pH (3, 5, 10) were thoroughly studied. A pH of 3, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3%, ultrasonic-wave frequency of 130 kHz, zero-valent iron nanoparticles of 0.5 g/L, and contaminant concentration of 100 mg/L were obtained as the optimal conditions of the combined US/H2O2/nZVI process. Under the optimal conditions of the combined process of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ultrasonic waves, a 99.7% removal efficiency of amoxicillin was achieved in 120 min. The results show that the combined US/H2O2/nZVI process could be successfully used to remove environmental contaminants, including antibiotics such as amoxicillin, with a high removal percentage.     

应用大孔吸附树脂从农药废水中回收毕克草

毕克草为一种新型除草剂,通常情况下很难被降解,本文利用物理吸附原理通过自行制备的大孔吸附树脂从农药水中对其进行了回收,回收效果良好,同时也达到了废水处理的目的。优化的最佳实验条件:室温下,pH=1.0以及流速为5BV/h时,对COD为15000mg/L的毕克草废水吸附处理后,其出水可达《污水综合排放标准》(GB89—1996)中的一级排放标准;洗脱再生时,室温下,用95%的乙醇洗脱,流速为2BV/h,(即2倍树脂床体积/h)回收率可达98.4%,纯度达93.7%,总流程一次可处理该废水240mL。     

Highly active nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-Fe3O4 nanocomposites for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions

For the first time, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites, prepared by an in situ reduction method, are employed for chromium(VI) removal in aqueous environment. 96.4% Cr(VI) could be removed by these novel materials within 2h under pH of 8.0 and initial Cr concentration of 20 mg L(-1), compared with 48.8% by bare nFe(3)O(4) and 18.8% by bare nZVI. Effects of several factors, including mass composition of nZVI-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposites, initial pH and Cr(VI) concentration, were evaluated. The optimal ratio of nFe(3)O(4) to nZVI mass lies at 12:1 with a fixed nZVI concentration of 0.05 g L(-1). Low pH and initial Cr(VI) concentration could increase both the Cr(VI) removal efficiency and reaction rate. Corresponding reaction kinetics fitted well with the pseudo second-order adsorption model. Free energy change (ΔG) of this reaction was calculated to be -4.6 kJ mol(-1) by thermodynamic study, which confirmed its spontaneous and endothermic characteristic. The experimental data could be well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich model, and the maximum capacity (q(max)) obtained from the Langmuir model was 100 and 29.43 mg g(-1) at pH 3.0 and 8.0, respectively. The reaction mechanism was discussed in terms of the mutual benefit brought by the electron transfer from Fe(0) to Fe(3)O(4).     

高效液相色谱法测定二羟甲基丙酸反应液

建立了用高效液相色谱法( HPLC)测定二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)反应液的方法.采用ODS-SP反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐(磷酸二氢钾30 mmol/L,pH 3.0)(5∶95)缓冲溶液,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm.在此条件下,二羟甲基丙酸与反应液中其...     

一种基于钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白荧光猝灭法的汞离子传感新方法

采用反复冻融细胞破裂法、硫酸铵分级盐析以及羟基磷灰石柱层析,从钝顶螺旋藻中提取出高纯度的藻蓝蛋白样品,纯度(A62a/A280)达4.1.该蛋白的紫外-可见吸收光谱表明其特征吸收峰为280、360、620nm,荧光光谱表明其最大发射波长为650 nm.以该藻蓝蛋白为荧光探针,发展了一种基于荧光猝灭法的Hg2检测新方法.并考察了缓冲体系、缓冲液pH值、反应时间、温度以及藻蓝蛋白的浓度等因素对汞离子检测的影响,在0.05 mol/L、pH7.5的磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液中,当藻蓝蛋白浓度为3 mg/L、反应时间为30 min、反应温度为30℃时,该方法的线性范围为0.1～10μmol/L,检出限为0.056 μmol/L.该方法表现出良好的汞离子传感选择性,而且当干扰离子与汞离子的浓度比为40∶1时,多种共存离子对汞离子的检测影响较小.该方法荧光探针提取容易,价格低且环境友好,具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性.     

大孔树脂对对硝基苯胺的吸附行为及其应用研究

研究了溶液中无机盐、pH值对氨基修饰超高交联大孔树脂NDA-99、氧修饰超高交联大孔树脂NDA-150和大孔树脂XAD-4吸附对硝基苯胺的影响。结果表明,无机盐对吸附影响不大;NDA-99、NDA-150在中性范围吸附量最大,XAD-4的吸附量随pH增大而增大;3种树脂的吸附等温线都能很好的利用Freundlich方程进行拟合,吸附皆为放热反应且为优惠吸附;3种树脂的饱和吸附量大小依次为NDA-150>NDA-99>XAD-4。依据上述结论,采用NDA-150处理对硝基苯胺生产母液废水,每批次处理量为40BV,废水中对硝基苯胺浓度由2130mg/L降至9.6mg/L,去除率达99.5%,吸附后的树脂采用95%的乙醇可完全再生,高浓度对硝基苯胺乙醇再生溶液经蒸馏可回收对硝基苯胺和脱附剂,实现了废水治理与资源化的统一。     

原子吸收光谱法测定改性梨渣吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的研究

通过原子吸收光谱法研究了在不同pH、吸附剂量、Pb2+浓度和吸附时间条件下磷酸酯化改性梨渣吸附Pb2+的行为。结果表明:溶液初始pH 4.2时,Pb2+的吸附达到最大值;酯化梨渣≥10 g/L能除去Pb2+为30 mg/L溶液中的91%的Pb2+。酯化梨渣对Pb2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,其最大吸附能力为43.99 mg/g。Pb2+达到吸附平衡的时间为40 min,准一级反应动力学方程可描述酯化梨渣对Pb2+的吸附过程。