酒泉盆地新生代磷灰石裂变径迹年龄及其意义

通过酒泉盆地新生代地层裂变径迹年龄分析,对新生代以来酒泉盆地构造过程进行了探讨。研究表明,酒泉盆地源区祁连造山带在54.3M a、41.5M a、39.2M a、33.8M a~37M a有4次快速蚀顶作用,酒泉盆地约26.4M a和13~19M a2次快速构造抬升。     

元谋盆地元谋组地层的裂变径迹年代数据

元谋盆地元谋组地层的裂变径迹年代数据张虎才，钱方，陈怀录（兰州大学地理科学系，兰州，７３００００）自１９６５年在云南元谋盆地新生界元谋组地层中发现“元谋人”化石以来，对元谋盆地新构造运动、地貌演出、古气候演变、地层学及古地磁地层年代学、动植物及微体化...     

晚中生代二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷地层和构造演化研究

二连盆地是中国东北重要的油气、煤炭和铀矿基地,吉尔嘎朗图凹陷是盆地最重要次级凹陷之一.吉尔嘎朗图凹陷的资源勘查工作已经持续了几十年,然而,至今凹陷形成和演化的过程仍缺少精细地刻画.通过磷灰石裂变径迹年代学分析、地震反射剖面分析,结合前人地层定年工作,对晚中生代吉尔嘎朗图凹陷地层和构造演化历史进行了研究.研究结果表明中侏...     

关于地层剥蚀厚度求取方法的讨论：以吐—哈盆地为例

以吐－哈油田为例，用镜质体反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹方法综合求取了地层剥蚀厚度。据此求得吐－哈盆地南部地区三叠系剥蚀厚度多小于５００ｍ；盆地北部的台北凹陷侏罗系剥蚀厚度介于６００ｍ到未剥蚀之间；台北凹陷北部山前带侏罗系剥蚀厚度多在１３００～１８００ｍ之间。     

磷灰石裂变径迹分析在焉耆盆地油气勘探中的应用

研究了博南 1井和焉参 1井侏罗系碎屑岩 6个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果 ,得出北部凹陷中生界埋深普遍 >2 0 0 0 m ,属新生代补偿型地温场分区 ,最大古地温发生在新生代以来的挽近时期 ,中下侏罗统经历的最大古地温约为 70～ 1 1 0℃ ;南部凹陷中生界埋深普遍<1 5 0 0 m,属新生代欠补偿型地温场分区 ,最大古地温发生在侏罗系沉积末 ,下侏罗统—中侏罗统下部经历的最大古地温大约为 80～ 1 1 0℃ ,中侏罗统上部经历的最大古地温低于 70℃。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄特征表明 ,焉耆盆地最显著的抬升降温事件主要发生在白垩纪 ,因此盆地的主构造活动期为中、晚燕山期。南部凹陷和北部凹陷两区侏罗系裂变径迹年龄对比分析结果进一步表明 ,燕山期抬升变形南部 (早白垩世为主 )略早于北部 (晚白垩世为主 ) ,说明抬升变形的序次是由南向北扩展的。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生代构造事件及其沉积响应特点

以鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化的区域动力学环境分析为基础,重点通过锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据的统计分析,提供了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的年代学约束,并结合地层不整合关系和沉积建造特征讨论了中生代构造事件的沉积响应特点.讨论结果表明:印支期构造事件主要发生在230~190Ma,在盆地西南缘发育晚三叠世粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.燕山期构造事件主要发生在燕山中晚期的150~85Ma,包含145Ma±、120Ma±和95Ma±三个峰值年龄组,锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄叠合分布的峰值年龄(140~150Ma±,平均145Ma±),指示了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化过程中最为关键的一次构造变革事件,并在盆地西南缘发育上侏罗统芬芳河组和下白垩统志丹群等多套粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.     

三水盆地古近纪早期微体生物群及其古环境意义

 对三水盆地SB-01钻孔下古近系地层进行了微体化石分析,共发现介形类7属10种,分布于5个层位;轮藻化石9属15种,见于3个层位。根据介形类和轮藻化石的分布、丰度和分异度变化,讨论了三水盆地古近纪早期的古环境变化。分析结果表明,三水盆地古近纪早期可划分为4个环境演化阶段。阶段A（89.0~75.5 m）：气候较干燥,水体较浅的半咸水环境;阶段B（75.5~53.5 m）：气候温暖潮湿为主,湖平面上升,水体盐度仍较高;阶段C（53.5 ~ 21.0 m）：温湿－干旱气候条件交替出现,湖平面和水体盐度波动频繁;阶段D（21.0 ~ 5.2 m）：气候温暖湿润为主,水体较深,湖水逐渐淡化,相应于湖盆发育盛期。     

柴达木古近纪-新近纪盆地的形成演化

目的 对柴达木新生代盆地不同时期的构造格局和盆地演化进行解剖。方法 对柴达木盆地地震、非地震资料进行综合解释，结合钻井及区域资料进行综合研究。结果 新生代盆地深、浅层构造存在较大差异，盆地沉积在不同时期受不同构造格局的控制，古近纪时受近东西向构造控制，新近纪时受北西向构造控制，显示了柴达木盆地新生代时为不同时期受不同方向构造控制的大型叠合盆地。结论 盆地经历了多旋回沉积和多方式的后期改造，不同的构造组合形成了不同的储油气构造模式，对于盆地深层的油气勘探，特别是寻找隐蔽油气藏具有重要意义。     

依兰盆地古近系含煤地层岩相特征及古地理格局

为研究依兰盆地岩相特征及其地观面貌,通过野外露头和钻孔剖面的观察、描述与编录,识别了依兰盆地古近系舍煤岩系的主要岩相类型,据此,分析总结研究区所发育的主要的沉积相及其特征。通过对盆地中钻孔资料的筛选及统计,绘制出依兰盆地古近系富锦组的地层厚度等值线、砂泥比等值线等图件,结合单井和连井对比图的优势相,最后绘制出层序的岩相古地理图。     

磷灰石裂变径迹方法研究沉积盆地古地温—以东营凹陷为例

介绍了应用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFTA)方法研究沉积盆地古地温的原理及研究现状,并以东营凹陷的具体数据为例进行了热史反演。研究表明东营凹陷的古地温梯度基本呈降低的趋势以及“马鞍形”的演变特点。从而表明磷灰石裂变径迹研究沉积盆地古地温是一种行之有效的方法,能够为古地温场的研究提供可靠的依据。     

K-Ar age of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Nangqen Basin, Qinghai Province and its geological significance

The Nangqen Basin is one of the typical shearing-extensional basins situated in the north part of the Hengduan Mts. Nine ages of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the basin by K-Ar isotope-dilution technique have been reported in the note. The apparent ages of whole rock and separated biotite range from 32.04 to 36.50 Ma. The₄₀Ar-K (%) correlation isochronal line shows that there existed neither argon excessing, nor radiogenetic argon loosing, i.e. the age represents the true diagenetic time. Volcanic activity in this area occurred in the post-collision environment and is controlled by lithosphere substantial thickening and violent intercontinental shearing-strike slip faults. There is age difference of the magmatic activity in the east, the west and the north Tibet. The multi-periodic eruption-intrusion of the magmatic melt since Cenozoic is a tracer showing the pulsating uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

Reservoir-forming age and its exploration sisnificance to stratisraphic reservoirs in southern Songliao Basin

Despite many studies concerning the forming age, evolution characteristics and the age of petroleum charging in the Fuxin upheaval of southern Songliao Basin, no consensus has been reached so far. This paper presents the first K-Ar dating of autogenetic illite from stratigraphic petroleum reservoirs in the Fuyu oil layer of the Fuxin upheaval belt. Isotopic test and age calculation were carried out based on the separation and purification of illite mineral, X-diffraction analysis and the detection of scanning electron microscopy. The evolution characteristics of structure, sedimentation, reservoir-forming about the Fuxin upheaval belt were interpreted in terms of the synthetical analysis of ＂six-type geological history＂ evolution in southern Songliao Basin. The geologic background of petroleum evolution and reservoir formation are similar in the entire central depression region of southern Songliao Basin. The Changling sag and the Fuxin upheaval belt brought about obvious upheaval-sag separation after the hydrocarbon-generation peak of K2qn^1 and the main reservoir-forming period of the Fuyu oil layer, namely reservoir-forming happened before the Fuxin upheaval belt extensively raised. The reservoirs have three characteristics： the hydrocarbon source rock above the reservoir, the oil source in the locality, and the vertical migration. The geological cognition is corrected, that is, oil source came from the Changling sag and migrated from the side direction. The bulk process of petroleum charging in the stratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Fuxin upheaval belt of southern Songliao Basin is determined according to the isotopic age of autogenetic illite in combination with the method of fluid inclusions. The cognition is helpful to exactly evaluate the resource potential and exploration direction in the Fuxin upheaval belt, Changling sag and their peripheral areas. The present results indicate that the combination of the two methods （the K-Ar dating of autogenetic illite and fluid inclusions） is an effective way to lay bare petroleum charging history and ascertain reservoir age.     

Reservoir-forming age and its exploration significance to stratigraphic reservoirs in southern Songliao Basin

Despite many studies concerning the forming age, evolution characteristics and the age of petroleum charging in the Fuxin upheaval of southern Songliao Basin, no consensus has been reached so far. This paper presents the first K-Ar dating of autogenetic illite from stratigraphic petroleum reservoirs in the Fuyu oil layer of the Fuxin upheaval belt. Isotopic test and age calculation were carried out based on the separation and purification of illite mineral, X-diffraction analysis and the detection of scanning electron microscopy. The evolution characteristics of structure, sedimentation, reservoir-forming about the Fuxin upheaval belt were interpreted in terms of the synthetical analysis of "six-type geological history" evolution in southern Songliao Basin. The geologic background of petroleum evolution and reservoir formation are similar in the entire central depression region of southern Songliao Basin. The Changling sag and the Fuxin upheaval belt brought about obvious upheaval-sag separation after the hydrocarbon-generation peak of K2qn1 and the main reservoir-forming period of the Fuyu oil layer, namely reservoir-forming happened before the Fuxin upheaval belt extensively raised. The reservoirs have three characteristics: the hydrocarbon source rock above the reservoir, the oil source in the lo- cality, and the vertical migration. The geological cognition is corrected, that is, oil source came from the Changling sag and migrated from the side direction. The bulk process of petroleum charging in the stratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Fuxin upheaval belt of southern Songliao Basin is deter- mined according to the isotopic age of autogenetic illite in combination with the method of fluid inclu- sions. The cognition is helpful to exactly evaluate the resource potential and exploration direction in the Fuxin upheaval belt, Changling sag and their peripheral areas. The present results indicate that the combination of the two methods (the K-Ar dating of autogenetic illite and fluid inclusions) is an effec- tive way to lay bare petroleum charging history and ascertain reservoir age.     

四川盆地地表剥蚀量恢复及其意义

磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)热隆升史模拟能够定量恢复盆地四维动态热隆升剥蚀过程.根据四川盆地93件磷灰石裂变径迹样品定量热史模拟表明,晚白垩世以来盆地发生了广泛的阶段式抬升剥蚀作用,即晚白垩世(～65 Ma前)快速隆升剥蚀、古近纪(65～23 Ma前左右)缓慢隆升剥蚀、新近纪(23 Ma前至今)快速隆升剥蚀.晚白垩世至今盆地范围内隆升剥蚀总厚度普遍大于2.5 km,新近纪快速隆升剥蚀幅度普遍大于1 km.进一步结合31组镜质体反射率反演校正剥蚀量数据,编绘阶段性(晚白垩世以来和新近纪)四川盆地地表剥蚀量等厚图,综合表明晚白垩世以来四川盆地隆升剥蚀量等值线展布格局发生根本变化,即早期主要以NE向展布格局为主(具近NE向和E-W向特征),新近纪则主要以近E-W向展布格局、盆地南北分异(北部地区隆升剥蚀量普遍小于2 km,南部地区普遍大于2 km)为主.四川盆地大中型油气田空间分布与晚中生代-新生代低剥蚀量具有密切联系.     

吐拉盆地侏罗系地层碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

文章依据吐拉盆地下侏罗统大煤沟组碎屑锆石激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,LA-ICP-MS)年代学结果,对该盆地早侏罗世时期的物源进行了分析;采集了2件砂岩样品,编号为TL14-27和TL14-31。样品TL14-27的年龄谱形成了0.45、1.08、1.32、1.68、2.58 Ga等年龄峰值,该频谱特征明显有别于现今盆地两侧的阿尔金块体与东昆仑块体,而与中祁连块体年龄谱信息(1.00～1.80 Ga之间分布广泛且频度较高)高度一致;样品TL14-31的年龄集中于0.40～0.50 Ga之间,与祁连块体结晶岩年龄信息一致而明显有别于东昆仑及阿尔金块体。研究结果表明,吐拉盆地在早侏罗世时期与柴达木盆地北缘(简称"柴北缘")的物源一致,皆来自柴达木盆地东北侧的祁连造山带。该文首次证实了吐拉盆地在中生代时期确实为柴北缘的一部分,现今的吐拉盆地是新生代时期柴达木盆地强烈改造后的剥离残片。研究成果对深入认识青藏高原北缘新生代时期的区域构造演化具有一定意义。     

川西须家河组火山岩夹层时代及其地质意义

四川盆地西部的上三叠统须家河组作为反演前陆盆地构造演化的物质基础，因缺少精确的同位素地层年龄阻碍了对盆山演化的进一步理解。作者在四川盆地西部须家河组中发现了一套火山（碎屑）岩夹层，通过 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 同位素定量分析，获得1件凝灰岩样品中岩浆锆石的结晶年龄，其加权平均值为（214．7±1．6）Ma，属于晚三叠世诺利期。该年龄结果对四川盆地西部须家河组岩石地层单元的划分与对比可提供重要参考，同时为进一步约束龙门山隆升与川西前陆盆地的演化、古特提斯洋关闭等重大事件时限提供了新证据。基于四川盆地及周缘的区域火山活动对比结果，表明诺利期中期（210～222 Ma B．P．）是中国西部地区一次强烈的区域火山喷发阶段，其范围从羌塘地体延伸到东昆仑地体，所对应的构造事件并非传统的印支运动作用。     

Depositional environments of Bathonian sediments from the Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, western India

The pericratonic sedimentary Jaisalmer Basin, west of the Aravalli Ranges, on the westerly dipping eastern flank of the Indus Shelf, is a principal structural element of Rajasthan. Jurassic sediments in the SE comprise non-marine sandstones and conglomerates to nearshore, brackish to marine sands, silts, clays and carbonates, grouped lithostratigraphically into the Lathi, Jaisalmer, Baisakhi, and Bhadasar formations. The Late Bajocian to Oxfordian Jaisalmer Formation is divided, in ascending order, into the Hamira, Joyan, Fort, Badabag, Kuldhar, and Jajiya members. Fossil records providing a Bajocian to Bathonian age for the lower and middle parts of the formation include: a Late Bajocian coral Isastraea bernardiana (d’Orbigny) in the uppermost Joyan Member; Bathonian ammonite Clydoniceras in the basal part of the Badabag Member; Bathonian foraminiferal/bivalve assemblages in the Fort Member. The topmost bed of the Joyan Member represents the peak of first marine transgression of the Jaisalmer Basin, probably contemporaneous with the Late Bajocian one in the neighbouring Kachchh Basin. Based on faunal studies Bajocian to Bathonian sediments of the Jaisalmer Basin can be broadly correlated with those of the Kachchh Basin. The Fort and Badabag members represent the following depositional environments, in chronological order: (a) brackish to shallow fully marine; (b) fully marine with rapidly fluctuating water energy and sedimentation rates; (c) near-shore to lower shoreface with fluctuating energy conditions, salinity and sedimentation rates; (d) near-shore to shoreface channels and storm-dominated marine above fair-weather wave-base; (e) lagoon with fluctuating low to moderate energy, salinity and sedimentation rates; (f) stormdominated shelf to lower shoreface.     

关中盆地地下水氚年龄的计算

环境同位素氚是研究现代渗入起源地下水的理想示踪剂。通过在关中盆地典型地貌的系统取样,利用插值法对关中盆地1953年以来的大气降水氚浓度进行了恢复,并根据恢复结果选用3种模型对不同地貌单元地下水氚年龄进行了计算,得出地下水的平均滞留时间。计算结果表明渭河以北潜水从山前冲洪积扇→黄土台塬→冲积平原呈现出新→老→新的特征,其中山前冲洪积扇潜水氚年龄最小,地下水滞留时间最短。所得结果符合实际水文地质条件。     

Depositional environments of Bathonian sediments from the Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, western India

The pericratonic sedimentary Jaisalmer Basin, west of the Aravalli Ranges, on the westerly dipping eastern flank of the Indus Shelf, is a principal structural element of Rajasthan. Jurassic sediments in the SE comprise non-marine sandstones and conglomerates to nearshore, brackish to marine sands, silts, clays and carbonates, grouped lithostratigraphically into the Lathi, Jaisalmer, Baisakhi, and Bhadasar formations. The Late Bajocian to Oxfordian Jaisalmer Formation is divided, in ascending order, into the Hamira, Joyan, Fort, Badabag, Kuldhar, and Jajiya members. Fossil records providing a Bajocian to Bathonian age for the lower and middle parts of the formation include: a Late Bajocian coral Isastraea bernardiana (d’Orbigny) in the uppermost Joyan Member; Bathonian ammonite Clydoniceras in the basal part of the Badabag Member; Bathonian foraminiferal/bivalve assemblages in the Fort Member. The topmost bed of the Joyan Member represents the peak of first marine transgression of the Jaisalmer Basin, probably contemporaneous with the Late Bajocian one in the neighbouring Kachchh Basin. Based on faunal studies Bajocian to Bathonian sediments of the Jaisalmer Basin can be broadly correlated with those of the Kachchh Basin. The Fort and Badabag members represent the following depositional environments, in chronological order: (a) brackish to shallow fully marine; (b) fully marine with rapidly fluctuating water energy and sedimentation rates; (c) near-shore to lower shoreface with fluctuating energy conditions, salinity and sedimentation rates; (d) near-shore to shoreface channels and storm-dominated marine above fair-weather wave-base; (e) lagoon with fluctuating low to moderate energy, salinity and sedimentation rates; (f) stormdominated shelf to lower shoreface.     

湿地的沉积特征及石油地质意义

根据野外露头和钻、测井资料中湿地沉积的观察对比研究,结合现代湿地的特征,从沉积学的角度对湿地进行定义:"一种地形平坦,地面常年潮湿,可有很浅积水(水深通常小于2 m),被繁茂植物广泛覆盖的沉积环境",根据沉积特征,可将湿地分为两类,即沼泽湿地(或称沼泽)和湿原湿地(或称湿原),并对湿原湿地的沉积特征及其与相关相类型的对比关系进行研究。结果表明:湿原湿地沉积物为灰色-黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、碳质泥岩等,富含植物化石,有机碳含量高,电阻率测井曲线呈小锯齿状,数值介于纯泥岩和砂岩之间;古代湿原湿地与河漫滩沉积、湖泊沉积的区别标志在于沉积物颜色、岩性、植物化石、电测曲线等方面;湿地外围部分主要发育泛滥平原,且主要为河漫滩,湿地的边缘部位主要发育湿原,而中心部位发育沼泽;正确区分湿原湿地与湖泊沉积有利于正确恢复古地理面貌和气候演化,正确评价盆地的油气潜力及指导油气勘探。